2012 elections in India

The elections in 2012 were scheduled for seven Vidhan Sabhas and several local elections were also conducted. The 14th presidential election to elect the 13th president of the republic was also held in 2012. The tenure of the legislative assemblies of Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand were to expire during the year. The Election Commission of India issued the dates for the elections in Manipur, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Goa to take place in the first quarter of the year. Whereas the elections were held in Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat in the last quarter of the year.

In the first rounds of elections, Manipur and Punjab resulted in an incumbent government victory; while in Uttar Pradesh and Goa there was a heavy anti-incumbent victory; and Uttarakhand resulted in a hung assembly with an anti-incumbent plurality and in the second round, in Himachal Pradesh, BJP led by incumbent Chief Minister Prem Kumar Dhumal lost due to a huge anti-incumbency wave arising mainly out of corruption and lack of good governance. Congress veteran leader Virbhadra Singh took oath for record sixth term as next Chief Minister. In the western state of Gujarat incumbent Chief Minister Narendra Modi, in power since 2002, was running for his fourth term. Elections, held in two phases, reverted Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), in power in Gujarat since 1995, with 119 seat out of 182.

Presidential election

The 14th indirect presidential election, in order to elect the 13th president, was held in India on 19 July 2012.^[1] On 22 July, Pranab Mukherjee was declared the winner.^[2] Mukheree gained 373,116 MP votes and 340,647 MLA votes for a total of 713,763 votes to win the election. He defeated P. A. Sangma, who got 145,848 MP votes and 170,139 MLA votes for a total of 315,987 votes.^[3] Mukherjee's win was aided by cross-voting.^[4]

Legislative Assembly elections

Goa

The Indian National Congress has been governing Goa since 2005 with coalition partners, despite a controversial vote of confidence.^{[citation needed]} It will go to the election with its ally, the Nationalist Congress Party, under Chief Minister Digambar Kamat.^{[citation needed]} The main opposition BJP will go to the election under the leadership of former Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar. Corruption over mining is expected to be an issue in the election,^[5] as well as the BJP's attempts to reach out to Catholic voters.^[6]

The election took place on 3 March. The result was announced on 6 March.

Summary of the Goa Legislative Assembly election, 2012 result^[7]
Party	Seats contested	Seats won	Seat change	Vote share
Bharatiya Janata Party	28	21	7	34.68%
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party	7	3	1	6.72%
Indian National Congress	34	9	7	30.78%
Nationalist Congress Party	6	0	3	4.08%
United Goans Democratic Party	7	0	1	1.17%
Goa Vikas Party	9	2	2	3.5%
Save Goa Front	0	0	2	0%
Independents	72	5	3	16.67%
Total	—	40	—	—

The BJP emerged as the largest party and along with its coalition partner, the MGP, is set to form the next government. Manohar Parrikar is poised to be the chief ministerial candidate.

Manipur

Okram Ibobi Singh of the Indian National Congress has led Manipur for two consecutive full terms. The main opposition consists of the Manipur People's Party, Bharatiya Janata Party, Nationalist Congress Party and Janata Dal – United.^[8]

There are 60 constituencies for which 2,357 polling stations are to be set up. In a total electorate of 17,40,820 people; 8,51,323 are men and 8,89,497 are women. The major issues are territorial integrity (which ensues from the entry of the Nagaland People's Front (the ruling party in neighbouring Nagaland) into the electoral politics of Manipur), the road blockades of National Highways 39 and 53 and the role of insurgents.^[9]

The election took place on 28 January. The result was announced on 6 March.^[10]^[11] as shown below:^[12]^[13]

Rank	Party	Seats Contested	Seats Won	% Votes	% Votes in Seats Contested
1	Indian National Congress (INC)	60	42	42.43	42.43
2	All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)	47	7	17.01	21.78
3	Manipur State Congress Party	31	5	8.39	17.08
4	Naga People's Front (NPF)	11	4	6.65	32.05
5	Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)	23	1	7.23	19.26
5	Lok Janshakti Party (LJP)	1	1	0.54	35.78
	Total		60

Punjab

Punjab forms the northwest part of India. Its capital is Chandigarh, which is a Union territory and also a capital of Haryana.

