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Jackson Hinkle

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Jackson Hinkle
Hinkle in 2023
Born (1999-09-15) September 15, 1999 (age 25)
San Clemente, California, US
EducationSan Clemente High School
Saddleback College
Occupations
  • Social media influencer
  • political commentator
Years active2016–present
Organizations
  • Team Zissou Environmental Organization[1]
  • Institute for a Free America[2]
Known for
TelevisionLegitimate Targets with Jackson Hinkle
The Dive with Jackson Hinkle
Political party
Movement

Jackson Hinkle (born September 15, 1999)[7] is an American political commentator and influencer[8] who hosts the web television show Legitimate Targets with Jackson Hinkle on X (formerly Twitter). He is known for his support of Vladimir Putin in the Russo-Ukrainian War,[13] and for his opposition to Israel in the Gaza–Israel conflict.[16] Hinkle has dubbed himself an "American Conservative Marxist–Leninist",[17] while journalists have described him as conservative,[18][19] right-wing,[11][20] and far-right.[15][21] Promoting a syncretic mix of conservative and communist ideas, he is a self-described proponent of "MAGA communism", calling on those who support the working class to ally with the MAGA movement against an alleged globalist threat.[22][23] Initially an environmentalist during his high school years,[24] Hinkle has turned to promoting pro-fossil fuels stances in recent years.[17]

Journalists and fact checkers like Bellingcat have said that Hinkle has spread disinformation[26] and conspiracy theories.[28] He has been banned from a number of social media networks on grounds of disinformation.[21] His show, The Dive with Jackson Hinkle, was banned from Twitch for violating misinformation policies and propagating disinformation about the war in Ukraine, motivating its move to Rumble.[15][17] Since the start of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, his posts on X attracted virality,[15] with some described as disinformation in the war.[30] His posts and commentary have been cited by Russian and Iranian state media,[33] and he has appeared on Tucker Carlson Tonight, One America News Network,[22] and RT.[15]

Early life and education

Hinkle was born in 1999 in San Clemente, California,[34][35] where he also attended public schools, graduating from the San Clemente High School in 2018.[36][37] He was an active member of his middle school's surf club, which made him familiar with the impact of plastic pollution and became the catalyst for his entry into activism. He became active in anti-plastic pollution movements at the age of 17,[24][38][36][1] founding the Team Zissou Environmental Organization (named after the protagonist of The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou), which engaged in environmental lobbying and organized volunteer beach cleanups in Orange County.[1][39][verify]

In 2017, Hinkle became Water Ambassador for The Water Effect at The Ecology Center,[40] and was named one of "The 17 Most Inspirational Kids of 2017" by Reader's Digest,[41] with him also being covered in Teen Vogue as one of eight young environmentalists "working to save the earth" that same year.[17] In 2018, Hinkle went to Washington, D.C. with representatives of nuclear safety advocacy group San Clemente Green. He spoke at a congressional briefing on the subject of safely dealing with decommissioned nuclear plants, and met with congressional members,[1][42] an event covered by the Los Angeles Times, where Gary Headrick, the San Clemente Green founder, told the paper about Hinkle: "He's the kind of guy who gives you hope about the future. It's hard to find young people who take these things seriously, but Jackson is fearless and well-informed."[17] That same year, Hinkle attended Saddleback College in Mission Viejo, California, to pursue political science.[43][44][5]

Political and activist career

Hinkle began his political activism in the late 2010s, running in a San Clemente city council special election in 2019 a year after graduating from high school.[45][46] During this campaign, which was endorsed by the Democratic Socialists of America,[47] he advocated that the city of San Clemente have its own police department, he "categorically and unconditionally" opposed the legalization of prostitution, and proposed combating the presence and effect of nuclear waste in the area.[46] Hinkle ultimately lost the election.[48] In 2020, Hinkle launched the political show The Dive with Jackson Hinkle on YouTube, on which he reached 300,000 subscribers by 2023,[49] later expanding to Twitch.[50] The show moved to Rumble, when he was banned from YouTube and Twitch for "harmful misinformation" related to the war in Ukraine.[15][9]

