Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area
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Toronto has a large Italian Canadian community, with 30.3 per cent of the ethnic Italians in Canada living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) as of 2021.[1] Toronto is home to the fourth largest population of people of Italian descent after Buenos Aires, São Paulo and New York City, respectively. As of the Canada 2021 Census, there were 468,970 Italian Canadians located in the Greater Toronto Area, with 444,755 located within the Toronto CMA.[1][note 1]
Italian immigration to Toronto started as early as the mid 19th century. By 1860, over a dozen "Soldiers of fortune" and "men of letters" lived in Toronto. Italians arrived in Toronto in large numbers during the early 20th century, first settling in an area then known as The Ward, centred on University Avenue and College Street. By the 1920s, most Italians had moved west of Bathurst Street and the College-Clinton area had emerged as the city's major Little Italy. Italian immigration continued into the post-World War II era, where approximately 20,000 to 30,000 Italians immigrated to Canada each year between the early 1950s and the mid 1960s, many of the men working in the construction industry upon settling. In the late 1960s, the Italian economy experienced a period of growth and recovery, removing one of the primary incentives for emigration.
As early as 1961, the presence of new immigrants had already started changing Little Italy. Since the 1970s, Italian immigrants from Little Italy moved northward to Corso Italia on St. Clair Avenue West. Later in the 1970s and 80s, Italian immigrants moved to northwestern parts of the city such as Maple Leaf, Pelmo Park-Humberlea and Humber Summit. Subsequent migration followed the pattern of moving further northwest, to suburbs of Toronto, in particular, the York Region communities of Woodbridge in Vaughan and Nobleton in King, and the Peel Region community of Bolton in Caledon.
History
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Italian_labourers_in_Toronto.png/300px-Italian_labourers_in_Toronto.png)
The aforementioned "soldiers of fortune" and "men of letters" from Italy immigrated to Toronto prior to the 1850s. Toronto absorbed peddlers and craftspeople from northern Italy until the 1880s. By 1860, 17 Italians lived in Toronto. Additional tradespeople arrived by 1870. After the 1880s many came from northern Italy, with most being from Genoa. The occupations tended to be craftspeople, service tradespeople, and peddlers.[2] When Italians arrived in Toronto in large numbers during the early 20th century, most first settled in The Ward.[2] By the 1920s, most Italians had moved west of Bathurst Street and the College-Clinton area had emerged as the city's major Little Italy.[2][3] They mainly immigrated to Toronto—increasing from 4,900 Italians in 1911, to 9,000 in 1921, constituting almost two per cent of Toronto's population.[3] Approximately 40,000 Italians came to Canada during the interwar period, predominantly from southern Italy where an economic depression and overpopulation had left many families in poverty.[4]
Italian immigration continued into the post-World War II era, where approximately 20,000 to 30,000 Italians immigrated to Canada each year between the early 1950s and the mid 1960s.[4] By the 1960s, more than 15,000 Italian men worked in Toronto's construction industry, representing one third of all construction workers in the city at that time.[4] 90 per cent of the Italians who immigrated to Canada after World War II remained in Canada, and decades after that period, the community still had fluency in the Italian language.[5] During the 1950s and 1960s, the Italian community shaped Canada's Italian culinary culture as Italian restaurants began to emerge, as well as storefront supermarkets that expanded over time, such as Longo's.[6] In the late 1960s, the Italian economy experienced a period of growth and recovery, removing one of the primary incentives for emigration.[4]
The presence of new immigrants had already started changing Little Italy by 1961.[7] That year, 15,000 Italians, 12,000 being immigrants, lived in Little Italy (35 per cent of the population), declining to 8,000 in 1971, and further to 3,600 in 1991 (13 per cent of the population).[7] Since the 1970s, Italian immigrants from Little Italy moved northward to Corso Italia on St. Clair Avenue West.[7] One of the largest celebrations on St. Clair Avenue West was when Italy won the 1982 FIFA World Cup, which involved an estimated 300,000 fans, shutting the street down for nearly 20 blocks between Caledonia Road and Oakwood Avenue.[8] In 1981, about 35,000 Italians lived in this area, however, by 1991, had dropped to 20,000.[7] Much of the Italian population subsequently moved to the northwestern part of Metropolitan Toronto, and by 2001 the North York neighbourhoods of Maple Leaf,[9] Pelmo Park-Humberlea,[10] and Humber Summit[11] had the highest concentrations of Italian Canadians in the city, with 41.6 per cent, 40.4 per cent and 39.5 per cent respectively, but have been in decline since then.[12][13] Although the character of Toronto's two Italian enclaves (which later also included Palmerston-Little Italy and Corso Italia-Davenport) have several Italian restaurants and bakeries, the demographics of these neighbourhoods have changed drastically with a smaller Italian population than it had originally.
