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MAC-10

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(Redirected from MPA submachine gun)
"Mac 10" redirects here. For the computer operating system, see macOS. For Mac-10, the rapper Phillip Allen, see Totally Insane. For the 2019 song by Trippie Redd, see Mac 10 (song).
Not to be confused with Mach 10 or Mack 10.
Military Armament Corporation M10
MAC-10 (.45 ACP) with suppressor and without magazine.
TypeMachine pistol
Submachine gun
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1970–present
Used bySee Users
Wars
Production history
DesignerGordon Ingram
Designed1964
ManufacturerMilitary Armament Corporation
Unit cost$120
Produced1970–1973[2]
Specifications
Mass2.84 kg (6.3 lb) empty without a suppressor
Length
  • 269 mm (10.6 in) with stock removed
  • 295 mm (11.6 in) with stock retracted
  • 548 millimetres (1 foot 9.6 inches) with stock extended
  • 545 millimetres (1 foot 9.5 inches) with stock retracted w/suppressor
  • 798 millimetres (2 feet 7.4 inches) with stock extended with suppressor
Barrel length146 mm (5.7 in)
Width
  • 50 mm (2.0 in) without a suppressor
  • 54 mm (2.1 in) with suppressor
Cartridge
ActionStraight blowback[3]
Rate of fire
Muzzle velocity
  • 366 metres per second (1,200 ft/s) for 9mm
  • 280 metres per second (920 ft/s) for .45 ACP
Effective firing range
Maximum firing range100 meters (for .45 ACP)
Feed system
  • 30-round detachable box magazine (.45 ACP)[5]
  • 32-round detachable box magazine (9×19mm)[5]
SightsIron sights

The Military Armament Corporation Model 10, officially abbreviated as "M10" or "M-10",[5] and more commonly known as the MAC-10, is a compact, blowback operated machine pistol/submachine gun that was developed by Gordon Ingram in 1964. It is chambered in either .45 ACP or 9mm. A two-stage suppressor by Sionics was designed for the MAC-10, which not only abates the noise created but makes it easier to control on full automatic (although it also makes the gun far less compact and concealable).[6]

Military Armament Corporation never used the "MAC-10" nomenclature in its catalogues or sales literature, but "MAC-10" is frequently used by Title II dealers, gun writers, and collectors.[citation needed] For a decade, the semi-automatic pistol version of the weapon was forbidden in the U.S. under the assault weapons ban enacted by Congress in 1994.

Design

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The MAC-10 is built predominantly from steel stampings. A notched cocking handle protrudes from the top of the receiver, and turning the handle 90°, locks the bolt, and acts as an indicator the weapon is unable to fire. The MAC-10 has a telescoping bolt, which wraps around the rear face of the barrel. This allows a more compact weapon and balances the weight of the weapon over the pistol grip, where the magazine is located. The MAC-10 fires from an open bolt, and the light weight of the bolt results in a rapid rate of fire. In addition, this design incorporates a built-in feed ramp as part of the trigger guard (a new concept at the time) and, to save on cost, the magazine design was recycled from the M3 Grease Gun. The barrel is threaded to accept a suppressor, which works by reducing the discharge's sound without attempting to reduce the speed of the bullet. The .45 ACP models are well-suited for this, as most .45 loads are naturally subsonic, as opposed to the specialized subsonic loads usually required for suppressed 9mm weapons. At the suggestion of the United States Army, the suppressor also acts as a foregrip to inhibit muzzle rise when fired. Ingram added a small bracket with a small strap beneath the muzzle to aid in controlling recoil during fully automatic fire. The original rate of fire for the MAC-10 in .45 ACP is approximately 1090 rounds per minute.[citation needed] That of the 9mm is approximately 1250, and that of the smaller MAC-11 in .380 ACP is 1500 rounds per minute.[7]

Noting the weapon's poor accuracy, in the 1970s, International Association of Police Chiefs weapons researcher David Steele described the MAC series as "fit only for combat in a phone booth".[8]

Suppressor

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The primary reason for the original M10 finding recognition was its revolutionary sound suppressor designed by Mitchell WerBell III of Sionics. This suppressor has a two-stage design, with the first stage being larger than the second. This uniquely shaped suppressor gives the MAC-10 a very distinctive look. It is also very quiet, to the point that the bolt can be heard cycling, along with the suppressed report of the weapon's discharge, though only if subsonic rounds are used (standard .45 ACP rounds are subsonic). The suppressor, when used with a Nomex cover, creates a place to hold the firearm with the secondary hand, making it easier to control. During the 1970s, the United States placed restrictions on the export of suppressors, and a number of countries canceled their orders as the effectiveness of the MAC-10's suppressor was one of its main selling points. This was one factor that led to the bankruptcy of Military Armament Corporation, another being the company's failure to recognize the private market.[clarification needed] The original Sionics suppressor is 11.44 inches in length, 2.13 inches in overall diameter, and weighs 1.20 pounds.[9]