On February 4, 2021, Hinkle announced on Twitter that he had joined the People's Party.[4]

In October 2022, Hinkle and fellow Twitch streamer Haz Al-Din went to Twitchcon, where they filmed themselves "harassing seemingly random attendees" and mocked topics like COVID-19 face masking, support for Ukraine, and calls for online content moderation.[22] A few days later, the two were joined by "Dark MAGA" streamer Jon Zherka in their attempts to engage with UCLA students on campus.[22]

In June 2023, Hinkle spoke at the Rage Against the War Machine rally in Washington, D.C., which included the involvement of the Libertarian Party, the People's Party, and the far-right conspiratorial LaRouche movement, among others, amplifying Russian disinformation narratives and demanding an end to Western support for Ukraine and to NATO's existence. At the rally, Hinkle expressed support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[18][51][better source needed][52]

In February 2024,[53] Hinkle appeared on NewsNation anchor Chris Cuomo's podcast, being described as at the forefront of "political thought in the country" for the next-generation, and according to Medialite, advocated for "cessation of all American aid to Israel". Cuomo defended his interview with Hinkle saying "It is clearly untrue that I have ever, or would ever, give any deference to any kind of anti-semitism."[54]

In March 2024, Hinkle began posting on Weibo following a collaboration with Guancha and Fudan University's China Institute.[23]

In July 2024, Hinkle participated in a Russian sponsored press briefing at the United Nations (UN), during which he talked about the Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine he visited.[55]

On July 21, 2024, Hinkle announced the launch of the American Communist Party,[3] a political party where he serves on the Plenary Council.[56] The party describes itself as "[a] reconstitution of the Communist Party USA."[56] Hinkle had previously stated that he had been expelled from the Communist Party USA, though his membership in the party was disputed by party officials.[5]

On October 7, 2024, Hinkle launched a new political show, Legitimate Targets with Jackson Hinkle, interviewing representatives from the Houthi movement,[57] which is designated by the United States as a Foreign Terrorist Organization.[58]

Conspiracy theories and misinformation

Hinkle has a history of publishing misinformation,[9][19] disinformation,[15][25] and conspiracy theories,[21][27][59][10] and The Dive with Jackson Hinkle has also been a source of controversy.[60][61][62] In April 2022, the Tech Transparency Project stated that the show was peddling "Putin propaganda" in violation of the site rules of Twitch, where the show was hosted on.[50] The show violated the three new policies outlined by Twitch, namely "(1) persistently sharing (2) widely disproven and broadly shared (3) harmful misinformation topics, such as conspiracies that promote violence."[50] The show was eventually taken off Twitch and YouTube for misinformation about the war in Ukraine.[15][17] Hinkle also has a history of posting pro-Russian and far-right commentary.[62]

Since being deplatformed, Hinkle has attracted attention for his tweets regarding the Israel–Hamas war, gaining 1.4 million followers on X by October 2023,[31] and has been labeled by The Jewish Chronicle as one of the "most viral misinformation spreaders" in regards to the conflict.[17] Grouped as part of an online reactionary and paid clout-chasers for leveraging pro-Palestine views, he once proclaimed: "I do everything for the clout, you will never see me do something not for the clout."[27] Chinese state media outlet The Paper called Hinkle a "spreader of false information", although some advocates close to the Chinese Communist Party have promoted him.[23]

Hinkle's tweeting style has come into question, with much of it being criticized as misinformation as well as misleading. His posts have been cited and referenced repeatedly by Russian and Iranian state-affiliated media.[12][27][63] For example, the Russian news outlet Lenta.ru used a headline quoting Hinkle's suggestion that the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive be labeled as a suicide mission.[64] In the wake of the Israel–Hamas conflict, Hinkle was deplatformed from YouTube,[12] calling himself the "most censored man on YouTube",[11] as well as the "most viral worldwide".[27] With posts reaching over 20 million views as of November 2023,[14] Hinkle reached 2 million followers on X,[15][65] where he offers a premium subscription to those wanting to help him "DEFEAT THE ZIONIST LIES".[17] In August 2023, Bloomberg reported that Hinkle had requested antisemitic AI-generated images of "satanic George Soros" using a tool called Midjourney,[9] which a study found to be easy to generate racist and conspiratorial images.[66] A Bloomberg article in November 2023 about misinformation on X said Hinkle was "known for spreading antisemitic hate speech in the past".[9] The ADL identified him as one of five key far right influencers on X who had used the conflict to gain an audience, whose combined follower count increased by over 1070% in the period, Hinkle reaching over 2.6 million in late 2023.[67]