Later migration followed the aforementioned pattern of moving further northwest to the suburbs and semi-rural areas of Greater Toronto, in particular Woodbridge in Vaughan, Nobleton in King, and Bolton in Caledon.[12] By 2001, 79,835 Italian Canadians lived in Vaughan, accounting for 44.0 per cent of the population.[14] As the presence of new immigrants significantly bolstered the population, the concentration of Italian Canadians has steadily declined, with 85,030 Italian Canadians accounting for 26.5 per cent of the population in 2021.[15] In 2016, the Woodbridge district of Vaughan was home to 55,960 of these Italian Canadians, accounting for 53.5 per cent of the population—the largest ever recorded of a Canadian community.[16] In 2021, the concentration of Italian Canadians in Woodbridge decreased to 46.7 per cent,[17] while the concentration increased slightly in the rural community of Nobleton in King (3,120; 47.6 per cent), 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Woodbridge, as the community with the largest concentration of Italian Canadians.[18]
Demographics
[edit]Ethnicity
[edit]As of the 2021 census, 468,970 GTA residents stated they had Italian ancestry, comprising 7.1 percent of the area's population, marking a 8.3 percent decrease from the 511,680 population of the 2016 census.[1] The majority live in Toronto, with 167,460, (six percent of the population), while 145,695 live in York (12 percent of the population) — constituting for almost 70 percent of the GTA's population.
Census division | Population (1991)[19] | % of ethnic population (1991) | Population (1996)[20][21] | % of ethnic population (1996) | Population (2001)[22] | % of ethnic population (2001) | Population (2006)[23] | % of ethnic population (2006) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 212,665[note 2] | 9.4% | 203,220[note 3] | 8.5% | 185,230[note 4] | 7.5% | 180,660[note 5] | 7.3% |
York | 86,755 | 17.2% | 103,935 | 17.5% | 126,740 | 17.4% | 150,245 | 16.9% |
Peel | 67,585 | 9.2% | 78,765 | 9.2% | 85,020 | 8.6% | 93,200 | 8.1% |
Halton | 17,440 | 5.6% | 22,900 | 6.7% | 26,345 | 7.1% | 35,525 | 8.2% |
Durham | 16,610 | 4.1% | 21,250 | 4.6% | 25,235 | 5.0% | 31,200 | 5.6% |
Greater Toronto Area (total) | 401,055 | 9.1% | 430,070 | 9.3% | 448,570 | 8.9% | 490,830 | 8.9% |
Toronto CMA[note 1] | 387,655 | 10.1% | 414,310 | 9.8% | 429,380 | 9.2% | 466,155 | 9.2% |
Census division | Population (2011)[25] | % of ethnic population (2011) | Population (2016)[26] | % of ethnic population (2016) | Population (2021)[1] | % of ethnic population (2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 177,065[note 6] | 6.9% | 182,495[note 7] | 6.8% | 167,460[note 8] | 6.1% |
York | 159,950 | 15.6% | 159,465 | 14.5% | 145,695 | 12.5% |
Peel | 89,665 | 7.0% | 88,110 | 6.4% | 76,240 | 5.3% |
Halton | 40,495 | 8.2% | 44,695 | 8.3% | 43,970 | 7.5% |