Calibers and variants

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While the original M10 was available chambered for either .45 ACP or 9mm, the M10 is part of a series of machine pistols, the others being the MAC-11/M-11A1, which is a scaled-down version of the M10 chambered in .380 ACP (9×17mm); and the M-11/9, which is a modified version of the M-11 with a longer receiver chambered in 9×19mm, later made by SWD (Sylvia and Wayne Daniel), Leinad and Vulcan Armament. Law enforcement bureaucracies such as the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) consider MAC-11 variants such as the Leinad PM-11 to be part of the "MAC-10 class pistol".[10]

In the United States, machine guns are National Firearms Act items. As the Military Armament Corporation was in bankruptcy, a large number of incomplete sheet metal frame flats were given serial numbers and then bought by a new company, RPB Industries. Some of the previously completed guns, which were already stamped with MAC, were then stamped with RPB on the reverse side, making it a "double stamp" gun.[citation needed]

RPB Industries made many open-bolt semi-automatic and sub-machine guns before the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATFE) seized roughly 200 open-bolt semi-autos during the drug wars of 1981. The BATFE insisted that all future semi-automatic firearms were to be manufactured with a closed-bolt design as the open-bolt semi-automatics were considered too easy to illegally convert to full automatic operation.[9]

Wayne Daniel, a former RPB machine operator, purchased much of their remaining inventory and formed SWD, designing a new weapon which was more balanced, available either fully or semi-automatic with his new BATFE-approved closed bolt design.[11]

There are several carbine versions of the M-11/9 and Cobray and SWD manufactured a smaller version chambered in .380 ACP as a semiautomatic pistol called the M-12.[12]

Today, while the civilian manufacture, sale and possession of post-1986 select-fire MAC-10 and variants is prohibited, it is still legal to sell templates, tooling and manuals to complete such conversions. These items are typically marketed as being "post-sample" materials for use by Federal Firearm Licensees for manufacturing/distributing select-fire variants of the MAC-10 to law enforcement, military and overseas customers.[13]

1994 assault weapons ban in the U.S.

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The semi-automatic civilian pistol version of the MAC-10, which operates differently from its military counterpart, fell under the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban. The ban – which expired in 2004 – enacted various requirements that defined an assault weapon. The MAC-10 was named directly in the ban, and it failed three of the requirements:

  1. A semi-automatic version of an automatic firearm,
  2. A manufactured weight of 50 ounces (1.4 kg) or more when the pistol is unloaded. The MAC-10 weighs 100.16 oz (2.84 kg),[14] and
  3. A threaded barrel to attach barrel extender, flash suppressor, handgrip, or suppressor

Additionally, the magazine capacity is 32 rounds. In response, Wayne Daniel redesigned the M-11 by eliminating the threaded barrel and creating a new magazine release that would only allow the firearm to accept a new 10-round magazine, as the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban mandated. The new firearm was called the PM11/9.[15]

Foreign copies and derivatives

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BXP

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The BXP is a 9 mm submachine gun developed in the mid-1980s by the South African company Mechem (currently a division of Denel, formerly under ARMSCOR) and brought into production in 1984. Due to international arms embargoes of Apartheid South Africa, the country was forced to design and manufacture their own weapons. The weapon was intended for use by security forces. The manufacturing rights have changed hands several times, passing from Mechem to Milkor Marketing and later to Truvelo Armoury, the current manufacturer (as of 2009).[citation needed]

Cobra carbine

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The Cobra carbine is a semi-automatic firearm of Rhodesian origin manufactured during the Rhodesian Bush War Era as a self-defense weapon for farmers and is chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum round. The layout of this weapon is somewhat based on the Uzi submachine gun.[16]

Patria submachine gun

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The Pistola Ametralladora Patria is a close copy of the MAC-10 and features a cooling jacket/barrel extension much like the South African BXP. It was developed by Major Luis Ricardo Dávila, of the Argentine Air Force, and protected by national Patent n° 220494/5/6/7 on 20/08/1980. It uses 9mm rounds for easy transportation and can be operated in either hand.[17] A similar earlier Argentine weapon based on the MAC-10 was also designed in 1977 by manufacturer Domingo Matheu, the Pistola Ametralladora MPA.[17][18]

Enarm MSM

[edit]

The Enarm MSM (Mini Sub Metralhadora or Mini Submachine Gun) was a submachine gun of Brazilian origin based on the Uzi and MAC-10 weapons, made by ENARM.[19] It was chambered in the 9×19mm Parabellum round and also came with a foregrip. Although the weapon performed well in trials, it was discontinued due to the company disbanding due to "internal disruptions".[19]

Section Five MAC-10

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Section Five Firearms Ltd of Tunbridge Wells, Kent in the UK manufactured a MAC-10 variation in 9×19 Parabellum[20] in the 1970s. They only accept 9×19mm Uzi magazines and are equipped with a classic folding or a special fixed polymer stock.[citation needed]

Users

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Map with MAC-10 users in blue