A graphic image from the October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel was shared on X by Israel's prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, as well as the conservative commentator Ben Shapiro. Hinkle subsequently claimed that the image was fake due to an inaccurate AI detector classification; however, the image was not determined to be fake by other AI detectors according to DW fact-checkers.[14] Hinkle also falsely claimed on X that Haaretz had reported that the Israeli government inflated the death toll for the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.[65][nb 1] Haaretz quoted the post in a tweet and said that Hinkle's post "contain[ed] blatant lies" and was not substantiated by their reporting on the attack.[68][69]

In October 2023, Hinkle shared a fake news release stating that the United States was sending billions of dollars in aid to Israel.[8] He also published fake news on the arrival of the United States Marines in Israel, using an image from July 2022 in Romania that was unrelated to Israel.[70] Hinkle followed up by falsely claiming that Iran had declared war on Israel and that Yemen had announced they were at war with Israel.[15][71][72] Before deleting his post, Hinkle also claimed that video footage showed Israel bombing hospitals; however, the footage instead showed an infirmary in Aleppo dated to 2016.[21][73] He has also mislead his audience after posting an old video from 2018 of a three-year old being detained by border police in Hebron, in the southern West Bank, receiving over one million views.[62] On November 12, 2023, Hinkle posted on X a photo of a woman near a demolished building, with the caption: "You CANNOT BREAK the Palestinian spirit."[19] Fact checking discovered that the captioned photo, which showed a woman stepping down the stairs of a demolished building, was not from Palestine but from Syria, and had been submitted in 2020 for the Siena International Photo Awards.[19][21]

In December 2023, Hinkle called for a boycott of the video game Grand Theft Auto VI, linking the game to Zionism. Vice disputed the game's links to Zionism and described them as a conspiracy theory.[20]

In July 2024, Hinkle was noted as one of the main social media influencers sharing a fake story about Olena Zelenska, the First Lady of Ukraine, purchasing an expensive Bugatti.[74]

Views

Hinkle has been variously described as far-right,[15][21] right-wing,[11][20] a conservative,[18][19] "pro-Trump",[75][76] a "Bernie Bro",[77] "avowedly progressive",[6] and an "extreme left-wing ideologue";[5] primarily as a social media influencer,[19][29][15] and political commentator,[18][11][72] as well as an Internet troll,[20] and YouTuber. Hinkle describes himself as an "American Conservative Marxist–Leninist",[17] as a Stalinist and Maoist,[5] and as a "MAGA Communist".[52][78] Hinkle has also been described as a pro-Russia operative,[11][79] and grouped as part of the anti-Israel far-right.[31] Emanuele Ottolenghi and Marina Rosenberg, respectively the Senior Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and Senior Vice President for International Affairs at the Anti-Defamation League, wrote that Hinkle is a "known conspiracy theorist, and a staunch admirer of Russia's Vladimir Putin and Syria's Bashar al-Assad; he has denied China's repression of its Uyghur minority as well as the Syrian regime's use of chemical weapons against its own people."[12] Hinkle has referred to al-Assad as a hero[21] and has professed admiration for Joseph Stalin.[80] Russian-American journalist Cathy Young described Hinkle as a "ragebait-monetizing 'MAGA communist' troll".[78]