Durham | 33,415 | 5.6% | 36,915 | 5.8% | 35,605 | 5.2% |
Greater Toronto Area (total) | 500,590 | 8.4% | 511,680 | 8.1% | 468,970 | 7.1% |
Toronto CMA[note 1] | 475,090 | 8.6% | 484,360 | 8.3% | 444,755 | 7.2% |
Census subdivision | Population (1991)[19] | % of ethnic population (1991) | Population (1996)[20] | % of ethnic population (1996) | Population (2001)[14] | % of ethnic population (2001) | Population (2006)[27] | % of ethnic population (2006) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaughan | 51,605 | 46.3% | 60,125 | 45.4% | 79,835 | 44.0% | 91,325 | 38.4% |
Mississauga | 42,630 | 9.2% | 47,365 | 8.7% | 48,035 | 7.9% | 49,025 | 7.4% |
Brampton | 20,610 | 8.8% | 24,345 | 9.1% | 25,775 | 8.0% | 28,850 | 6.7% |
Richmond Hill | 12,705 | 15.9% | 15,765 | 15.5% | 16,360 | 12.4% | 20,830 | 12.9% |
Markham | 11,395 | 7.4% | 12,160 | 7.0% | 11,830 | 5.7% | 14,110 | 5.4% |
Oshawa CMA | 9,770[note 9] | 4.1% | 11,675[note 10] | 4.4% | 13,990[note 11] | 4.8% | 18,225[note 12] | 5.6% |
Oakville | 7,775 | 6.8% | 10,615 | 8.3% | 12,280 | 8.6% | 15,195 | 9.2% |
Burlington | 6,325 | 4.9% | 7,715 | 5.6% | 9,520 | 6.4% | 11,430 | 7.0% |
Caledon | 4,345 | 12.4% | 7,055 | 17.7% | 11,215 | 22.3% | 15,330 | 27.0% |
Pickering | 3,615 | 5.3% | 4,970 | 6.3% | 5,820 | 6.7% | 6,100 | 7.0% |
King | 3,320 | 18.3% | 3,880 | 21.3% | 4,175 | 22.6% | 5,105 | 26.3% |
Newmarket | 2,505 | 5.5% | 4,250 | 7.4% | 5,825 | 9.0% | 6,705 | 9.1% |
Ajax | 2,380 | 4.2% | 3,370 | 5.2% | 3,990 | 5.4% | 4,805 | 5.4% |
Milton | 2,085 | 6.5% | 2,470 | 7.7% | 2,355 | 7.6% | 4,730 | 8.9% |
Aurora | 1,915 | 6.5% | 3,605 | 10.3% | 4,030 | 10.1% | 5,455 | 11.6% |
Whitchurch-Stouffville | 1,320 | 7.2% | 1,440 | 7.3% | 1,500 | 6.9% | 2,880 | 12.0% |
Halton Hills | 1,255 | 3.4% | 2,095 | 4.9% | 2,195 | 4.6% | 4,165 | 7.5% |
Georgina | 1,075 | 3.6% | 1,610 | 4.6% | 2,105 | 5.4% | 2,200 | 5.3% |
East Gwillimbury | 875 | 4.8% | 1,090 | 5.5% | 1,085 | 5.4% | 1,605 | 7.8% |
Uxbridge | 405 | 2.9% | 525 | 3.3% | 660 | 3.8% | 1,100 | 5.8% |
Scugog | 360 | 2.0% | 510 | 2.7% | 630 | 3.2% | 675 | 3.2% |
Brock | 70 | 0.6% | 300 | 2.6% | 155 | 1.3% | 300 | 2.6% |
Census subdivision | Population (2011)[28] | % of ethnic population (2011) | Population (2016)[15] | % of ethnic population (2016) | Population (2021)[1] | % of ethnic population (2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaughan | 94,970 | 33.2% | 94,725[note 13] | 31.1% | 85,030[note 14] | 26.5% |
Mississauga | 46,101 | 6.5% | 44,840 | 6.3% | 38,075 | 5.3% |
Brampton | 27,780 | 5.3% | 25,185 | 4.3% | 20,535 | 3.2% |
Richmond Hill | 21,570 | 11.7% | 19,210 | 9.9% | 16,125 | 8.0% |
Oshawa CMA | 20,265[note 15] | 5.8% | 22,870[note 16] | 6.1% | 22,745[note 17] | 5.5% |
Oakville | 16,970 | 9.4% | 16,900 | 8.8% | 15,315 | 7.2% |
Caledon | 15,875 | 26.9% | 18,095[note 18] | 27.3% | 17,630[note 19] | 23.2% |
