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Radio operator Lance Corporal George R. Simpson, Jr.,{{sfn|Jones|2006|p=3}}{{sfn|Marines Magazine|2002|p=1}} a 21-year-old Ohioan from [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], was shot in the arm and Lance Corporal Antonio J. "Tony" Sledd,{{sfn|N|2005|p=1}}{{sfn|Rhem|2002|p=1}} a 20-year-old Floridian,{{Sfn|Military Times|2016|p=1}}{{sfn|Rivera|2003|p=1}} was shot in the chin and abdomen. An avid baseball fan from Florida's [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough County]], Sledd was playing an impromptu baseball game with Lance Corporal Simpson when the former was shot by one of the black-bearded gunmen at point-blank range in the back.{{Sfn|Bell|2005|p=178}}
Radio operator Lance Corporal George R. Simpson, Jr.,{{sfn|Jones|2006|p=3}}{{sfn|Marines Magazine|2002|p=1}} a 21-year-old Ohioan from [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], was shot in the arm and Lance Corporal Antonio J. "Tony" Sledd,{{sfn|N|2005|p=1}}{{sfn|Rhem|2002|p=1}} a 20-year-old Floridian,{{Sfn|Military Times|2016|p=1}}{{sfn|Rivera|2003|p=1}} was shot in the chin and abdomen. An avid baseball fan from Florida's [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough County]], Sledd was playing an impromptu baseball game with Lance Corporal Simpson when the former was shot by one of the black-bearded gunmen at point-blank range in the back.{{Sfn|Bell|2005|p=178}}


[[Hospital corpsman|Naval corpsmen]] assessed the injured Marines and came to the conclusion that they needed more intensive care and thus a request was put in to the U.S. Army hospital at [[Camp Doha]] for a medical evacuation. Within ten minutes, a U.S. Army UH-60 medical helicopter arrived and flew the two wounded Marines to the mainland for treatment at an army hospital in Kuwait City. Sledd was reportedly in good spirits when he was taken away by the helicopter, but he was ultimately mortally wounded and subsequently died. However, Simpson managed to survive his wounds and was awarded the [[Purple Heart Medal]] later that month by a general.{{sfn|Marines Magazine|2002|p=1}}
[[Hospital corpsman|Naval corpsmen]] assessed the injured Marines and came to the conclusion that they needed more intensive care and thus a request was put in to the U.S. Army hospital at [[Camp Doha]] for a medical evacuation. Within ten minutes, a U.S. Army UH-60 medical helicopter arrived and flew the two wounded Marines to the mainland for treatment at an army hospital in Kuwait City. Sledd was reportedly in good spirits when he was taken away by the helicopter, but he died during surgery the same day. Simpson survived his wounds and was awarded the [[Purple Heart Medal]] later that month by a general.{{sfn|Marines Magazine|2002|p=1}}


After al-Kandari and al-Haijiri were killed by the Marines, reports indicate that the Marines then took incoming gunfire from a nearby fishing village, with some of them jumping into the water to avoid being shot, as cover was scarce on a sandy beach. A [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47 helicopter]] arrived and distributed ammunition to the Marines, who then went into the town to fight the village-based attackers.{{sfn|O'Donnell|2007|p=24}} Eight hours later, the Marines concluded and left.{{sfn|O'Donnell|2007|p=24}}
After al-Kandari and al-Haijiri were killed by the Marines, reports indicate that the Marines then took incoming gunfire from a nearby fishing village, with some of them jumping into the water to avoid being shot, as cover was scarce on a sandy beach. A [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47 helicopter]] arrived and distributed ammunition to the Marines, who then went into the town to fight the village-based attackers.{{sfn|O'Donnell|2007|p=24}} Eight hours later, the Marines concluded and left.{{sfn|O'Donnell|2007|p=24}}

