Muinane language
Appearance
(Redirected from Muenane language)
Muinane | |
---|---|
Muìnánɨ | |
Native to | Colombia |
Region | Puerto Santander, Amazonas; between Caquetá River and Yari River in Caquetá Department |
Ethnicity | 2,100 (2018)[1] |
Native speakers | 150 (2007)[1] |
?Bora–Witoto
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bmr |
Glottolog | muin1242 |
ELP | Muinane |
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Muinane is an indigenous American language spoken in Colombia.
Classification
[edit]Muinane belongs to the Boran language family, along with Bora.
Geographic distribution
[edit]Muinane is spoken by 150 people in Colombia along the Upper Cahuinarí river in the Department of Amazonas. There may be some speakers in Peru.
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar/ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||
Plosive | p b | t d | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ | ʔ |
Affricate | tʃ dʒ | ||||
Fricative | ɸ β | s | ʃ j | x | |
Trill | r | rʲ |
- Voiceless stops and affricates contrast with their geminate counterparts: tː tʃː tʲː kː.
Vowels
[edit]Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | ɨ | u |
Low | ɛ | a | o |
Tone
[edit]There are two tones in Muinane: high and low.
Grammar
[edit]Word order in Muinane is generally SOV. Case marking is nominative–accusative.
Writing System
[edit]Muinane is written using a Latin alphabet. A chart of symbols with the sounds they represent is as follows:
Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | /a/ | b | /b/ | c | /k/-/s/ | ch | /tʃ/ | d | /d/ | e | /e/ |
f | /ɸ/ | g(u) | /ɡ/-/x/ | h | /ʔ/ | i | /i/ | ɨ | /ɨ/ | j | /x/ |
ll | /dʒ/ | m | /m/ | n | /n/ | ñ | /ɲ/ | o | /o/ | p | /p/ |
qu | /k/ | r | /r/ | z | /s/ | s | /ʃ/ | t | /t/ | u | /u/ |
v | /β/ | y | /j/ |
- Palatalized consonants are written using the unpalatalized forms plus y: ty /tʲ/, dy /dʲ/, ry /rʲ/. For the purposes of alphabetization, these are considered sequences of letters.
- Tone is not generally indicated in writing. When it is shown, it is indicated by an acute accent over the vowel: á, é, í, ɨ́, ó, ú.
- The Muinane writing system is based on Spanish orthography. For that reason, the sound /k/ is written as c before a, ɨ, o, and u and as qu before e and i. Likewise, the sound /ɡ/ is written as gu before e and i, and g elsewhere.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Muinane at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Sources
[edit]- Aschmann, Richard P. (1993), Proto-Witotoan, Arlington, TX: SIL International, ISBN 0-88312-189-1
- Walton, James P.; Walton, Janice W.; Pakky de Buenaventure, Clementina (1997), Diccionario Bilingüe Muinane-Español/Español-Muinane, Santafé de Bogotá: Editorial Buena Semilla, OCLC 468683910