Hinkle has been described as vocally pro-Russia and anti-Ukraine.[75][11][76] He tweeted that Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy is "responsible for every death in the Ukraine war" and shared posts on Instagram that praised Putin.[11][81] According to Euromaidan Press, Hinkle claimed that Zelenskyy is a dictator who was building a "fascist, dystopian state" in Ukraine,[82] and newspaper Türkiye wrote that he believed the president would suffer the same fate as Osama bin Laden.[83] He has urged the Republican Party (GOP) to reject Zionism, and called for MAGA-aligned GOP Representative Jim Jordan to focus on American domestic issues rather than backing additional military aid to Israel.[84] The 2023 Israel–Hamas war also showed a division within the MAGA movement, with Hinkle criticizing the likes of conservative pundit Ben Shapiro and Trumpist activist Laura Loomer for supporting Israel.[85][84] Hinkle has been accused by some elements of the MAGA movement of promoting anti-white racism due to his support of South African black nationalist and communist politician Julius Malema and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) party.[86] Hinkle dubbed the firing of pro-Trump conservative-populist pundit Tucker Carlson as the "end of an era".[87]

MAGA communism

In late 2022, Hinkle began advocating for the idea of "MAGA communism", leading it to trend on Twitter. Vice described it as a "swirl of social conservatism, patriotism and subversive energy", and described Hinkle as coming from "the far-right entertainment playbook by agitating on livestreams".[22] Hinkle and other supporters of the idea argued that those who care about the working class should ally with the MAGA movement, which they considered to be the largest anti-establishment populist movement in the United States, to incite a populist revolution. MAGA communists criticized liberal identity politics, denounced American imperialism, and dismissed climate change efforts as "virtue-signaling" and "green fascism". Interviewed by One America News Network host Addison Smith in September 2022, Hinkle echoed conspiracy theories about George Soros, saying: "Communism and Marxism historically have been conservative. It's a new era in the West that made it adhere to liberal-leftist values. This is not true Marxism. It's Marxism funded by George Soros. They don't want communists, left-wing populists, right-wing populists, uniting on common issues to fight the deep state."[22] Hinkle was questioned on whether he actually supported communism; he said that the United States can learn from the Soviet Union and Communist China, that Marxism–Leninism has historically been conservative, and that what he described as modern communism's "liberal-leftist values" are a perversion "funded by George Soros".[22]

Observers and left-wing critics have described "MAGA communism" as an alt-right ideology which seeks to combine aspects of "authoritarian MAGA" with "tankie communism", eschew communism's leftist values, and co-opt socialism.[22][88] "MAGA communism" has been described as lacking ideological consistency and focusing its appeal to people disillusioned with modern American liberalism.[22] Ana Kasparian of The Young Turks said of "MAGA communism": "We should be careful [when discussing MAGA communism], because when you think of Nazis and fascists and how they brought people over to their sides. They co-opted socialist rhetoric to bring people in, and then their 'populist' movement was what? Extermination."[22] Progressive commentator Sam Seder, who had a debate with Hinkle, said of an interview Hinkle gave about "MAGA communism": "This is such a word salad that I can't follow what the hell he's talking about."[22]

Daniel HoSang, a professor at Yale University and an expert on modern American right-wing movements, told Motherboard that "it doesn't necessarily mean communism in the literal sense of, say, demanding collective ownership. I think it's meant to be a kind of cultural invocation—a defense from that which the elites want you to believe. It suggests something about how people's political moorings are unsettled, and the search to find new bearings."[22] Brian Hughes, the associate director of the Polarization and Extremism Research and Innovation Lab (PERIL) at American University, said: "Various figures are trying to take advantage of the moment. Skull-mask [neo-fascist][89] networks, and accelerationist networks more broadly, have been juicing MAGA Communism because they like to inhabit odd, esoteric subcultures. They're smaller, and easier to exploit. It helps that MAGA Communism has little ideological consistency, and can vibe with people who want to be edgy, on the political fringe."[22] Hinkle's movement has also been placed within the context of an American conservatism that, in the words of Democratic Party strategist David Shor, was getting "really very weird", with The New Republic describing it as a movement that "combined American nationalism with praise for another authoritarian leader despised by most Americans, China's Xi Jinping."[90][91]