Revision as of 19:37, 5 February 2019

Faylaka Island attack
A Lithuanian map of Faylaka Island with it highlighted, in relation to mainland Kuwait and neighboring countries.
LocationFaylaka Island, Kuwait
DateOctober 8, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-10-08)
11:00 a.m. (UTC+03:00)
TargetU.S. Marines on a training exercise
Attack type
Motorized small arms assault
WeaponsKalashnikov rifles, pickup truck
Deaths3 (including two attackers)
Injured1 U.S. Marine wounded (WIA)
Victims1 U.S. Marine killed †
PerpetratorsAnas Al Kandari and Jassem al-Hajiri †
Assailants2 armed gunmen
MotiveJihadism and anti-Americanism

On October 8, 2002, two Kuwaiti citizens with ties to jihadists in Afghanistan attacked a group of unarmed United States Marines conducting a training exercise on Faylaka Island, killing one of them before being killed themselves by armed sentries. The attackers were reported to have served as volunteers with the Taliban in Afghanistan, prior to the U.S. invasion of the country in response to the September 11 attacks of 2001.

The Marines were on a training exercise on Faylaka Island, an island off the coast of Kuwait. One U.S. Marine was killed and another was seriously injured. The two Kuwaiti attackers were also killed themselves after U.S. Marines returned fire in self-defense. The Marines' rifles were loaded with blank rounds for the training exercise, but they were able to engage their Kuwaiti attackers with their pistols. Prior to the Persian Gulf War of 1991 the island was a resort, but in 2002 the war damage had not been repaired.

Background

In October 2002, an element of approximately 150 U.S. Marines from India Company and Lima Company of Battalion Landing Team,[1] 3rd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment,[2][1] 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit[3][1] were on Faylaka Island as part of Eager Mace, a joint annual U.S. and Kuwaiti military amphibious assault training exercise. Eager Mace had begun the previous month and had 2,000 U.S. Marines participating in it in total.[4] For the part of the exercise that took place on Faylaka Island, it was conducted by U.S. forces only.[4]

Faylaka Island was a small island belonging to Kuwait, located in the Kuwait Bay off the eastern coastline of mainland Kuwait proper. During the Persian Gulf War of 1991, forces of the Iraqi Army had invaded and occupied the island, severely damaging it in the process.[5] More than 11 years later, a lot of the damage had not been repaired and some buildings still had graffiti painted on them from the war.[5]

The Marines on Faylaka had left southern California's Camp Pendleton in June 2002 and had arrived in Kuwait via the naval warship USS Denver after making port calls in several different foreign countries.[1] In addition to the usual training duties that were part of the scheduled exercise, the Marines were also practicing for a possible U.S. invasion of Iraq amid United Nations deliberations over an alleged Iraqi regime chemical weapons program, deliberations which, if proved unfruitful, would almost certainly mean said invasion would occur.

Aside from the Marines, there was a small civilian caretaker presence on the island consisting of Kuwaiti citizens, as well as a few shop owners,[6] which surprised the Marines a little bit as they were under the impression that the island was deserted.[1] Nevertheless, the Marines felt very safe and secure on the island as Kuwait was ostensibly an allied country of the U.S.,[1] the Kuwaiti government told them it was safe,[1] and there was a small contingent of Kuwaiti police there as well.[1] In addition, the Kuwaiti civilians with whom the Marines interacted with were friendly and were ostensibly glad to have U.S. military forces in their country.[1]

The attack

Antonio J. "Tony" Sledd (left), the sole U.S. Marine killed in the attack.

On October 7, two Kuwaiti men, Anas al-Kandari and Jassem al-Hajiri, sat in a small white-with-red stripes Nissan pickup truck that they had rented and reconnoitered the Marines training from a distance. They had spent some time at a local mosque a few days before and had reconnoitered the Marines the day prior as well.