Markham | 13,130 | 4.4% | 12,060 | 3.7% | 9,515 | 2.8% |
Burlington | 12,755 | 7.4% | 14,235 | 7.9% | 15,545 | 8.5% |
Newmarket | 7,880 | 10.0% | 8,045 | 9.7% | 7,405 | 8.6% |
Aurora | 6,795 | 13.0% | 6,835 | 12.5% | 6,315 | 10.3% |
Milton | 6,530 | 7.8% | 8,345 | 7.7% | 7,620 | 5.8% |
King | 6,340 | 32.1% | 8,405[note 20] | 34.5% | 9,555[note 21] | 35.1% |
Pickering | 6,065 | 6.9% | 5,940 | 6.5% | 5,570 | 5.7% |
Ajax | 5,405 | 5.0% | 5,390 | 4.5% | 4,320 | 3.4% |
Whitchurch-Stouffville | 4,680 | 12.6% | 5,325 | 11.7% | 5,005 | 10.1% |
Halton Hills | 4,245 | 7.3% | 5,215 | 8.7% | 5,490 | 8.8% |
Georgina | 2,880 | 6.7% | 2,815 | 6.3% | 3,465 | 7.4% |
East Gwillimbury | 1,695 | 7.7% | 2,045 | 8.7% | 3,270 | 9.6% |
Uxbridge | 845 | 4.1% | 1,205 | 5.7% | 1,620 | 7.6% |
Scugog | 620 | 2.9% | 1,035 | 4.9% | 915 | 4.3% |
Brock | 215 | 1.9% | 470 | 4.1% | 425 | 3.5% |
Riding | Population (2016)[15] | % of ethnic population (2016) | Population (2021)[1] | % of ethnic population (2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vaughan—Woodbridge | 55,960 | 53.5% | 49,660 | 46.7% |
King—Vaughan | 40,955 | 31.2% | 39,040 | 26.5% |
Dufferin—Caledon | 22,020 | 17.3% | 22,110 | 15.6% |
Etobicoke Centre | 17,545 | 15.1% | 16,515 | 14.1% |
York South—Weston | 14,710 | 12.8% | 12,680 | 11.0% |
Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill | 14,160 | 12.4% | 11,740 | 10.0% |
York Centre | 13,880 | 13.4% | 12,610 | 11.8% |
Humber River—Black Creek | 13,800 | 12.8% | 11,335 | 10.2% |
Oakville North—Burlington | 12,260 | 9.6% | 12,205 | 8.3% |
Newmarket—Aurora | 11,955 | 10.3% | 11,120 | 8.9% |
Davenport | 11,875 | 11.1% | N/A | N/A |
Etobicoke—Lakeshore | 11,545 | 9.1% | 12,230 | 8.7% |
Mississauga—Lakeshore | 10,565 | 9.1% | N/A | N/A |
York—Simcoe | 10,085 | 9.9% | 13,000 | 10.6% |
Language and immigration
[edit]As of 2021, of the 468,970 Italians in the GTA, 89,380 are Italian born immigrants,[34] with 128,420 claiming Italian as their mother tongue.[35]
Census division | Population (1991)[36] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (1991) |
Population (1996)[37] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (1996) |
Population (2001)[38] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (2001) |
Population (2006)[39] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (2006) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 115,660 | 15.4% | 114,095 | 11.5% | 99,230 | 9.0% | 85,055 | 7.3% |
York | 40,915 | 32.7% | 49,040 | 25.5% | 57,535 | 20.9% | 60,800 | 15.6% |
Peel | 26,875 | 14.9% | 31,465 | 11.4% | 30,995 | 8.4% | 30,920 | 6.1% |
Halton | 4,600 | 12.5% | 5,835 | 12.5% | 6,050 | 11.0% | 7,120 | 8.8% |
Durham | 4,685 | 12.8% | 6,110 | 12.8% | 6,385 | 11.9% | 6,825 | 9.7% |
Greater Toronto Area (total) | 192,735 | 17.7% | 206,545 | 14.7% | 200,195 | 12.2% | 190,720 | 9.5% |
Toronto CMA | 218,120[40] | 17.3% | 202,440[40] | 13.3% | 195,960[41] | 10.8% | N/A | N/A |
