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Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst

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Gustav Adolf von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
Portrait - Adolfo Müller-Ury (1882–1884).
ChurchRoman Catholic Church
Appointed15 July 1878
Term ended30 October 1896
PredecessorCostantino Patrizi Naro
SuccessorVincenzo Vannutelli
Other post(s)Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina (1895–96)
Previous post(s)
Orders
OrdinationJanuary 1849
by Luigi Maria Parisio
Consecration22 November 1857
by Pope Pius IX
Created cardinal22 June 1866
by Pope Pius IX
RankCardinal-Priest (1866–79; 1884–96)
Cardinal-Bishop (1879–84)
Personal details
Born
Gustav Adolf von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst

26 February 1823
Died30 October 1896(1896-10-30) (aged 73)
Rome, Kingdom of Italy
BuriedTeutonic Cemetery
ParentsFranz Joseph von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Caroline Friederike Constanze von Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Alma materPontifical Ecclesiastical Academy

Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst, (26 February 1823 – 30 October 1896) was a member of the Hohenlohe family of Germany, claiming descent from Eberhard, one of the early dukes of Franconia. He became a cardinal of the Catholic Church.

Biography

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Hohenlohe was born in Rotenburg an der Fulda, in the Electorate of Hesse, on 26 February 1823, the son of its ruler, Franz Joseph, 1st Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, and Princess Caroline Friederike Constanze of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.[1] His father was a Catholic, while his mother was a Lutheran. In the standard compromise of the era, he and his brothers were raised in the faith of their father, while his sisters were raised in that of their mother. His brothers were:

Hohenlohe studied humanities at the gymnasiums of Ansbach and Erfürt; and studied law in Bonn. He commenced his theology courses at the Seminary of Breslau, and then in Münich. He entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome in 1846.[1]

Hohenlohe took Catholic holy orders in 1849 and became in 1857 the titular bishop of Edessa in Mesopotamia and almoner to Pope Pius IX. He was appointed a cardinal in June 1866, with the titular church of Santa Maria in Traspontina.[2]

Around 1850 Hohenlohe acquired the Villa d'Este in Tivoli and restored the dilapidated villa and the ruined and overgrown gardens. The Villa attracted artists. His portrait was apparently painted by the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862-1947) during the two years he spent studying in Italy 1882-1884, and was probably signed "Ad. Muller". Its present whereabouts is unknown.

In 1858, his cousin, the widowed Princess Katharina of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst had entered the Convent of Sant'Ambrogio della Massima as a novice. After objecting to what she considered inappropriate practices, she became very ill. Convinced she was being poisoned, she managed to get word to the Cardinal, who immediately removed her from the convent and brought her the Villa d'Este to recover. There she was introduced to the Benedictine monk Maurus Wolter. The princess confided in the monk, who instructed her to report it to the Holy Office. This set in motion an investigation, during which a number of irregularities at the convent came to light.[3]

After Rome was taken by the Italian army in September 1870, Hohenlohe returned to Germany. In 1872, during the Kulturkampf, Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of the German Empire, appointed Hohenlohe as Ambassador to the Holy See, but his appointment was rejected by Pope Pius IX, possibly as a result of the open opposition he and his brothers had shown to the ultramontane position of that pope.[4] Hohenlohe was considered a liberal,[5] and had been critical of the infallibility dogma.

He returned to Rome in 1876 and subsequently gained the favor of Pope Leo XIII, and went on to spend the rest of his ecclesiastical career in Italy. In July 1878 he became the archpriest of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. In May 1879 he was named the Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, which office he resigned in December 1883. A year later he was given the title of Cardinal-Priest of the Church of San Callisto, until 1895, when his title was transferred to that of San Lorenzo in Lucina.[2]

Grabstätte des Kurienkardinals Gustav Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst

Hohenlohe died in Rome on 30 October 1896 and was buried in the Teutonic Cemetery, reserved to German nationals serving the institutions of the Church in Rome.[6]

The American sculptor and Rome resident Moses Jacob Ezekiel, a friend, created a bust of Hohenlohe.[7]

Hohenlohe and Liszt

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In October 1861 Hohenlohe was instrumental in the prevention of the marriage of Franz Liszt with Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein in the San Carlo al Corso in Rome.[8] Thus he averted disinheritance of his brother Konstantin, husband of Carolyne’s daughter Marie. Nevertheless, he became friendly with Liszt: in April 1865 he conveyed him the tonsure, in July the Minor Orders. Besides he granted Liszt hospitality in his apartments in the Vatican, from April 1865 until June 1866 (his creation as a cardinal).[9]

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Gustav Adolf", Miranda, Salvador. Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Florida International University Libraries
  2. ^ a b Catholic Hierarchy "Gustav Adolf Cardinal von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst"
  3. ^ "Maurus (Rudolf) Wolter", Portal Rheinische Geschichte
  4. ^ Knaplund, Paul. Letters from the Berlin Embassy: Selections from the Private Correspondence of British Representatives at Berlin and Foreign Secretary Lord Granville, 1871-1874, 1880-1885, USGPO, 1944, p. 59, n.41
  5. ^ Lehner, Ulrich L., "Prurient History", First Things, March 2020
  6. ^ Vatican City website "Teutonic Cemetery" Archived 2012-09-23 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
  7. ^ "Obituary — Sir Moses Ezekiel". American Art News. March 31, 1917. p. 4.
  8. ^ Gibbs, Christopher H. and Gooley, Dana. Franz Liszt and His World, Princeton University Press, 2010, p. 423, n.5 ISBN 9781400828616
  9. ^ A. Walker: Franz Liszt, The final years, 1861-1886. (p.26v)