The two men were Jihadis who had received terrorist training in Afghanistan. They had arrived at the island via ferry at 10:30 a.m. and had been to the island a few times before, where they would play soccer and imbibe soft drinks. Al-Kandari himself had fasted and prayed before going to the island in October, writing a will in which he demanded that his possessions be given to his fellow Jihadis. He recorded a "martyrdom video" at a mosque before going to the island, where he recited some verses from the Quran and gave an oration to the camera urging Muslims to be more devout in Islam and to fight infidels, as well as lambasting the U.S. for its alleged atrocities against Muslims. Al-Hajiri was al-Kandari's cousin and a 26-year-old man who worked for the Kuwaiti Ministry of Oil.

The following day, October 8, was a hot and sunny day on the island. At approximately, 11:00 a.m. local time, some Marines were taking a break from official duties and resting at a beach-side campsite during a lull in the training. They thus did not have live ammunition in their rifles for training purposes, although a few commissioned officers and senior NCOs carried Beretta M9 sidearms loaded with live ammunition.[7][8] Soon thereafter, the two gunmen began shooting at the Marines with Kalashnikov rifles,[7][9][10] specifically targeting two Marines playing a makeshift game of baseball during a rest in the training. One nearby Marine became disgruntled after hearing the gunfire, mistaking it for that of his fellow Marines, but soon realized otherwise.[6]

The Marines, believing the island was safe, were caught off guard by the attack. The gunfire by the two assailants struck the two baseball-playing Marines as well as a tent and dozens of cases of soft drinks. After shooting at the Marines initially, reports state the men then drove to another location and then shot again. According to accounts, a Marine sentry returned fire with an M16A2 rifle and company commander Captain Matthew S. Reid returned fire with a sidearm, with the former's gunfire disabling the truck. The two Kuwaiti gunmen were shot, with one of them exiting the vehicle on the passenger side with several gunshot wounds. Reid and the senior-most Marine enlisted on the island, First Sergeant Timothy Ruff, and Company Gunnery Sergeant Wayne A. Hertz then closed with and shot the gunman several more times, killing them. Ruff and other Marines, including Hertz, then extracted the wounded driver of the truck from out of the vehicle. That gunman also died.[7][8] Before the second gunman died, the Marines walked up to his body and stood over him. Surrounded by U.S. Marines, the mortally-wounded gunman laid dying on the ground and muttered a few phrases in Arabic before finally expiring.

Radio operator Lance Corporal George R. Simpson, Jr.,[11][12] a 21-year-old Ohioan from Dayton, was shot in the arm and Lance Corporal Antonio J. "Tony" Sledd,[13][14] a 20-year-old Floridian,[15][16] was shot in the chin and abdomen. An avid baseball fan from Florida's Hillsborough County, Sledd was playing an impromptu baseball game with Lance Corporal Simpson when the former was shot by one of the black-bearded gunmen at point-blank range in the back.[1]

Naval corpsmen assessed the injured Marines and came to the conclusion that they needed more intensive care and thus a request was put in to the U.S. Army hospital at Camp Doha for a medical evacuation. Within ten minutes, a U.S. Army UH-60 medical helicopter arrived and flew the two wounded Marines to the mainland for treatment at an army hospital in Kuwait City. Sledd was reportedly in good spirits when he was taken away by the helicopter, but he died during surgery the same day. Simpson survived his wounds and was awarded the Purple Heart Medal later that month by a general.[12]

After al-Kandari and al-Haijiri were killed by the Marines, reports indicate that the Marines then took incoming gunfire from a nearby fishing village, with some of them jumping into the water to avoid being shot, as cover was scarce on a sandy beach. A CH-47 helicopter arrived and distributed ammunition to the Marines, who then went into the town to fight the village-based attackers.[17] Eight hours later, the Marines concluded and left.[17]

Aftermath

Matthew S. Reid, one of the U.S. Marines present during the attack, pictured here in the mid-2010s as a colonel.