Census division | Population (2011)[42] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (2011) |
Population (2016)[43] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (2016) |
Population (2021)[35] | % of non-official language mother tongue speakers (2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 71,725 | 6.2% | 62,640 | 5.3% | 50,995 | 4.4% |
York | 58,305 | 12.6% | 54,685 | 10.3% | 46,270 | 8.3% |
Peel | 27,015 | 4.7% | 24,420 | 3.9% | 19,795 | 3.0% |
Halton | 7,215 | 6.9% | 7,060 | 5.2% | 6,150 | 3.7% |
Durham | 6,265 | 8.2% | 6,140 | 6.2% | 5,210 | 4.2% |
Greater Toronto Area (total) | 183,200 | 7.7% | 154,945 | 6.2% | 128,420 | 4.8% |
Toronto CMA | 166,415 | 7.2% | 151,415 | 6.0% | 125,895 | 4.8% |
Census division | Population (2011)[25] | % of immigrants (2011) | Population (2016)[44] | % of immigrants (2016) | Population (2021)[34] | % of immigrants (2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toronto | 53,485 | 4.3% | 45,515 | 3.6% | 37,705 | 2.9% |
York | 38,100 | 8.2% | 36,040 | 7.0% | 31,305 | 5.6% |
Peel | 17,780 | 2.7% | 16,575 | 2.3% | 13,525 | 1.8% |
Durham | 3,955 | 2.6% | 3,860 | 2.6% | 3,295 | 1.8% |
Halton | 3,780 | 2.9% | 3,785 | 2.4% | 3,550 | 1.8% |
Greater Toronto Area (total) | 117,100 | 4.5% | 105,775 | 3.8% | 89,380 | 3.0% |
Toronto CMA[note 22] | 115,060 | 4.5% | 103,620 | 3.8% | 87,875 | 3.1% |
Media
[edit]Italian newspapers, television, and radio have existed throughout Toronto's history.[5] Son to Italian immigrants, Johnny Lombardi was born in The Ward in 1915, and went on to found one of the first multilingual radio stations in Canada, CHIN in 1966, in Palmerston-Little Italy.[48][49]
Notable residents
[edit]![]() |
- Jimi Bertucci
- Alessia Cara[50][51]
- Michael Cera[52]
- Philip de Grassi (imperial officer of the United Kingdom army)[2]
- James Forneri (professor of Modern Languages from the University of Toronto) - Originated from the Piedmont[2]
- Johnny Lombardi
- Franceso Rossi (Toronto's first confectioner)[2]
- Daniela Sanzone
The Italian Walk of Fame acknowledges ethnic Italians. It is located in Little Italy.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c Unlike the Greater Toronto Area, the Toronto CMA does not include the Halton municipality of Burlington, and some Durham municipalities, those being Scugog and Brock, as well as those within the Oshawa CMA (Oshawa, Whitby, and Clarington). It does, however, include some municipalities outside the Greater Toronto Area, those being the Dufferin County municipalities of Mono and Orangeville, and the Simcoe County municipalities of Bradford West Gwillimbury and New Tecumseth. The Greater Toronto Area, comprises the whole of the Regional Municipality of York, Regional Municipality of Durham, Regional Municipality of Halton, Regional Municipality of Peel and the City of Toronto.
