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Aharonov–Casher effect

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The Aharonov–Casher effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon predicted in 1984 by Yakir Aharonov and Aharon Casher,[1] in which a traveling magnetic dipole is affected by an electric field. It is dual to the Aharonov–Bohm effect, in which the quantum phase of a charged particle depends upon which side of a magnetic flux tube it comes through. In the Aharonov–Casher effect, the particle has a magnetic moment and the tubes are charged instead. It was observed in a gravitational neutron interferometer in 1989[2] and later by fluxon interference of magnetic vortices in Josephson junctions.[3] It has also been seen with electrons and atoms.

In both effects the particle acquires a phase shift () while traveling along some path P. In the Aharonov–Bohm effect it is

While for the Aharonov–Casher effect it is

where is its charge and is the magnetic moment. The effects have been observed together.[4]

References

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  1. ^ Y. Aharonov; A. Casher (1984). "Topological quantum effects for neutral particles". Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (4): 319–321. Bibcode:1984PhRvL..53..319A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.319.
  2. ^ A. Cimmino; G. I. Opat; A. G. Klein; H. Kaiser; S. A. Werner; M. Arif; R. Clothier (1989). "Observation of the topological Aharonov–Casher phase shift by neutron interferometry" (PDF). Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (4): 380–383. Bibcode:1989PhRvL..63..380C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.380. PMID 10041058.
  3. ^ W. J. Elion; J. J. Wachters; L. L. Sohn; J. D. Mooij (1993). "Observation of the Aharonov–Casher effect for vortices in Josephson-junction arrays". Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (14): 2311–2314. Bibcode:1993PhRvL..71.2311E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2311. PMID 10054641.
  4. ^ * E. N. Bogachek; U. Landman (1994). "Aharonov–Bohm and Aharonov–Casher tunneling effects and edge states in double-barrier structures" (PDF). Phys. Rev. B. 50 (4): 2678–2680. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..50.2678B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.50.2678. PMID 9976496.

Bibliography

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See also

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