Tornado outbreak of May 22–23, 1981
 | Parts of this article (those related to Confirmed tornadoes) need to be updated. (October 2023) |
 Path of the Binger, Oklahoma Tornado on May 22, 1981 | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Duration | May 22–23, 1981 |
| Tornado outbreak | |
| Tornadoes | 43 |
| Maximum rating | F4 tornado |
| Overall effects | |
| Casualties | 12 injuries |
| Damage | $32.8 million (1981 USD) |
| Areas affected | Central United States |
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 1981 | |
An intense tornado outbreak occurred on May 22 in western and Central Oklahoma and on May 23 from eastern and central Oklahoma to central Iowa. A total of 43 tornadoes were confirmed during the two-day outbreak, of which 14 were recorded as strong or violent (F2 or greater on the Fujita Scale). The outbreak resulted in no fatalities and only 12 injuries from a tornado that touched down near Clinton, Oklahoma, which caused significant damage. The tornado outbreak overall left $32.8 million (1981 USD) in damage.[1][2]
Storm history
[edit]On the morning of May 22, 1981, winds moving in from the south brought moist air across Texas and into western Oklahoma, and a dry line formed across the Texas panhandle. In addition, the interaction between a layer of warm air aloft and the return flow of moist air led to widespread low clouds across the state of Oklahoma. Later that day, the low clouds broke as predicted by forecasters as the dry line moved east into western Oklahoma. However, the clearing was limited to a relatively narrow zone ahead of the dry line. Despite this, daytime heating allowed thunderstorms to form by mid-afternoon.[1]
Confirmed tornadoes
[edit]| FU | F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 43 |
May 22 event
[edit]| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F2 | N of New Cordell | Washita | 2217 | 6.9 miles (11 km) |
See New Cordell tornado of May 22, below |
| F1 | E of Lake Valley | Washita | 2325 | 1 miles (1.6 km) |
|
| F2 | E of Cowden | Washita, Caddo | 0007 | 5 miles (8 km) |
Tornado damaged a house, outbuildings, trees, power poles, and wheat crop. |
| F1 | SW of Arapaho | Custer | 0015 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
Tornado struck several farms, damaging houses, outbuildings, farm equipment, and crops. |
| F0 | W of Albert | Caddo | 0029 | 0.3 miles (0.5 km) |
|
| F2 | N of Mountain View to W of Eakla | Kiowa, Washita, Caddo | 0030 | 15.4 miles (24.6 km) |
A dozen homes were torn apart. Outbuildings, farm equipment, and crops were damaged as well. |
| F2 | N of Stafford | Washita, Custer | 0030 | 10.4 miles (16.6 km) |
Barns were destroyed and two homes were damaged in Arapaho. A gas station was completely destroyed. |
| F4 | NE of Binger to Scott | Caddo, Canadian | 0049 | 16.7 miles (26.7 km) |
See Binger-Scott tornado of May 22, below |
| F1 | NW of Clinton | Custer | 0100 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F1 | NW of Union City | Canadian | 0132 | 2 miles (3.2 km) |
|
| F3 | N of Clinton | Custer | 0155 | 10.3 miles (16.5 km) |
A few homes were badly damaged in Clinton. A convenience store was destroyed near Arapaho. There were 12 injuries. |
| F2 | E of Greenfield | Blaine | 0340 | unknown | Several farms were damaged. A barn on one farm was destroyed, with five-foot-deep concrete moorings ripped out. |
| F1 | NE of Cleveland | Osage | 0700 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F0 | N of Beverly | Lincoln | 2315 | 0.5 miles (0.8 km) |
| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F0 | Moorhead | Clay | 2317 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
Source: Grazulis (1981)
May 23 event
[edit]| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F0 | S of Clarinda | Page | 2032 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F0 | SW of Grant | Montgomery | 2032 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F0 | W of Canby | Adair | 2115 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F0 | NE of Anita | Cass | 2130 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F0 | E of Canby | Adair | 2202 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F0 | N of Arbor Hill | Adair | 2215 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F0 | S of Dexter | Madison | 2236 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F2 | W of Benton to Ellston | Ringgold | 2300 | 16 miles (25.4 km) |
The tornado touched down around 1 mile west of Benton or 2 miles NE of Maloy just west of the Barker Family Farm. It destroyed several farm buildings there and through its 16-mile track. From the Barker Family Farm, it travelled east to Benton. Several homes near and around Benton were damaged. The tornado continued northeast to northwest of Mount Ayr. Loch Ayr Lake was hit and several cabins were damaged. The tornado continued northeast to near Ellston. Near Ellston, at the end of its track, a combine was thrown across a road and wrapped around a tree. The tornado was 130 yards wide at its peak. Ringgold County would not be hit by another Tornado until June 1984 during the Upper Midwest Tornado Outbreak. |
| F1 | SE of Earlham | Madison | 2328 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F2 | W of Osage | Mitchell | 2355 | 3.8 miles (6.1 km) |
Five farms sustained damage. Three barns, three machine sheds, a trailer, and a garage were destroyed. |
| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | E of Bristow | Creek | 2100 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F1 | NW of Hoover | Garvin | 2200 | 2 miles (3.2 km) |
|