In the political scenario, Punjab has three main parties divided into two factions, NDA and Congress. The NDA part consists of Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP), while UPA is dominated mainly by the Congress. The SAD consists of several break-away factions of what once was a unified Akali Dal. BJP has mainly played a supporting role, mainly trying to consolidate the Hindu votes in favour of the alliance. Congress had an upper hand in the 2002 assembly elections, but SAD+BJP combine bounced back quite easily in the 2007 polls.

Punjab Elections 2012 Date:

The state will go to polls in a single phase on 30 Jan 2012 and Punjab election results will be declared on 4 March 2012.

Political Party	No. of Seats
Akali Dal	56
BJP	12
Congress	46
Others	3

Punjab has traditionally voted anti-incumbency in assembly elections. The incumbent government is an alliance of the Shiromani Akali Dal and the Bharatiya Janta Party under Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal. The opposition Indian National Congress contested the election under the leadership of former Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh. The governance of the ruling coalition was the main election issue, besides the issue of the potential succession of the chief minister's son, Sukhbir Singh Badal.^[14]^[15]

A new entrant was the front Sanjha Morcha which consists of the newly formed People's Party of Punjab (PPP) led by former finance minister Manpreet Singh Badal. The Sanjha Morcha consists of the PPP, the Communist Party of India, the Communist Party of India - Marxist and the Akali Dal (Longowal).^{[citation needed]}

The election took place on 30 January, with the result announced on 6 March.^[11] The result is shown below:^[12]

Rank	Party	Seats Contested	Seats Won	% Votes	% Votes in Seats Cont.
1	Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD)	94	56	34.59	42.19
3	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	23	12	7.15	39.73
2	Indian National Congress	117	46	39.92	39.92
4	Independent	-	3	7.13
	Total		117

Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand has turned out incumbent governments in the two elections held since its creation. The Bharatiya Janata Party fought the election under the leadership of its Chief Minister Bhuwan Chandra Khanduri. The main opposition Indian National Congress was led in the assembly by Harak Singh Rawat, but no Chief Ministerial candidate has been proposed. The interim tenure of former Chief Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal, which was marked by large-scale corruption accusations, was likely to be the main election issue.^[16]

The election took place on 30 January, with the result announced on 6 March.^[11] The INC's Vijay Bahuguna was appointed CM despite not having won a vote to be the party's leader in the legislative assembly. This came under criticism over corruption and caste as 24 of the 32 MLAs boycotted the swearing-in in support of the Rajput candidate Harish Rawat (whose caste is now a majority in Uttarakhand) as opposed to the Brahmin CM. Rawat also had the support of the outgoing leader of the opposition Harak Singh Rawat.^[17]^[18] The detailed result is given below:^[12]

Rank	Party	Seats Contested	Seats Won	% Votes	% Votes in Seats Contested
1	Indian National Congress (INC)	70	32	33.79	33.79
3	Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)	70	3	12.19	12.19
4	Independents		3	12.34
5	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (P)	44	1	1.93	3.18
2	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	70	31	33.13	33.13
	Total		70

Notably the incumbent CM B. C. Khanduri lost his seat.
Vijay Bahuguna Won Bye-Election held on 8 July from Sitarganj seat vacated due to resignation of BJP MLA Kiran Mandal.
Thus Increasing Congress Seats to 33
And Reducing BJP strength to 30

Uttar Pradesh

Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party completed its first full-term;^{[citation needed]} however, it came under criticism for corruption and publicity for the erection of statues and parks in honour of its chief minister. In the run-up to the election, the BSP fired some ministers and denied re-election to sitting legislators to avoid the corruption stigma.^[19] Another important issue was the proposed division into four smaller provinces to which the primary opposition party, the Samajwadi Party, is opposed.^[20]

The election was conducted in seven phases on 8, 11, 15, 19, 23, 28 February and 3 March. Voter turnout was nearly 59.5% voters exercising their franchise. The result was announced 6 March 2012,^[10]^[11] with Akhilesh Yadav being the Chief Minister-designate of UP.^{[citation needed]} The detailed result is shown below:

