John Comaroff
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|
John Comaroff | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1 January 1945 |
| Alma mater | University of Cape Town London School of Economics |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Anthropology |
| Institutions | Harvard University |
| Doctoral advisor | Isaac Schapera |
| Part of a series on |
| Political and legal anthropology |
|---|
| Social and cultural anthropology |
John L. Comaroff (born 1 January 1945)[1] is a retired professor of African and African American Studies and of anthropology. He is recognized for his study of African and African-American society. Comaroff and his wife, anthropologist Jean Comaroff, have collaborated on publications examining post-colonialism and the Tswana people of South Africa. He has written several texts describing his research and has presented peer-reviewed anthropological theories of African cultures that have relevance to understanding global society.
In 2020, Comaroff was placed on paid administrative leave from his position at Harvard University after allegations of sexual harassment. In January 2022 he was placed on unpaid leave before resuming teaching in September.[2] In 2023, a student lawsuit against Harvard for inadequately responding to the allegations moved to mediation before being settled in 2024. The same year, Comaroff retired from Harvard without emeritus status.[3][4]
Early life and education
[edit] | This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. (September 2017) |
Comaroff was born in Cape Town, South Africa, the only child of Jane Miller Comaroff and Louis (sometimes known as Lionel) Comaroff. His father's family was from Ukraine: his grandfather migrated in the early 1890s from Ukraine to England, and his father, Louis, was born in Rhodesia.[5] Comaroff's mother's family migrated to South Africa from Lithuania in the early 1900s.[5]
Comaroff was the first person in his family to attend University. He attended the University of Cape Town, where he developed his interest in anthropology. In his second year at the university, he met his classmate and future wife, Jean. They completed their bachelor's degrees and part of their Honors year at the University of Cape Town. The second part of their Honors year was completed at the London School of Economics.
Career
[edit]Comaroff has conducted most of his field research in South Africa. From 1969 to 1970 he spent 19 months studying society, culture, politics, and law among the Barolong boo Ratshidi, part of the Tswana chiefdoms along the South Africa-Botswana Borderland. From 1972 to 1973, he went back to the Mafeking District, of the Barolong boo Ratshidi, for supplementary research on society and culture for filming Heal the Whole Man, which looks at healing and other religious practices of the Barolong boo Ratshidi. He then focused his research on the social and cultural aspects of economic development of the Barolong in Botswana for 15 months in 1974 and 1975. From 1977 to 1978 for three months, he focused on this group again but looked at the rise of agrarian capitalism. During the summers of 1990–1998, Comaroff returned to South Africa to conduct research in various places such as Bophuthatswana, better known as the North West Province. From 1999 to 2001, he again studied in the North West Province, looking at occult-related violence. He researched this topic for 15 months. Then from 2002 to 2001, he studied crime and policing in this area. During 2005–2010 he researched the Tswana and San people and how ethnic identity and cultural property are becoming commoditised.
Comaroff joined the American Bar Foundation in 1991 as a research fellow until 2012. He is no longer an affiliated scholar at the American Bar Foundation.
Since 2009, Comaroff has worked on the project Ethnicity Inc., follow-up research being conducted in connection with the Comaroffs' book Ethnicity Inc. The project focuses on why ethnic groups have become increasingly like corporations, why culture has become more like intellectual property, and what about the contemporary world has made it that way.[5]
The Comaroffs published a book, Theory from the South, based on research conducted in South Africa.
John and Jean Comaroff spent 34 years teaching at the University of Chicago. In 2012, he and Jean Comaroff took teaching positions at Harvard University.
Research interests
[edit]Witchcraft has been a topic of interest for the Comaroffs since 1969. The Comaroffs became particularly interested in this phenomenon after they returned to South Africa in the 1990s, shortly after apartheid had ended in South Africa.
Global capitalism also serves as a topic of interest for both Comaroffs. They published Ethnicity Inc. (2009), which focuses specifically on the topic of global capitalism. They have also expressed an interest in the concept of lawfare, specifically how the law has been used to inflict violence indirectly by using the law to benefit oneself at the expense of others. This concept is used in their book Law and Disorder in the Postcolony (2006) in an analytical sense.
In their book, Of Revelation and Revolution, the Comaroffs look closely at hegemony. Their definition states, "We take hegemony to refer to that order of signs and practices, relations and distinctions, images and epistemologies – drawn from a historically situated cultural field – that come to be taken for granted for as the natural and received shape of the world"(Comaroff, 1991).
Comaroff has also been a lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Wales (1971–1972), University College of Swansea (1971–1972), and the University of Manchester (1972–1978). He was also a visiting professor at the University of California Riverside (1981–1982), Duke University (1989), Tel Aviv University (2000), University of Basel (2005), and the University of Vienna (2007). Additionally, Comaroff was an Honorary Senior Fellow at the University of Manchester in the International Centre for Contemporary Cultural Research (1994–1995) and in the Department of Social Anthropology (1996–1998). In 1988 and 1995 he was an Associate Director of Studies in Paris. Furthermore, Comaroff was a visiting scholar at the Center for Modern Oriental Studies in Berlin (1998) and a visiting fellow at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advance Study in South Africa (2010 and 2011). Since 2004, John Comaroff has been an Honorary Professor at the University of Cape Town.[citation needed]
Sexual harassment allegations
[edit]A May 2020 investigation by The Harvard Crimson determined that several students had raised concerns with the university's Title IX office, making allegations of "unwanted touching, verbal sexual harassment, and professional retaliation" against Comaroff.[6][7] University administrators initially placed Comaroff on "paid administrative leave" in August 2020 amid a review of the allegations.
