Spotted grass frog

Spotted grass frog
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Limnodynastidae
Genus:	Limnodynastes
Species:	L. tasmaniensis
Binomial name
	Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Günther, 1858
	Spotted grass frog range

The spotted grass frog or spotted marsh frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis) is a terrestrial frog native to Australia. It is distributed throughout all of New South Wales and Victoria, eastern South Australia, the majority of Queensland, and eastern Tasmania. It is also naturalised in Western Australia, having been unintentionally introduced at Kununurra in the 1970s, apparently during the relocation of several hundred transportable homes from Adelaide.^[2]

The spotted grass frog was also formerly known as the "Marbled frog" in South Australia,^[3] although this common name is also used for Limnodynastes convexiusculus, a species of ground-dwelling frog native to northern and north-eastern Australia, and southern New Guinea.

Description

This frog reaches 45 mm in length. Its colour ranges from light brown to olive-green, with large, irregular shaped, green or brown spots on its back. Occasionally it will have a thin, pale cream, yellow or bright orange stripe running from snout to vent. There is a raised pale stripe running from below the eye to the base of the arm. The arms and legs are spotted like the back, and the belly is white.

Ecology and behaviour

This frog is common throughout Australia and is one of the first species to inhabit new dams and ditches. This species is associated with most habitats, including permanent or temporary dams, roadside ditches, ponds, flooded grassland and slow moving creeks, in urban areas, farmland, woodland, coastal areas and arid areas. The frog is usually found in grass or under other cover, near a still water source.

Breeding

The males calling and the breeding will occur pretty much all year round, finishing during summer. The call of this frog varies from a staccato machine gun sounding burst to a single 'Tok' sound, depending on the call race, which varies geographically. The machine gun call is the northern call race, throughout NSW and QLD. The 'tok' call is the southern call race, which occurs in southern VIC and TAS.

The male and female frogs can be sexed by the presence of a flap of skin around the thumbs of the females. This is used to froth the water during amplexus to create the floating foamy nest that it lays eggs in, which is roughly the size of a human palm. The tadpoles of this frog are comparatively large (up to 6 cm). This frog spends a minimum of 3 months in the tadpole stage.

Similar species

This species is commonly confused with the Long-thumbed Frog (Limnodynastes fletcheri), with which there is a regional overlap. The two frogs can be distinguished by a disproportionately long second digit of the inner front toes in the case of L. fletcheri. The long-thumbed frog also has larger irregular shaped spots on the back and a red/purple eyelid, which is uncommon in L. tasmaniensis.

As a pet

Spotted grass frogs are known to be kept as pets;^[4] in Australia this animal may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit^[5]

Notes

^ Jean-Marc Hero, John Clarke, Frank Lemckert, Peter Robertson, Peter Brown, Ed Meyer (2004). "Limnodynastes tasmaniensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T41166A10408098. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T41166A10408098.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Martin, A. A. & Tyler, M. J. (1978). "The introduction into Western Australia of the frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Gunther". Australian Zoologist. 19 (3): 321–325.
^ Waite, Edgar R. (1929): The reptiles and amphibians of South Australia. Facsimile Edition, issued to commemorate the Second World Congress of Herpetology, Adelaide,South Australia, by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 1993.
^ Mark Davidson. 2005. Australian Reptile Keeper Publications. ISBN 0-9758200-0-1
^ "Code of Practice for the Welfare of Amphibians in Captivity - Agriculture". 6 July 2020.

References

Jean-Marc Hero, John Clarke, Frank Lemckert, Peter Robertson, Peter Brown, Ed Meyer (2004). "Limnodynastes tasmaniensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T41166A10408098. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T41166A10408098.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern
Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland, Sydney.

External links

Frogs of Australia
Frogs Australia Network-frog call available here.
Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, New South Wales: Amphibian Keeper's Licence: Species Lists

[iucn_status_12_November_2021-1] Jean-Marc Hero, John Clarke, Frank Lemckert, Peter Robertson, Peter Brown, Ed Meyer (2004). "Limnodynastes tasmaniensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T41166A10408098. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T41166A10408098.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Martin_1978-2] Martin, A. A. & Tyler, M. J. (1978). "The introduction into Western Australia of the frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Gunther". Australian Zoologist. 19 (3): 321–325.

[Waite-3] Waite, Edgar R. (1929): The reptiles and amphibians of South Australia. Facsimile Edition, issued to commemorate the Second World Congress of Herpetology, Adelaide,South Australia, by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 1993.

[4] Mark Davidson. 2005. Australian Reptile Keeper Publications. ISBN 0-9758200-0-1

[5] "Code of Practice for the Welfare of Amphibians in Captivity - Agriculture". 6 July 2020.

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