108 (number)

For the band, see 108 (band).

For the Italian street artist, see 108 (artist).

For the year, see 108.

108 is the natural number following 107 and preceding 109.

← 107 108 109 →
← 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 → List of numbers Integers ← 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 →
Cardinal	one hundred [and] eight
Ordinal	th
Numeral system	108
Factorization	$2^{2}\cdot 3^{3}$
Divisors	1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, 54, 108
Greek numeral	ΡΗ´
Roman numeral	CVIII
Binary	11011002
Ternary	110003
Senary	3006
Octal	1548
Duodecimal	9012
Hexadecimal	6C16

EMRI - Emergency Services

In India 108 (1-0-8) is the telephone number of Emergency Management and Research Institute (EMRI) which provides comprehensive emergency management services for Medical, Police and Fire. As of now, 108 is being used as the toll free emergency number in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,Uttarakhand, Goa, Tamil nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Assam.

In mathematics

One hundred [and] eight (or nine dozen) is an abundant number and a semiperfect number. It is a tetranacci number.

It is the hyperfactorial of 3 since it is of the form $1^{1}\cdot 2^{2}\cdot 3^{3}$.

108 is a number that is divisible by the value of its φ function, which is 36. 108 is also divisible by the total number of its divisors (12), hence it is a refactorable number.

In Euclidean space, the interior angles of a regular pentagon measure 108 degrees each.

There are 108 free polyominoes of order 7.

In base 10, it is a Harshad number and a self number.

Religion and the arts

In Eastern religions & traditions

File:Japamala2.jpg

Japa Mala, or Japa beads, made from Tulasi wood. Comprising of 108 beads in total + the head bead.

• Sacred within Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and connected yoga and dharma based practices.
• A mala usually has beads for 108 repetitions of a mantra.
• Hindu deities have 108 names. Recital of these names, often accompanied by counting of 108-beaded Mala, is considered sacred and often done during religious ceremonies. The recital is called namajapa.
• It is described in the Srimad Bhagavatam that Krishna dances with 108 'Gopis' (cow-herd girls) in His Vrindavan pastimes, and later marries 16,108 wives in His city of Dwarka. Hare Krishna devotees thus hold 108 as a number of great significance.
• Siva Nataraja dances his cosmic dance in 108 poses.
• The total of all digits of 108 (1+0+8) is 9, which in Hinduism is said to represent the 9 tattvas. If you divide 108 by 2 or multiply by 2 the total of all digits again equals 9.
• 2^2 * 3^3 = 108 ( (2 * 2) * (3 * 3 * 3) )
• The number of sins in Tibetan Buddhism.
• In the temple Angkor Wat area there are numerous references to the number 108, which plays a significant role in the symbolism of the structure.
• Ananda Coomaraswamy holds that the numerology of the decimal numeric system was key to its inception. 108 is therefore founded in Dharmic metaphysical numerology. One for bindu; zero for shunyata and eight for ananta.
• In Japan, at the end of the year, a bell is chimed 108 times to finish the old year and welcome the new one. Each ring represents one of 108 earthly temptations a person must overcome to achieve nirvana.
• Zen priests wear juzu (a ring of prayer beads) around their wrists, which consists of 108 beads.
• Muktinath, the source of all Sila or Shaligram and one of the holiest place of pilgrimage of Hindus, Buddhists, Vaishnava, and Jains, has 108 water springs.
• Many Buddhist temples have 108 steps.
• Hindu Kshatriya Dhangars have 108 clans. The lineage of these clans is from solar and lunar dynasties. These people like to point out that the diameter of the Sun is nearly 108 times the diameter of the Earth, the distance from the Sun to the Earth is nearly 108 times the diameter of the Sun, and the average distance of the Moon from the Earth is nearly 108 times the diameter of the Moon.
• The Eklingji temple complex includes 108 temples within its walls.
• In Hindu Astrology there are 12 Rashis or Zodiacs and 9 Planets or Navagrahas. 12 X 9 = 108. There are 27 Lunar mansions or Nakshatras which are divided in 4 Padas or quarters each. 27 X 4 = 108.
• There are 108 holy temples of Vishnu.
• Sahasranamastotra or Sahasranama (1008 names (List of 10,000 names is given to a rishi called Tandi by Shiva; the rishi gives it to Upamanyu, and the latter to Krsna in an abridged. He gives only one tenth of the names, viz. 1008 names)) has a total of 108 shlokas.
• 108 signifies the wholeness of the divinity, perfect totality.
• Heart Chakra: The chakras are the intersections of energy lines, and there are said to be a total of 108 energy lines converging to form the heart chakra. One of them, sushumna leads to the crown chakra, and is said to be the path to Self-realization.
• Marmas: Marmas or marmastanas are like energy intersections called chakras, except have fewer energy lines converging to form them. There are said to be 108 marmas in the subtle body.
• The Lankavatara Sutra repeatedly refers to the 108 steps.