Non-state users

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Lee E. Russel (1985). Grenada 1983. p. 41.
  2. ^ Miletich, John (2003). Homicide Investigation: An Introduction. Scarecrow Press. p. 134.
  3. ^ McNab, Chris (2009). Firearms. Bath, UK: Parragon. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-4075-1607-3.
  4. ^ "MAC Ingram M10 / M11 (USA)". Weapon.ge – Modern Firearms Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b c "Operation and Maintenance Manual: Military Armament Corporation" (PDF). Military Armament Corporation.
  6. ^ Dartford, Mark, ed. (1985). Modern Warfare. London: Marshall Cavendish Books. ISBN 0-86307-325-5.
  7. ^ McNab, Chris (20 November 2011). The Uzi Submachine Gun. Osprey Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-84908-906-7.
  8. ^ Jack Lewis (28 February 2011). Assault Weapons. Gun Digest Books. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-4402-2400-3.
  9. ^ a b Walker, Robert E. (2012). Cartridges and Firearm Identification. CRC Press. pp. 210, 436. ISBN 978-1-4665-0206-2.
  10. ^ Lou Raguse (14 January 2021). "New warrants in Idd's case reveal car search and investigation of possible link to brother's case". MSN News. Kare 11. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021. And they found a backpack on the passenger side that had ammunition and "Leinad PM-11 high capacity pistol." The BCA calls it "a MAC-10 class pistol,"
  11. ^ Larson, Erik (27 July 2011). Lethal Passage: The Story of a Gun. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-307-80331-3.
  12. ^ Shideler, Dan (2011). Gun Digest 2012. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4402-1447-9.
  13. ^ "Select-Fire (Fully Automatic) conversion information". Archived from the original on 2015-06-20. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
  14. ^ Spitzer, Robert J. (1 January 2001). The Right to Bear Arms: Rights and Liberties Under the Law. ABC-CLIO. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-1-57607-347-6.
  15. ^ Roth, Jeffrey A.; Koper, Christopher S. (1999). Impacts of the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban, 1994–96. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. p. 3.
  16. ^ "9mm Cobra, Rhodesian MAC-10/Uzi Hybird [sic]". Gun City Gun Shop. Christchurch, New Zealand. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009.
  17. ^ a b ARMAS Y GEOESTRATEGIA, Vol.2, N° 6, Mayo 1983
  18. ^ Las Pistolas Ametralladoras Fabricadas en Nuestro País¨, N°172, Enero 2004
  19. ^ a b Olive, Ronaldo (January 26, 2017). "The MSM compact subgun: Guns of Nelmo Suzano". The Firearm Blog.
  20. ^ Ehringer, William D. (2001). "A MAC History Lesson". FirearmsID.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  22. ^ Ezell, Edward (1988). Small Arms Today. Vol. 2nd. Stackpole Books. p. 65. ISBN 0811722805.
  23. ^ "World Infantry Weapons: Brazil". Archived from the original on 2 June 2016.
  24. ^ a b c d e Owen, J.I.H (1975). Brassey's Infantry Weapons of the World, 1950–1975. Bonanza Book. p. 45.
  25. ^ Hogg, Ian (1989). Jane's Infantry Weapons 1989-90, 15th Edition. Jane's Information Group. p. 117. ISBN 0-7106-0889-6.
  26. ^ "Silah Report Podcast V33: Iranian Submachine Guns (1941-1979)". 21 June 2021.
  27. ^ "wiw_me_jordan - worldinventory". 2016-05-31. Archived from the original on 2016-05-31. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  28. ^ "wiw_me_lebanon - worldinventory". 2016-03-12. Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2022-11-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  29. ^ "Royal Malaysia Police Museum". Small Arms Defense Journal. No. V8N2. 27 May 2016. Ingram M10 9×19mm submachine gun
  30. ^ "wiw_sa_mexico - worldinventory". 2014-12-28. Archived from the original on 2014-12-28. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  31. ^ "wiw_af_morocco - worldinventory". 2015-01-28. Archived from the original on 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  32. ^ Issue; V9N5; Volume 9. "The Evolution of K1/K2 Families in the ROK Military – Small Arms Defense Journal". Retrieved 2022-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ Diez, Octavio (2000). Handguns: Armament and Technology. Lema Publications, S.L. ISBN 84-8463-013-7.
  34. ^ "wiw_as_thailand - worldinventory". 2016-03-12. Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2023-03-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  35. ^ Long, Duncan (1 September 1989). Terrifying Three: Uzi, Ingram And Intratec Weapons Families. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. pp. 25–31. ISBN 9780873645232.
  36. ^ Ryan, Mike (6 May 2008). The Operators: Inside the World's Special Forces. Skyhorse. p. 187. ISBN 978-1602392151.
  37. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (19 December 2017). "The US Air Force Still Has At Least One MAC-10 Submachine Gun". The Drive.
  38. ^ "wiw_sa_uruguay - worldinventory". 2016-10-05. Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2023-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  39. ^ Christopher, Foss (1977). Infantry Weapons of the World. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 111. ISBN 0-684-14861-7.
  40. ^ "Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Sub Machine Guns (SMG)". 2016-03-03. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
  41. ^ "On legacy, Mrs May seems determined to play a cute political game of her own". Slugger O'Toole. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
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