The investigation concluded in January 2022, and based on the findings, Harvard placed Comaroff on unpaid leave.[8] The investigation did not substantiate the allegations of "unwanted sexual contact", but found Comaroff responsible for "verbal sexual harassment". Comaroff's lawyers denied the allegation that "he told the student she 'would be raped' when traveling. They wrote in a statement to the Chronicle that he 'did raise the risks of fieldwork, but not out of prurient interest.'"[9] His legal team argued that this was a mere ethical warning that was misconstrued as sexual harassment and characterized Harvard's investigation as a "kangaroo court process".[9] In support of Comaroff, 38 Harvard scholars signed an open letter condemning the sanctions and review process. 73 other Harvard faculty reacted to the letter with another open letter, criticizing their colleagues for defending Comaroff too quickly without knowing the details of the internal investigation.[10]
On February 8, 2022, three students initiated a lawsuit against Harvard University, challenging the results of the Title IX investigation and claiming that Harvard had failed to respond to years of sexual harassment allegations against Comaroff.[11] They also claimed that Comaroff had "threatened retaliation against them".[12] One student detailed in the lawsuit the alleged nature of the verbal sexual harassment, claiming that Comaroff had, with a "tone of enjoyment", described how she might be forced into "corrective rape".[11][13] The student alleged that this was only part of a broader pattern of physical sexual harassment, of which Harvard's investigation failed to find sufficient evidence.[11]
As the details of the lawsuit came out, many Harvard scholars who had signed the original letter in support of Comaroff retracted their signatures. As of February 9, 35 of the original 38 professors had retracted their signatures, and released a statement admitting they "were lacking full information about the case" and that they agreed with the counter-letter.[11][14][15]
After Comaroff returned from administrative leave, on September 6, 2022, students walked out of his classroom before the first lecture of the semester was to begin. The Harvard Graduate Students Union then staged a protest outside the building, criticizing Harvard's decision to not fire Comaroff. They also circulated a petition demanding that Harvard be more transparent about how it conducted sexual harassment investigations and decided upon sanctions.[16] Comaroff faced a similar walkout and protest at his first class of January 2023.[17]
In 2023, the lawsuit was moved to closed mediation. In 2024, the students and university settled the case. John and Jean Comaroff both retired from Harvard that year, but said their retirement was unrelated to the case.[3][4]
Awards
[edit]- Oppenheimer Research Scholar at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA.[18]
Bibliography
[edit]- Comaroff, J. & Comaroff J. (1991). Of Revelation and Revolution Volume 1: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Illinois, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2006). Law and Disorder in the Postcolony. Illinois, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2009). Ethnicity Inc. Illinois, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2011). Theory from the South: Or, How Euro-America is Evolving Toward Africa. Colorado, Boulder: Paradigm.
- Comaroff, John L., & Roberts, S. (1986). Rules and Processes: The Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African Context. Illinois, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Comaroff, J., Comaroff, J., & James, D. (2007). Picturing a Colonial Past: The African Photographs of Isaac Schapera. Illinois, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Europa Publications, International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004 (Routledge, 2003: ISBN 1-85743-179-0), p. 111.
- ^ Kim, Ariel H.; Xu, Meimei (21 January 2022). "Harvard Anthropology Prof. John Comaroff Placed on Leave Following Sexual Harassment, Professional Misconduct Inquiries". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ^ a b Robinson, Tilly R. (2 August 2024). "Embattled Harvard Professor John Comaroff Retires Without Emeritus Status". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (15 August 2024). "Harvard Settles Lawsuit Over Claims of Sexual Harassment by a Professor". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Comaroff, Jean (2009). Ethnicity, Inc. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-11472-9.
- ^ Bikales, James (29 May 2020). "Protected by Decades-Old Power Structures, Three Renowned Harvard Anthropologists Face Allegations of Sexual Harassment". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ Gluckman, Nell (25 August 2020). "The Patron". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Gluckman, Nell (20 January 2022). "Harvard Professor Is Put on Unpaid Leave After University Finds He Violated Sex-Harassment Rules". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ a b Cho, Isabelle B.; Kim, Ariel H. (4 February 2022). "38 Harvard Faculty Sign Open Letter Questioning Results of Misconduct Investigations into Prof. John Comaroff". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ Brown, Vincent A.; Johnson, Alison F.; Weld, Kirsten A. (8 February 2022). "A Response Letter from 73 Faculty Members". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d Hartocollis, Anemona (8 February 2022). "A Lawsuit Accuses Harvard of Ignoring Sexual Harassment by a Professor". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ Gluckman, Nell (8 February 2022). "3 Women Accused a Harvard Anthropologist of Harassment and Retaliation. Now They're Suing". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ Folmar, Chloe (8 February 2022). "Harvard accused of ignoring sexual harassment in new suit". The Hill. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Kim, Ariel H.; Xu, Meimei (10 February 2022). "35 Harvard Professors Retract Support for Letter Questioning Results of Comaroff Investigations". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ Krantz, Laura (8 February 2022). "Three graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ Cho, Isabella B.; Kim, Ariel H.; Xu, Meimei (7 September 2022). "Harvard Grad Student Union Protests Comaroff's Return to Teaching After Sexual Harassment Findings". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ Boit, Darley A.C.; Hamid, Rahem D.; Schisgall, Elias J. (25 January 2023). "More than 100 Students Walk Out of Embattled Harvard Professor Comaroff's First Class of Semester". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ "John Comaroff". Harvard Department of Anthropology. Harvard University. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
