Ranunculus ophioglossifolius

Ranunculus ophioglossifolius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Ranunculaceae
Genus:	Ranunculus
Species:	R. ophioglossifolius
Binomial name
	Ranunculus ophioglossifolius; Vill.

Ranunculus ophioglossifolius, known as adder's-tongue spearwort, is a herbaceous plant in the family Ranunculaceae ("buttercup family"), with small, bright yellow, buttercup-like flowers.

Distribution

Ranunculus ophioglossifolius is found widely in southern Europe (especially in Sardinia), North Africa (including Macaronesia) and western Asia.^[1] In 1957, it was introduced to New Zealand.^[2] In the British Isles, it is now restricted to two sites,^[3] and in Scandinavia, it is only found at a few sites on the island of Gotland.^[4]

Status in Great Britain

Also known as the "Badgeworth buttercup", this plant has been the subject of considerable conservation effort from Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust and Plantlife. It is currently found in only two sites in the UK (Badgeworth and Inglestone Common), making it one of the rarest species of the country.

A historical timeline is published by the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust:^[5]

In 1789, adder's-tonguespearwort was first described by Dominique Villars in Histoire des plantes de Dauphiné.
In June 1838, it was discovered in the Channel Islands at St Peter's Marsh on Jersey by Charles Cardale Babington.
In 1843, Sowerby's English Botany included illustrations.
Mentioned in 1846 by Edward Forbes in a classic article on a theory of floral distribution of the British Isles.^[6]
In 1878 in England, a few specimens were found in a wet ditch at Hythe, Hampshire by Mr. H Groves (not fully identified until 1882).
In 1884, the last known specimens were collected from St Peter's Marsh, Jersey and are in the Herbarium of Carlisle City Museum.
In 1890, adder's-tongue spearwort was discovered at Cold Pool, Badgeworth by Mr. Buckell and Mrs. Frances Fawkes.
In 1914, it was found in a wet meadow near Woodsford, Dorset by Professor R Good.
In 1926, a second Gloucestershire site was found around a pond on Inglestone Common by Mrs C I Sandwith and Mr N Y Sandwith.
In 1929, specimens were collected by Frere Louis-Arsene at Grouville, Jersey (later found to be adder's-tongue spearwort) and are now in the Herbarium at the Natural History Museum.

References

^ C. D. K. Cook, J. Grau & G. López González (1998). "Ranunculus L.". In S. Castroviejo (ed.). Lycopodiaceae–Papaveraceae. Flora Iberica. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). pp. 279–371. ISBN 8400062221.
^ "Ranunculus ophioglossifolius". Flora. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
^ Matthew J. Dring & Lewis C. Frost (1971). "Studies of Ranunculus ophioglossifolius in relation to its conservation at the Badgeworth Nature Reserve, Gloucestershire, England". Biological Conservation. 4 (1): 48–56. Bibcode:1971BCons...4...48D. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(71)90057-7.
^ "Gotlandsranunkel, Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill". Den Virtuella Floran. Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. December 10, 1999. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
^ Guy, C, Haigh, D, Harris, Lucy, Harris, Lyn, Parker, J, Ralphs, I, Tandy, C, (1977 edition edited Holland, S) et al, 1966, 1967, 1977, 2007 editions, 'Badgeworth Nature Reserve Handbook' Gloucestershire Trust for Nature Conservation, Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, Part II
^ Edward Forbes (1846). "On the Connexion between the Distribution of the existing Fauna and Flora of the British Isles, and the Geological Changes which have affected their area, especially during the epoch of the Northern Drift". Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
Plantlife
"Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill". Flora of New Zealand.

[1] C. D. K. Cook, J. Grau & G. López González (1998). "Ranunculus L.". In S. Castroviejo (ed.). Lycopodiaceae–Papaveraceae. Flora Iberica. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). pp. 279–371. ISBN 8400062221.

[2] "Ranunculus ophioglossifolius". Flora. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved October 18, 2013.

[3] Matthew J. Dring & Lewis C. Frost (1971). "Studies of Ranunculus ophioglossifolius in relation to its conservation at the Badgeworth Nature Reserve, Gloucestershire, England". Biological Conservation. 4 (1): 48–56. Bibcode:1971BCons...4...48D. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(71)90057-7.

[4] "Gotlandsranunkel, Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill". Den Virtuella Floran. Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. December 10, 1999. Retrieved October 18, 2013.

[5] Guy, C, Haigh, D, Harris, Lucy, Harris, Lyn, Parker, J, Ralphs, I, Tandy, C, (1977 edition edited Holland, S) et al, 1966, 1967, 1977, 2007 editions, 'Badgeworth Nature Reserve Handbook' Gloucestershire Trust for Nature Conservation, Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, Part II

[6] Edward Forbes (1846). "On the Connexion between the Distribution of the existing Fauna and Flora of the British Isles, and the Geological Changes which have affected their area, especially during the epoch of the Northern Drift". Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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