Personal life

Hinkle is a Christian.[92] He was engaged to Miss Russia 2022 Anna Linnikova and they lived together in Miami,[93] but the couple reportedly separated in December 2023.[94]

Electoral history

2019 San Clemente City Council special election[95]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Gene James 8,253 54.92
Nonpartisan Jackson Hinkle 4,683 31.17
Nonpartisan Dee Coleman 785 5.22
Nonpartisan Christina Selter 667 4.44
Nonpartisan Michael (Mickey) McLane 638 4.25
Total votes 15,026 100.0

Notes

  1. ^ Hinkle tweeted that the Israeli news outlet Haaretz had reported: "Number of people Hamas shot less than 100, most were settlers with guns on them."[68] Haaretz responded: "This post contains blatant lies about the atrocities committed by Hamas on October 7. It has absolutely no basis in Haaretz's reporting, then or since."[68]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Brazil, Ben (July 19, 2018). "San Clemente teen works to decommission nuclear power plants". Los Angeles Post. ISSN 2165-1736. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  2. ^ Jackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinklle] (May 24, 2024). "🚨🇺🇸 I'm proud to announce that our new think tank, Institute for a Free America, is hosting our first live show today in Dearborn, Michigan. Follow our NEW X ACCOUNT" (Tweet). Retrieved June 8, 2024 – via Twitter.
  3. ^ a b Jackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinklle] (July 21, 2024). "🚨🇺🇸 I am proud to join the launch of the #AmericanCommunistParty. We are committed to FREEING AMERICA from corporate & pro-war control" (Tweet). Retrieved July 21, 2024 – via Twitter.
  4. ^ a b Jackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinklle] (February 4, 2021). "Hi! 🤗 @PeoplesParty_US" (Tweet). Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via Twitter.
  5. ^ a b c d e Myers, Steven Lee; Hsu, Tiffany (April 11, 2024). "Riding Rage Over Israel to Online Prominence". New York Times.
  6. ^ a b Rosenbburg, Paul (August 26, 2018). "Beneath the blue wave in Orange County: Not just about House races in longtime GOP stronghold". Salon.com. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
  7. ^ Hinkle, Jackson [@jacksonhinklle] (September 15, 2024). "It's my birthday and I want Netanyahu in prison for the rest of his life" (Tweet). Retrieved September 15, 2024 – via Twitter.
  8. ^ a b Duffy, Clare; Lyngaas, Sean; O'Sullivan, Donie (October 10, 2023). "Elon Musk's X adds to fog of war at outset of Israel-Hamas conflict". CNN. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Alba, Davey; Fan, Eric; Lu, Denise; Yin, Leon (November 21, 2023). "How Musk's X Is Failing To Stem the Surge of Misinformation About Israel and Gaza". Bloomberg. ISSN 1063-2123. Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023. Jackson Hinkle, a far-right and pro-Trump social media influencer, has repeatedly spread falsehoods about high-profile global conflicts. He was previously banned from Amazon's Twitch streaming site and the Google-owned video platform YouTube for spreading misinformation about the war in Ukraine, and he has frequently posted about his support of Russia and Vladimir Putin. In August, Bloomberg reported on Hinkle requesting antisemitic, AI-generated images from a tool called Midjourney...... In late October, he made the extraordinary claim that Israel had lied about the Oct. 7 attacks, citing the reporting of Israeli newspaper Haaretz, which swiftly debunked the lie.
  10. ^ a b c d Dasgupta, Shougat (November 29, 2023). "Russian propagandists turn their attention to Gaza". Coda Story. Retrieved March 13, 2024. Hinkle has become a leading figure in that strange, social media-based netherworld of conspiracy theorists who have moved seamlessly from raging (or rather fomenting rage) about Covid vaccines, to raging about U.S. support for Ukraine, to now raging about the war in Gaza.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Seitz, Jacob (February 28, 2023). "Pro-Russia right-winger's relationship with Miss Russia exposed". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
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  13. ^ [9][10][11][12]