After killing the two attacking gunmen, the Marines were unsure if as to whether or not there were any more attackers or not as there was still incoming gunfire. However, that gunfire too ceased soon thereafter but the Marines were unable to find the shooter that fired those shots. The Marines of Lima Company set up a defensive posture, requested more ammunition, searched nearby buildings, stopped civilian vehicles, generally locked down the area and detained 31 civilians for investigation, including two medical students suspected of being linked to gunman al-Kandari, handing them over to Kuwaiti authorities for further investigation.[8][18][19][20][7] An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was dispatched over the island along with British air force Tornadoes and U.S. Air Force F-16s.

Local Kuwaitis who knew the two gunmen personally considered them to be martyrs after the attack.

The exercise the Marines were a part of, Eager Mace, was originally intended to last three weeks.[4] However, it was cancelled prematurely after the attack.[4]

In an unrelated incident, three U.S. Marines were injured in an explosion a couple of days later on October 10 in Udairi, Kuwait.[21]

Though the Iraq War itself would not begin until a few months later in March of the following year, Sledd is considered by some[22][23] to be the first U.S. combat casualty of the war, as he was killed by hostile fire while training for its commencement. His death became a rallying cry for some of the Marines who knew him, who said, "Remember how and why Sledd died!"[24] Sledd was posthumously advanced to the rate of corporal. Eight days after the attack, the U.S. government passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, which legally cleared the way for the U.S. to invade Iraq, which it in March did the following year.[25]

George R. Simpson, one of the Marines injured in the attack, left the U.S. Marine Corps in 2004. According to his mother, he had two titanium plates installed into his injured arm and with more than twenty-five screws holding the affected area together.[26]

In mid-2015, one of the suspects connected with the attack was killed by the U.S. government, using a UAV airstrike.[27][28][22]

Matthew S. Reid, one of the Marines present during the attack is still in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was a captain at the time of the attack but is now a colonel, commanding the 6th Marine Regiment since 2016.[29]

Guantanamo captives alleged to have an association with the Faylaka Island attack

A number of the captives held in extrajudicial detention in Guantanamo had their continued detention justified, in part, through a friendship or family relationship with the two attackers.

Guantanamo captives alleged to have an association with the Faylaka Island attack
ISN Name Nationality Alleged association
196 Musa Bin Ali Bin Said al Amri Saudi Arabian
  • One of detainee's aliases was in another hard drive believed to belong to members of the suspected al-Qaeda cell involved with the October 2002 attack on U.S. Marines in Faylaka Island.[30][31]
  • The detainee's name was listed on a computer seized from members of the suspected al Qaida cell involved in the October 2002 attack on United States Marines on Faylaka Island.[32]
226 Anwar al Nurr Saudi Arabian
  • The detainee's name and other information was found in a 2 September 2002 "chat session" found on the hard drive of a computer confiscated from members of the suspected al Qaida cell involved in the October 2002 attack on U.S. Marines on Faylaka Island.[33]
  • The detainee's name was discovered as part of information that was recovered from hard drives, which were seized from the suspected al Qaida cell that attacked the United States Marines on Faylaka Island in October 2002.[34][35]
234 Khalid Mohammed al Zaharni Saudi Arabian
  • The detainee's name was found under a chat session on a computer hard drive seized from the suspected al Qaida cell that attacked the U.S. Marines on Faylaka Island in October 2002.[36]
568 Adil Zamil Abdull Mohssin Al Zamil Kuwaiti
  • The detainee was invited to the house of a man involved in the October 2002 attack on U.S. Marines on Faylaka Island, Kuwait.[37]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bell 2005, p. 178.
  2. ^ Folsom 2006, p. 26.
  3. ^ Nordland 2002, p. lxxi.
  4. ^ a b c d Global Security 2003, p. 1.
  5. ^ a b Bell 2005, p. 177.
  6. ^ a b Kasal & Helms 2007, pp. 88–89.
  7. ^ a b c d Schmitt 2002, p. A13.
  8. ^ a b c Dakss 2002a, p. 1.
  9. ^ Bell 2005, pp. 177–179.
  10. ^ Moniz 2002, p. 1.
  11. ^ Jones 2006, p. 3.
  12. ^ a b Marines Magazine 2002, p. 1.
  13. ^ N 2005, p. 1.
  14. ^ Rhem 2002, p. 1.
  15. ^ Military Times 2016, p. 1.
  16. ^ Rivera 2003, p. 1.
  17. ^ a b O'Donnell 2007, p. 24.
  18. ^ Banco 2014, p. 1.
  19. ^ University of St Andrews 2014, p. 1.
  20. ^ Fouad 2002, p. 1.
  21. ^ Dakss 2002b, p. 1.
  22. ^ a b Katz 2015, p. 1.
  23. ^ Lowry 2010, pp. 35–36.
  24. ^ O'Donnell 2007, p. 27.
  25. ^ United States Congress 2002, p. 1.
  26. ^ Doc 2003, p. 1.
  27. ^ Perry 2015, p. 1.
  28. ^ Thompson 2015, p. 1.
  29. ^ 6th Marine Regiment 2016, p. 1.
  30. ^ OARDEC 2004a, p. 8.
  31. ^ OARDEC 2005a, pp. 69–71.
  32. ^ OARDEC 2006a, pp. 1–3.
  33. ^ OARDEC 2004b, pp. 47–48.
  34. ^ OARDEC 2005c, pp. 70–72.
  35. ^ OARDEC 2006c, pp. 49–51.
  36. ^ OARDEC 2006b, p. 1.
  37. ^ OARDEC 2005b, pp. 42–44.