Martial arts

• Marma Adi has 108 pressure points.
• The Chinese school of martial arts agrees with the South Indian school of martial arts on the principle of 108 pressure points.
• 108 number also figures prominently in the symbolism associated with karate, particularly the Gōjū-ryū discipline. The ultimate Gōjū-ryū kata, Suparinpei, literally translates to 108. Suparinpei is the Chinese pronunciation of the number 108, while gojūshi of Gojūshiho is the Japanese pronunciation of the number 54. The other Gōjū-ryū kata, Sanseru (meaning "36") and Seipai ("18") are factors of the number 108.
• The 108 of the Yang long form and Wing Chun, taught by Yip Man having 108 movements are noted in this regard.
• Several different Taijiquan long forms consist of 108 moves.
• Paek Pal Ki Hyung, the 7^th form taught in the art of Kuk Sool Won, translates literally to "108 technique" form. It is also frequently referred to as the "eliminate 108 torments" form. Each motion corresponds with one of the 108 Buddhist torments or defilements.

In literature

• In Homer's Odyssey, the number of suitors coveting Penelope, wife of Odysseus.
• There are 108 outlaws in the Chinese classic Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh.
• The number of surat al-Kawthar in the Qur'an, the smallest one of the Book.
• There are 108 love sonnets in Astrophil and Stella, the first English sonnet sequence by Sir Philip Sidney.
• Sonnet 108 by William Shakespeare
• The 108th page of George Orwell's novel 1984 has the words 'I love you'.

In astronomy

• 108 Aquarii is a star in the constellation Aquarius (constellation)Aquarius
• 108 Hecuba is a large and bright main belt asteroid. Hecuba orbits within the Hygiea family of asteroids
• Messier 108 is an edge-on spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major, discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 or 1782

In other fields

• The number 108 also stands for October 8
• The year AD 108 or 108 BC
• 108 AH is a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 726 – 727 CE
• Traditionally the Angelus Bell is rung 108 times.
• The atomic number of hassium.
• Ben Turpin's schtick for taking a fall (similar to Chevy Chase's) was known as a “one-oh-eight" or a "hundred and eight".
• Chinese astrology and Tao philosophy holds that there are 108 sacred stars.
• There are 540 (108 * 5) doors to the Great Hall of Valhalla in Nordic mythology.
• The number of Mbit/s of a non-standard extension of IEEE 802.11g wireless network using channel bonding.
• 108 is the name of a community of and for open source developers, created by Red Hat.
• The sum of "The Numbers" in the American TV show Lost (4, 8, 15, 16, 23, and 42). It is also the number of minutes within which these numbers must be entered into the computer and the button must be pushed. 108 is also the number of days the Oceanic 6 spent on the island.
• The TV series Cheyenne aired for 108 episodes on ABC from 1955 to 1962
• It is part of the Mythology in the videogame The Legend of Dragoon
• Konami's Suikoden series always has 108 characters to recruit, called "Stars of Destiny".
• 108 is the ten code for officer down or officer in danger.
• 108 (b. 1978) is an Italian artist who uses numbers instead of letters for his name
• The 108 Mile Ranch Airport or South Cariboo Regional Airport located in British Columbia, Canada
• STS-108 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour on December 5, 2001
• 108 is a band formed in 1991, notable for playing hardcore music infused with the beliefs of the Hare Krishna religion
• Radio stations such as Kiss 108 WXKS-FM, Boston, and Rock 108 KEYJ-FM, Abilene, Texas
• The 108 Hospital is a hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam
• The 108th Division was a formation of the United States Army Reserve following the conclusion of World War II
• The meridian 108° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole
• The 108th United States Congress met from January 3, 2003 to January 3, 2005, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President George W. Bush
• The British Rail Class 108 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1958 to 1961, with a final production quantity of 333 vehicles
• The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108 (FMVSS 108) regulates all automotive lighting, signalling and reflective devices in the United States
• The "108 Pound Hou" of Zorro in the One Piece Anime is inspired of the number 108 mythology. It referes to the 36 passions of human existence. 5 sens, (Sight Hearing Touch Smell Taste plus 1 spirit) (makes 6); than for each one of these 6, good, bad and neutrality (6 X 3= 18); and beyond that Pureness and Corruption (18 X 2 = 36); and beyond, three phases of existence, past, present and future (36 X 3 = 108).
• Arrancar Iceringer's Uña Tirotear, introduced in Hueco Mundo arc of Bleach, can shoot 108 bullets at once.
• In Saint Seiya, Hades and Pandora have 108 Specters at their disposal.
• The Guiness World Record for consecutive wins in the video game Street Fighter IV, 108 consecutive wins, held by Zak Bennett. Record was set on February 20 in London
• Watch me dance 108 times!
• I can has cheezeburger 108 timez ^ - *

See also

• List of highways numbered 108

References

• Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group. (1987): 134

External links

• The Significance of the number 108
• Meaning of 108 beads on a mala
• Article on the symbolism of the number 108
• Our Sun, Planet Earth and the Hoary 108