- ^ Includes pre-amalgamated Metropolitan Toronto: North York (83,710, 14.9% of total population), Old Toronto (38,960, 6.1% of total population), Etobicoke (36,660, 11.8% of total population), Scarborough (26,160, 5.0% of total population), York (22,795, 16.3% of total population), East York (4,380, 4.3% of total population)
- ^ Includes pre-amalgamated Metropolitan Toronto: North York (79,745, 13.5% of total population), Old Toronto (37,295, 5.7% of total population), Etobicoke (35,660, 10.9% of total population), Scarborough (25,045, 4.5% of total population), York (20,365, 13.9% of total population), East York (5,115, 4.7% of total population)
- ^ Includes post-amalgamated Metropolitan Toronto. The top concentrations of Italian Canadians in Toronto neighbourhoods: Maple Leaf (41.6%), Pelmo Park-Humberlea (40.4%), Humber Summit (39.5%), Yorkdale-Glen Park (39.3%), Rustic (31.8%), Corso Italia-Davenport (30.2%), Downsview (28.7%), Humber Heights-Westmount (23.8%), Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview (22.8%), Glenfield-Jane Heights (22.1%), Caledonia–Fairbank (20.5%), Thistletown–Beaumond Heights (20.0%), Humbermede (19.9%), York University Heights (18.8%), Briar Hill–Belgravia (18.2%), Keelesdale-Eglinton West (17.9%), Brookhaven-Amesbury (17.2%), Beechborough–Greenbrook (16.5%), Alderwood (14.8%), Kingsview Village (14.5%), Palmerston-Little Italy (14.3%), Elms–Old Rexdale (14.3%), Weston–Pelham Park (13.0%), Humber Valley Village (13.0%), Bathurst Manor (13.0%), Danforth (13.0%), Princess–Rosethorn, Oakwood Village (12.5%), (12.1%), Wychwood (11.7%) Clanton Park (11.5%), Rexdale–Kipling (11.0%), Eringate-Centennial-West Deane (10.6%), Weston (10.3%), Pleasant View (10.0%)[24]
- ^ The top concentrations of Italian Canadians in Toronto neighbourhoods: Maple Leaf (44.8%), Humber Summit (34.5%), Pelmo Park-Humberlea (34.2%), Yorkdale-Glen Park (33.6%), Rustic (31.1%), Downsview (30.6%), Corso Italia-Davenport (27.6%), Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview (20.4%), Humber Heights-Westmount (20.4%), Glenfield-Jane Heights (18.5%), Oakwood Village (16.8%), York University Heights (16.7%), Caledonia–Fairbank (16.4%), Thistletown–Beaumond Heights (16.2%), Palmerston-Little Italy (15.5%), Keelesdale-Eglinton West (15.4%), Humber Valley Village (15.0%), Clanton Park (14.9%), Briar Hill–Belgravia (14.8%), Humbermede (14.4%), Brookhaven-Amesbury (14.2%), Weston–Pelham Park (14.0%), Princess–Rosethorn (13.9%), Kingsview Village (13.3%), Elms–Old Rexdale (13.6%), Beechborough–Greenbrook (13.5%), Alderwood (12.8%), Danforth (12.4%), Eringate-Centennial-West Deane (11.8%), Weston (11.5%), Wychwood (11.1%)[24]
- ^ The top concentrations of Italian Canadians in Toronto neighbourhoods: Maple Leaf (34.8%), Pelmo Park-Humberlea (34.0%), Humber Summit (30.2%), Yorkdale-Glen Park (28.2%), Downsview (26.3%), Rustic (24.3%), Humber Heights-Westmount (23.2%), Corso Italia-Davenport (19.9%), Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview (19.2%), Oakwood Village (15.6%), Humber Valley Village (15.2%), York University Heights (14.6%), Glenfield-Jane Heights (14.6%), Princess–Rosethorn (14.4%), Kingsview Village (13.8%), Brookhaven-Amesbury (13.4%), Beechborough–Greenbrook (13.3%), Elms–Old Rexdale (12.9%), Thistletown–Beaumond Heights (12.1%), Clanton Park (12.0%), Kingsway South (11.7%), Caledonia–Fairbank (11.4%), Humbermede (11.3%), Palmerston-Little Italy (11.2%), Rexdale–Kipling (11.2%), Briar Hill–Belgravia (11.0%), Bathurst Manor (10.3%)[24]
- ^ The top concentrations of Italian Canadians in Toronto neighbourhoods: Maple Leaf (35.2%), Yorkdale-Glen Park (27.4%), Pelmo Park-Humberlea (26.6%), Humber Summit (24.0%), Rustic (22.6%), Downsview (23.4%), Humber Heights-Westmount (21.0%), Corso Italia-Davenport (20.7%), Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview (19.3%), Princess–Rosethorn (17.7%), Humber Valley Village (16.7%), Oakwood Village (14.8%), Glenfield-Jane Heights (14.1%), Caledonia–Fairbank (12.8%), York University Heights (12.5%), Kingsview Village (12.4%), Brookhaven-Amesbury (12.2%), Danforth (12.0%), Palmerston-Little Italy (11.7%), Briar Hill–Belgravia (11.6%), Kingsway South (11.6%), Eringate-Centennial-West Deane (11.5%), Thistletown–Beaumond Heights (11.3%), Bathurst Manor (11.2%), Rexdale–Kipling (10.8%), Clanton Park (10.4%), Humbermede (10.4%), Stonegate–Queensway (10.4%), Weston–Pelham Park (10.1%)[24]
