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Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan (内大臣, Naidaijin) was an administrative post not of Cabinet rank in the government of the Empire of Japan, responsible for being a direct, personal advisor to the emperor, and keeping the Privy Seal of Japan and State Seal of Japan among other things.

The modern office of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal was identical to the old Naidaijin only in name and should not be confused.[1] The office was abolished in 1945 after World War II.

History

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Meiji period

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The modern office of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal was formed in 1885 after the Meiji government established the Japanese cabinet; however, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal was separate from the cabinet and acted as a direct, personal advisor to the Emperor. He was also responsible for the administration of imperial documents such as rescripts and edicts. Petitions to the emperor and the court were also handled by the Lord Keeper's office, as well as the responses.

In 1907, the post was expanded to become the Office of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (内大臣府, Naidaijin-fu) with a chief secretary, three secretaries, and six assistants to handle the increased workload with the passing of the genrō.

Shōwa period

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After the start of Emperor Hirohito's reign in 1925, the office and position of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal became increasingly important, at the expense of the office of the Prime Minister. Political infighting within the Diet of Japan further boosted the power of the Lord Keeper. The holder of this position could strictly control who was allowed to have an audience with the emperor and the flow of information.

The position and the office of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal were officially abolished on 24 November 1945.[2]

Today, the seals are kept in the care of the Chamberlain of Japan.

List of officeholders

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† died in office.

Portrait Name Term start Term end
Prince
Sanjō Sanetomi

三条 実美
(1837–1891)
22 December 1885 18 February 1891†
Marquis
Tokudaiji Sanetsune

徳大寺 実則
(1840–1919)
21 February 1891 12 August 1912
Prince
Katsura Tarō

桂 太郎
(1848–1913)
21 August 1912 21 December 1912
HIH
Prince Fushimi Sadanaru

伏見宮 貞愛親王
(1858–1923)
21 December 1912 13 January 1915
Prince
Ōyama Iwao

大山 巌
(1842–1916)
23 April 1915 10 December 1916†
Marquis
Matsukata Masayoshi

松方 正義
(1835–1924)
2 May 1917 18 September 1922
Viscount
Hirata Tōsuke

平田 東助
(1849–1925)
19 September 1922 30 March 1925
Viscount
Hamao Arata

浜尾 新
(1849–1925)
acting
(by the President of the Privy Council)
30 March 1925
Count
Makino Nobuaki

牧野 伸顕
(1861–1949)
30 March 1925 26 February 1935
Viscount
Saitō Makoto

斎藤 実
(1858–1936)
26 February 1935 26 February 1936†
Baron
Ichiki Kitokurō

一木 喜徳郎
(1867–1944)
acting
(by the President of the Privy Council)
6 March
Yuasa Kurahei
湯浅 倉平
(1874–1940)
6 March 1936 1 June 1940
Marquis
Kido Kōichi

木戸 幸一
(1889–1977)
1 June 1940 24 November 1945

See also

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Notes

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References

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  • Takenobu, Yoshitaro. (1928). The Japan Yearbook; Complete Cyclopaedia of General Information and Statistics on Japan and Japanese Territories. Tokyo: The Japan Year Book Office. OCLC 145151778
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