  14. ^ a b c Eisele, Ines (November 10, 2023). "Fact check: AI fakes in Israel's war against Hamas". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023. The controversial anti-Israeli influencer Jackson Hinkle then claimed that the image had been created using artificial intelligence.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Sabbagh, Dan (November 11, 2023). "Israel-Hamas fake news thrives on poorly regulated online platforms". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023. Hinkle's recent tweets include a photograph of him with a poster saying "Putin is good" and accusing the BBC of espousing "Zionist propaganda". His agenda is stridently anti-Israel.
  16. ^ [9][10][14][15]
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gillot, Hannah (November 6, 2023). "Who is Jackson Hinkle? Twitter's most viral misinformation spreader and anti-Israel activist". The Jewish Chronicle. ISSN 0021-633X. Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
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  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Koltai, Kolina (December 8, 2023). "Images of Syrian Civil War Take on a Second Life in Gaza Conflict". Bellingcat. Archived from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kim, Eddie (October 17, 2022). "What the Hell Is MAGACommunism?". Vice News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
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  26. ^ [9][19][15][25]
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  28. ^ [21][10][27]
  29. ^ a b Parker, Charlie (November 13, 2023). "Israel-Gaza war: social media hosts war of fake news and AI images". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  30. ^ [29][15][9]
  31. ^ a b c Butler, Kiera (October 25, 2023). "The Far Right Has a New Big Lie: Claiming to Support Palestine". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  32. ^ Baragona, Justin (March 4, 2024). "Chris Cuomo Defends Chummy Interview With Antisemitic Conspiracist Jackson Hinkle". The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  33. ^ [12][27][31][32]
  34. ^ "About – Jackson Hinkle for San Clemente City Council 2019". JacksonHinkle.org. 2019. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  35. ^ Jackson Hinkle [@jacksonhinkle] (September 15, 2023). "24 🎂". Retrieved September 15, 2023 – via Instagram.
  36. ^ a b "Grom of the Week: Jackson Hinkle". San Clemente Times. January 23, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023. Age: 13, Shorecliffs Middle School
  37. ^ Sput, Sabrina (September 20, 2019). "Meet SCHS graduate Jackson Hinkle: A 2019 San Clemente City Council candidate". Triton Times. Archived from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  38. ^ Klein, Naomi (November 12, 2021). Ná huí wǒmen de wèilái: Niánqīng qìhòu yùndòng zhě qiǎngjiù dìqiú de shēndù xíngdòng 拿回我們的未來：年輕氣候運動者搶救地球的深度行動 [Taking Back Our Future: Young Climate Campaigners Go Deeper to Save the Planet] (in Chinese) (E-book ed.). Xiānggǎng: Shíbào wénhuà chūbǎn 時報文化出版 Times Culture Publishing. p. 136. ISBN 978-9-571-39581-4. Retrieved November 14, 2023 – via Google Books. 加州聖克利門蒂市( San Clemente )的傑克森·辛克爾( Jackson Hinkle )從十七歲就開始了反對塑膠垃圾的行動。他是一個衝浪者,所以他瞭解海洋中的塑膠汙染問題。隨著他對於水以及人對水的傷害有了更多的瞭解,奧爾多·利奥波德與瑞秋·卡森透過他們的暢銷書鼓舞了環保主義者。今天一些年輕運動者也寫書,但是他們也靠遊行、俱樂部、社交媒體和網際網路來傳播他們的訊息與鼓舞人們。 o 二十一世紀的年輕環保主義者. [Jackson Hinkle of San Clemente, California, has been campaigning against plastic waste since he was 17 years old. He's a surfer, so he understands the problem of plastic pollution in the ocean. As he learned more about water and the harm people do to it, Aldo Leopold and Rachel Carson inspired environmentalists through their best-selling books. Some young activists today also write books, but they also rely on marches, clubs, social media and the Internet to spread their message and inspire people. Young Environmentalists of the 21st Century.]
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  46. ^ a b "Hinkle Responds to Criticism". San Clemente Times. November 5, 2019. Archived from the original on November 19, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
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