- ^ The top concentrations of Italian Canadians in Toronto neighbourhoods: Maple Leaf (30.3%), Yorkdale-Glen Park (23.0%), Downsview (22.3%), Pelmo Park-Humberlea (22.1%), Humber Summit (21.5%), Rustic (21.4%), Humber Heights-Westmount (19.9%), Willowridge-Martingrove-Richview (18.7%), Princess–Rosethorn (17.1%), Corso Italia-Davenport (16.7%), Humber Valley Village (16.6%), Oakdale-Beverley Heights (15.8%), Glenfield-Jane Heights (12.6%), Glenfield-Jane Heights (12.6%), Kingsway South (12.2%), Thistletown–Beaumond Heights (11.8%), Palmerston-Little Italy (11.7%), Alderwood (11.6%), Kingsview Village (10.7%), Oakwood Village (10.7%), Runnymede–Bloor West Village (10.5%), Danforth (10.3%), Eringate-Centennial-West Deane (10.0%), Islington (10.0%)[24]
- ^ Includes Oshawa (5,060, 3.9% of total population), Whitby (2,960, 4.8% of total population), and Clarington (1,750, 3.5% of total population).
- ^ Includes Oshawa (5,335, 4.0% of total population), Whitby (4,175, 5.7% of total population), and Clarington (2,165, 3.6% of total population).
- ^ Includes Oshawa (6,050, 4.3% of total population), Whitby (5,350, 6.2% of total population), and Clarington (2,590, 3.8% of total population).
- ^ Includes Oshawa (6,850, 4.9% of total population), Whitby (7,515, 6.8% of total population), and Clarington (3,850, 5.0% of total population).
- ^ A location to note within Vaughan, is the community of Woodbridge, which has the single largest concentration of Italian Canadians in Canada (55,960, 53.5% of total population).[16]
- ^ A location to note within Vaughan, is the community of Woodbridge (49,660, 46.7% of total population).[17]
- ^ Includes Whitby (9,405, 7.5% of total population), Oshawa (7,400, 5.0% of total population), and Clarington (3,825, 4.6% of total population).
- ^ Includes Whitby (9,385, 7.4% of total population), Oshawa (8,705, 5.5% of total population), and Clarington (4,775, 5.2% of total population).
- ^ Includes Whitby (8,790, 6.4% of total population), Oshawa (8,635, 5.0% of total population), and Clarington (5,320, 5.3% of total population).
- ^ A location to note within Caledon, is the population centre of Bolton (11,900, 45.5% of total population).[29]
- ^ A location to note within Caledon, is the population centre of Bolton (11,480; 43.4% of total population).[30]
- ^ Two locations to note within King, is the population centre of Nobleton (2,170, 46.8% of total population)[31] and the population centre of Schomberg (1,085; 39.5%).[32]
- ^ Two locations to note within King, is the population centre of Nobleton, which has the single largest concentration of Italian Canadians in Canada (3,120; 47.6% of total population)[18] and the population centre of Schomberg (810; 31.2%).[33]
- ^ 159,225 (12.9%) in 1986;[45] 154,670 (10.5%) in 1991;[45] 146,515 (8.3%) in 1996;[45] 138,995 (6.8%) in 2001;[46] 130,685 (5.6%) in 2006[47]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Zucchi, p. 36.
- ^ a b Sturino, Franc (1990). Forging the chain: a case study of Italian migration to North America, 2000-1930. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. p. 168. ISBN 0-919045-45-6.
- ^ a b c d "History - Pier 21". www.pier21.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
- ^ a b Stanger-Ross, p. 30.
- ^ "Canada's Italian culinary culture". themedium.ca. March 8, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Jordan Stanger-Ross (2010). Staying Italian: Urban Change and Ethnic Life in Postwar Toronto and Philadelphia (Historical Studies of Urban America). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226770765.
- ^ "Historicist: Taking It to the Streets". torontoist.com. June 21, 2014.