| F0 | NW of Lenapah | Noata | 2230 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F1 | Sulphur area | Murray | 2305 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F1 | SW of McLoud | Pottawatomie | 2325 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F1 | SE of Aydelotte | Pottawatomie | 2330 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F2 | NE of Copan | Washington, Nowata, Montgomery (KS) | 2330 | 15.2 miles (24.3 km) |
Two frame homes and three trailers were destroyed along the track. |
| F2 | NW of Elliot | Nowata | 2335 | 4.5 miles (7.2 km) |
|
| F3 | Durant area | Bryan | 0058 | 9.7 miles (15.5 km) |
Moved along the west edge of Durant. Significant damage to resort property at Lake Texoma. Caused $5,000,00 in damage. |
| F1 | SW of Sasakwa | Bryan | 0100 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) |
|
| F2 | E of Colcord | Delaware | 0118 | unknown |
| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F0 | NW of Wallula | Leavenworth | 2115 | 2 miles (3.2 km) |
|
| F2 | W of Scipio | Anderson | 2115 | 1.5 miles (2.4 km) |
A trailer was completely destroyed. A farm struck by the tornado sustained heavy damage to the house, outbuildings, and farm equipment. |
| F1 | S of Centerville | Linn | 2215 | 2 miles (3.2 km) |
|
| F0 | E of Coffeyville | Montgomery | 2325 | 0.5 miles (0.8 km) |
|
| F1 | SW of Valeda | Montgomery | 2340 | 0.5 miles (0.8 km) |
| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F0 | W of Ferrelview | Platte | 2153 | 3.8 miles (6.1 km) | |
| F0 | N of Nevada | Vernon | 2355 | 0.5 miles (0.8 km) |
Source: Grazulis (1981)
New Cordell, Oklahoma
[edit] Photograph of the New Cordell Tornado | |
| F2 tornado | |
|---|---|
| on the Fujita scale | |
| Overall effects | |
| Casualties | None |
The first tornado formed northwest of New Cordell, Oklahoma at 4:17 pm (CDT). The tornado damaged a mobile home and several barns as it moved northeast over a six-mile path. The tornado was photographed 5 times by a storm chaser team during a project conducted by the National Severe Storms Laboratory and Mississippi State University. The tornado turned out to be a significant F2. No deaths or injuries were recorded. Storm chasers would go on to nickname the tornado the "Wizard of Oz" tornado because of its unusual ropey shape, which had a very close resemblance to the twister in the aforementioned movie. In fact, the tornado had no prominent curve at the top as its funnel – much like the Wizard of Oz tornado – as it neared its decaying stage.
Binger–Scott, Oklahoma
[edit] Photograph of the Binger Tornado | |
| F4 tornado | |
|---|---|
| on the Fujita scale | |
| Overall effects | |
| Casualties | None |
A second thunderstorm formed south of the thunderstorm that produced the New Cordell tornado. The second thunderstorm moved northeast, causing some concern among officials and forecasters as the storm was heading directly towards Oklahoma City. The second thunderstorm produced 6–12 tornadoes across a wide area stretching from Fort Cobb Reservoir to Union City. The thunderstorm later encountered cooler, less unstable air and dissipated near Oklahoma City.[1]
One of the group of the tornadoes, this violent tornado touched down near Binger at 6:45 pm (CDT). At the time of formation, it was weak; only causing F1 damage before rapidly intensifying as it approached Scott. It reached F4 status as it passed east of town, and maintained F4 strength as it crossed SH 37 until it dissipated near the Canadian River. Damage from the tornado was severe as it destroyed an old uninhabited house outside of Scott. Two other houses were also destroyed but their walls remained intact. A mile east, the tornado ripped the roof, walls and carport off another house while two more houses were completely destroyed. In addition, the tornado uprooted or damaged several trees and flipped over automobiles and farm equipment during its 16-mile duration.[3]
Near SH 37, the tornado blew away several storage tanks at an Amoco oil storage facility. One of the tanks, which was out of operation because of a lightning strike, was found 1500 ft south of its original location. The other two tanks blown away by the tornado were never found. A 1/2 mile away, the tornado destroyed a farmhouse and a barn, and wrecked a pickup truck. Because the path of the Binger Tornado was mostly over unpopulated areas along with the early warnings and observations provided to people in the path, there were no fatalities or injuries.[3]
Other tornadoes
[edit]After the Binger tornado dissipated, a complex of severe thunderstorms regenerated further west across west-central Oklahoma near Foss Reservoir. The thunderstorms produced at least five tornadoes, including an F3 tornado that affected the area around Clinton, Oklahoma, injuring 12 people. In Alfalfa, Oklahoma, two tornadoes were reported, one which did F2 damage.[1][4] Thunderstorms along and east of a line from Oklahoma City, Kansas City and Omaha, Nebraska produced 29 tornadoes on May 23 across Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas and Iowa. The same system travelled northwest and produced an F3 tornado that struck Bowl Bay, McCurdy Island on May 25.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Mike Branick (2006). "A Look Back on the Tornado Outbreak in Oklahoma on 22 May 1981—The Binger Tornado" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved October 27, 2006.
- ^ NCDC (1981). "Oklahoma event details". NOAA. Archived from the original on April 1, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2006.
- ^ a b James R. McDonald; H. Scott Norville & Timothy P. Marshall (2006). "DAMAGE SURVEY OF THE BINGER, OKLAHOMA TORNADO OF MAY 22, 1981". National Severe Storms Laboratory. Retrieved October 27, 2006.
- ^ NSSL (2006). "Public Domain Tornado Images". Retrieved October 27, 2006.