Bibliography

  • Moniz, Dave (October 8, 2002). "Kuwaiti gunmen kill 1 Marine in training". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Rhem, Kathleen T. (October 8, 2002). "One Marine Killed, One Injured in Kuwait Incident". American Forces Press Service. United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2017. One American Marine was killed today and another injured when they were attacked while training on an island off the coast of Kuwait. Department of Defense officials identified the dead Marine as Lance Cpl. Antonio J. Sledd, 20, of Hillsborough, Fla. He died from wounds received in action while participating in an urban exercise as part of Exercise Eager Mace. Sledd was assigned to Lima Company, 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines, 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, Camp Pendleton, Calif. The officials said the Marines were attacked at about 4:30 a.m. EDT (12:30 p.m. in Kuwait) by two men, presumed to be civilians of unknown nationality, who approached a group of Marines during the exercise and opened fire. The Marines responded, killing both attackers, a DoD spokesman said. More details were not yet available, and military officials are investigating the incident. U.S. Central Command officials said the two Marines who were shot were immediately evacuated to a "nearby military medical facility." About 1,000 U.S. Marines from the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit are in Kuwait for Exercise Eager Mace, an annual U.S.-Kuwait military exercise. The Marines are part of the Belleau Wood Amphibious Ready Group, which deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom from San Diego in June. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Schmitt, Eric (October 9, 2002). "U.S. Marine Is Killed in Kuwait As Gunmen Strike Training Site". The New York Times. p. A13. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2017. The marines were conducting an urban assault exercise on Failaka Island, in the Persian Gulf off Kuwait City, when two Kuwaitis driving a pickup truck opened fire with AK-47 automatic rifles on a group of marines who were training with blank rounds, Pentagon officials said. The assailants were shot to death when they raced up the road and fired on a second cluster of troops, the officials said. [...] Thirty-one civilians on Failaka were taken into custody as possible material witnesses in what the United States Fifth Fleet said was an unprovoked attack. Kuwaiti and Pentagon officials could not immediately explain why the civilians were on the island. Marines also recovered three AK-47 automatic rifles and ammunition from the truck the gunmen were using. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Dakss, Brian (October 10, 2002a). "Al Qaeda Links To Kuwait Attack?". CBS News. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014. The two men — Anas al-Kandari, 21, and his 26-year-old cousin, Jassem al-Hajiri — opened fire Tuesday from a pickup truck on Marines engaged in urban assault training on Failaka, an island 10 miles east of Kuwait City, killing one Marine and injuring a second. After driving to a second location and attacking a second time, both Kuwaiti shooters were killed by Marines. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Dakss, Brian (October 11, 2002b). "Three Marines Injured In Kuwait Accident". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2016. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Fouad, Ashraf (October 13, 2002). "UPDATE 3-Kuwait, U.S. to look into Marine death confusion". The Marker. Archived from the original on October 2, 2014. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • United States Congress (October 16, 2002). "H.J.Res.114 - Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002". United States Congress. Retrieved April 11, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Nordland, Rod (2002). "Volume 140". Newsweek. Newsweek, Incorporated. Retrieved April 11, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Marines Magazine (October 2002). "Wounded marine awarded Purple Heart". Marines Magazine. Retrieved April 11, 2017. BETHESDA NAVAL HOSPITAL, Bethesda, Md. -- Lance Cpl. George R. Simpson Jr. was awarded the Purple Heart for injuries sustained Oct. 9 when two Kuwait gunmen opened fire on a group of Marines training on the Kuwaiti island of Failaka. The medal was presented by Gen. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Global Security (June 2003). "Eager Mace". Global Security. Archived from the original on June 25, 2003. Retrieved June 25, 2003. About 2,000 marines began an amphibious assault exercise in Kuwait in late September 2002. The annual exercise was scheduled to end around October 19th. The Marine exercise, initially intended to last three weeks, was cut short after the fatal shooting of one Marine and the wounding of another by terrorists. Plans to practice an evacuation operation were canceled after the Kuwaiti government requested that the Marines end the training and move back aboard their ships. On 08 October 2002 the assailants approached the exercise in a pick-up truck and fired on the Marines with small arms. The assailants were in civilian attire. The two gunmen were shot and killed by other Marines following Tuesday's attack. State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said the attack on Marines Oct. 8 was an act of terrorism. Lance Cpl. Antonio J. Sledd, 20, of Hillsborough, Fla., died in the attack. Lance Cpl. George R. Simpson, 21, of Dayton, Ohio, was wounded in the firefight. There were no Kuwaiti military forces on the island for this part of the exercise. In addition, 31 civilians have been taken into custody since the shooting as possible material witnesses. Kuwaiti authorities are questioning them. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Doc, Grunt (July 18, 2003). "LCPLs Sledd and Simpson Update". GruntDoc. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Rivera, Tim (September 2003). "Marine Lance Cpl. Antonio J. Sledd". Fallen Heroes of Operation Enduring Freedom: Remembering the soldiers who died in the service of their country. Fallen Heroes Memorial. Archived from the original on September 23, 2003. Retrieved September 23, 2003. 20, of Hillsborough, Florida. Sledd died in Kuwait from wounds received in action while participating in an urban exercise as part of Exercise Eager Mace. He was assigned to Lima Company, 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines, 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, Camp Pendleton, California. Died on October 8, 2002. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • N, Brenda (March 3, 2005). "Antonio James "Tony" Sledd". Find a Grave. Retrieved April 12, 2017. Sledd was assigned to Lima Company, 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines, 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, Camp Pendleton, California. Sledd was fatally shot by two al-Qaida trained Kuwaiti gunmen during an urban assault training exercise on heavily guarded Failaka Island, 10 miles east of Kuwait City in the Persian Gulf. Tony graduated from Gaither High School in 2000 and attended a semester at Hillsborough Community College. Friends remember him as a prankster, the proud owner of a purple Camaro people called "Barney", and a fiercely competitive and sometimes hot tempered basketball player. Tony had a warrior side to him – he would take on anybody bigger than him. He wouldn't back down from anything. Tony had a dream to follow his dad to the University of Arkansas. He wanted to earn a degree in criminology and become an FBI agent. One day he came home and said he needed to get some money for college so he entered the Marine Corps on January 10, 2001. When he came back from boot camp, his twin brother Mike was working odd jobs so he talked him into joining the Marines also. Neighbors remember two slender young men jogging through the quiet streets early mornings and late nights. Part of the allure of the Marines was its reputation for ruggedness - he wanted to see if he was tough enough to do it. He wrote an email to his family from Kuwait, "Tell everybody I love them and we are doing our best to protect y'all's country. Tony assured his mom he would be home for Thanksgiving, but he never made it. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Jones, Charles (2006). Boys of '67: From Vietnam to Iraq, the Extraordinary Story of a Few Good Men. Retrieved April 10, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Folsom, Seth W. B. (2006). The Highway War: A Marine Company Commander in Iraq. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. Retrieved April 11, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • OARDEC (September 28, 2004a). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Al Umari, Musa Ali Said Al Said" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 11, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • OARDEC (November 16, 2004b). