English: Proposed conjugationmechanisms between donor and recipient cells in archaea (left) and bacteria (right). The schematic shows how ssDNA substrates are generated by the HerA-NurA machinery in the donor archaeal cells and by the plasmid-encoded relaxosome in bacteria. Note that CedA and, potentially, Ted systems function as DNA importers rather than DNA exporters, contrary to the bacterial plasmid conjugative machinery. The figure is reproduced from Beltran et al., Nature Communications. 2023; 14(1):666. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36349-8.
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