- ^ "2001 Neighborhood Profile Maple Leaf" (PDF). City of Toronto. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "2001 Neighborhood Profile Pelmo Park-Humberlea" (PDF). City of Toronto. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "2001 Neighborhood Profile Humber Summit" (PDF). City of Toronto. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ a b "The littlest Little Italy slowly fades away". theglobeandmail.com. 26 August 2005.
- ^ Perin, Roberto (York University). "Staying Italian: Urban Change and Ethnic Life in Post-war Toronto and Philadelphia." Urban History, 12/2010, Volume 37, Issue 3. Cited: p. 493. "[...]whereas in Toronto, Little Italy became a jumping-off point: houses were later purchased in the northwestern part of the city and beyond, notably in the famous or infamous ‘ethnoburb’ of Vaughan."
- ^ a b "Census Subdivisions". Statistics Canada.
- ^ a b c "Census subdivisions with 5,000-plus population". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-11. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ a b "Census Profile, 2016 Census Woodbridge-Vaughan". Statistics Canada. 2016. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ a b "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table". Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ a b "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table". Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1993-06-01). "1991 Census of Canada: Data tables – Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1991 Census (20% Sample Data)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1998-02-17). "1996 Census of Canada: Data tables – Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2019-08-12. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ "English title / Titre en anglais". Archived from the original on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2016-09-24. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ a b c d e "Neighborhood Profiles". City of Toronto. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2017-10-28. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
- ^ "Census Subdivisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2016-09-26. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Census Subdivisions". Statistics Canada.
- ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Bolton [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table". Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ a b "Immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". Statistics Canada. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ a b "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. August 17, 2017. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ a b Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages Archived 2021-03-22 at the Wayback Machine, 1996 Census of Canada
- ^ Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages Archived 2021-03-22 at the Wayback Machine, 2001 Census of Canada
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada.
- ^ "Census Divisions". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-01-11. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ a b c Immigrant Population by Selected Places of Birth (84) and Sex (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1986-1996 Censuses (20% Sample Data) Archived 2021-03-22 at the Wayback Machine, 1996 Census of Canada
- ^ Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada Archived 2021-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, provinces and territories - 20% sample data, 2001 Census of Canada
- ^ Topic-based tabulations|Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations - 20% sample data Archived 2018-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, 2006 Census of Canada
- ^ "Media legend Johnny Lombardi dies at 86". CTV News. 19 March 2002. Archived from the original on 2005-12-04. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
Prime Minister Jean Chretien praised Lombardi's accomplishments upon hearing of his death. "I think he's done a lot to establish multiculturalism in Toronto and he will be missed by a lot of people," Chretien said.
- ^ "Johnny Lombardi". www.chinradio.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
- ^ Thurmond, Alexandra (May 2015). "Sound Scout: Alessia Cara is the 18-year-old Singer-Songwriter We Cant Get Enough Of". Teen Vogue. Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ Nostro, Lauren (2015-07-10). "Alessia Cara Interview". Ca.complex.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
- ^ "Cera proud to be Brampton's most-famous resident". Toronto Star. 2008-10-03. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
Further reading
[edit]- Harney, Nicholas DeMaria. Eh, Paesan!: Being Italian in Toronto (Volume 12 of Anthropological horizons). University of Toronto Press, 1998. ISBN 0802080995, 9780802080998. See preview at Google Books.
- Lynde, Beverly Doris. A Study of Food Habits of Italians in Toronto. University of Toronto, 1977. See profile at Google Books.
- Harney, Nicholas DeMaria. "Ethnicity, Social Organization, and Urban Space: A Comparison of Italians in Toronto and Montreal" (Chapter 6). In: Sloan, Joanne (editor). Urban Enigmas: Montreal, Toronto, and the Problem of Comparing Cities (Volume 2 of Culture of Cities). McGill-Queen's Press (MQUP), January 1, 2007. ISBN 0773577076, 9780773577077. Start p. 178.
- Stanger-Ross, Jordan. Staying Italian: Urban Change and Ethnic Life in Postwar Toronto and Philadelphia (Historical Studies of Urban America). University of Chicago Press, January 15, 2010. ISBN 0226770761, 9780226770765.
- Zucchi, John E. Italians in Toronto: Development of a National Identity, 1875-1935 (Volume 3 of McGill-Queen's studies in ethnic history, ISSN 0846-8869). McGill-Queen's Press, 1990. ISBN 0773507825, 9780773507821.