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Al Nur, Anwar Hamdan Muhammed" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 11, 2007. Retrieved March 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • OARDEC (April 6, 2005a). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Al Umari, Musa Ali Said Al Said" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • OARDEC (May 10, 2005b). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Al Zamel, Adel Zamel Abd Al Mahsen" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2008. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • OARDEC (October 11, 2005c). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Al Nur, Anwar Hamdan Muhammed" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2008. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • OARDEC (March 3, 2006a). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Al Amri, Musa Bin Ali Bin Said Al Amri" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • OARDEC (May 23, 2006b). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Al Zahrani, Khalid Mohammed". United States Department of Defense. Retrieved July 31, 2009. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • OARDEC (June 7, 2006c). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Al Nur, Anwar Hamdam Muhammad" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved March 11, 2008. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Bell, Stewart (2005). The Martyr's Oath: The Apprenticeship of a Homegrown Terrorist. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-83683-5. Retrieved June 23, 2009. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Kasal, Brad; Helms, Nathaniel (2007). My Men are My Heroes: The Brad Kasal Story. Retrieved April 10, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • O'Donnell, Patrick K. (2007). We Were One: Shoulder to Shoulder with the Marines Who Took Fallujah. Retrieved April 11, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lowry, Richard (2010). New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah. Retrieved April 10, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • University of St Andrews (April 23, 2014). "US Marine killed and another wounded during training in Kuwait". University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on October 2, 2014. Law Enforcement Response: Article focuses on cooperation difficulties between Kuwaiti and US authorities early in the investigation. 31 suspects quickly arrested - reportedly thwarting other imminent attacks. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Banco, Erin (September 24, 2014). "UN Documents Point To Deep Links Between Khorasan Leader Mohsin al Fadhli And Al Nusra Front In Syria". International Business Times. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Fadhli, a bodyguard and second-in-command for a leader in the al Qaeda network, possibly Bin Laden himself, fought for the terrorist group in the north of Afghanistan. He had learned how to use firearms, antiaircraft guns and explosives when he fought against Russian forces in Chechnya. He also was implicated in an attack against U.S. Marines on the Kuwaiti island of Faylaka on Oct. 8, 2002. The Marines were training on the island and were attacked by two Kuwaitis, Anas al-Kandari and Jassem al-Hajiri. One Marine was killed. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Thompson, Mark (July 22, 2015). "Unmanned Aerial Vengeance: Drone Takes Out Terrorist Linked to Marine's Killing". TIME. Retrieved April 10, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Katz, Michele (July 23, 2015). "The first Marine death of the Iraq war has been avenged, 13 years later". USMC Life. USMCLIFE. Retrieved April 10, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Perry, Tony (July 23, 2015). "Drone strike kills terrorist tied to 2002 killing of Camp Pendleton Marine". Los Angeles Times. California. Retrieved April 11, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Military Times (2016). "Marine Lance Cpl. Antonio J. Sledd: Died October 8, 2002 Serving During Operation Enduring Freedom". Honor the Fallen. Military Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016. 20, of Hillsborough, Fla.; assigned to 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines, 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit; killed in a terrorist attack on Oct. 8, 2002, in Kuwait. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • 6th Marine Regiment (June 2016). "Colonel Matthew S. Reid". 6th Marine Regiment, Leaders. United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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