Rank	Party	Seats Contested	Seats Won	Seats Changed	% Votes	% Votes in Seats Contested
1	Samajwadi Party (SP)	401	224	+ 127	29.16	29.28
2	Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)	403	80	- 126	25.92	25.92
3	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	398	47	- 4	15.0	15.2
4	Indian National Congress (INC)	355	28	+ 6	11.63	13.22
5	Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD)	46	9	- 1	2.33	20.07
6	Independents		6	- 3	4.13
7	Peace Party	208	4		2.36	4.53
8	Quami Ekta Dal	43	2		0.55	5.31
9	Apna Dal	76	1	+ 1	0.9	4.86
9	Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)	127	1	+ 1	0.33	1.05
9	Ittehad-E-Millait Council (IEMC)	18	1	+ 1	0.25	5.61
	Total		403

Gujarat

Polls in Gujarat took place in two phases: First phase on 13 December 2012 and second phase on 17 December 2012. The counting was held on 20 December 2012. The BJP have held a majority in the state since 1995 and went to the election under the leadership of Chief Minister Narendra Modi. The Indian National Congress was the main opposition, but did not specified a chief ministerial candidate.

Counting of votes completed on 20 December 2012 before evening which started from 8.00am across the Gujarat State at specified location in every district. Results of the election are as following:

Total Seats: 182
Results declared: 182 ^[21]^[22]

Party	Seats won
BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party)	115
Congress (Indian National Congress)	61
GPP (Gujarat Parivartan Party)	2
NCP (Nationalist Congress Party)	2
JD(U) (Janata Dal (United))	1
Independent	1

The BJP lost in 16 contests by a margin of less than 2%.^[23] The Congress won 46% seats with a margin of less than 5%.^[24]

Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh has 68 assembly seats, with 17 reserved for SCs and 3 for ST.

Summary of the 2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Party		Seats contested	Seats won	Seat change	Vote share	Swing
	Indian National Congress	68	36	13
	Bharatiya Janata Party	68	26	16
	Independent	68	6
Total		68	68	-
Turnout: 74.62 per cent
Source: Election Commission of India Archived 18 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine

Parliamentary By-election

S.No	Date	Constituency	State	MP before election		Elected MP
15	18 March 2012	Udupi Chikmagalur	Karnataka	Sadananda Gowda	Bharatiya Janata Party	Jayaprakash Hegde	Indian National Congress
39	9 June 2012	Kannauj	Uttar Pradesh	Akhilesh Yadav	Samajwadi Party	Dimple Yadav	Samajwadi Party
39	12 June 2012	Nellore	Andhra Pradesh	Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy	Indian National Congress	Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy	YSR Congress Party
1	10 October 2012	Tehri Garhwal	Uttarakhand	Vijay Bahuguna	Indian National Congress	Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah	Bharatiya Janata Party
9	10 October 2012	Jangipur	West Bengal	Pranab Mukherjee	Indian National Congress	Abhijit Mukherjee	Indian National Congress

Assembly By-elections

Andhra Pradesh

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election		Elected MLA
7	10 March 2012	Adilabad	Jogu Ramanna	Telugu Desam Party	Jogu Ramanna	Telangana Rashtra Samithi
16	18 March 2012	Kamareddy	Gampa Govardhan	Telugu Desam Party	Gampa Govardhan	Telangana Rashtra Samithi
74		Mahbubnagar	N. Rajeshwar Reddy	Independent	Yennam Srinivas Reddy	Bharatiya Janata Party
81		Nagarkurnool	Nagam Janardhan Reddy	Telugu Desam Party	Nagam Janardhan Reddy	Independent
85		Kollapur	Jupally Krishna Rao	Indian National Congress	Jupally Krishna Rao	Telangana Rashtra Samithi
99		Ghanpur Station	T. Rajaiah	Indian National Congress	T. Rajaiah	Telangana Rashtra Samithi
235		Kovur	Nallapareddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy	Telugu Desam Party	Nallapareddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy	YSR Congress Party
104	12 June 2012	Parkal	Konda Surekha	Indian National Congress	M. Bikshpathi	Telangana Rashtra Samithi
127		Narasannapeta	Dharmana Krishna Das	Indian National Congress	Dharmana Krishna Das	YSR Congress Party
152		Payakaraopet	Golla Baburao	Indian National Congress	Golla Baburao	YSR Congress Party
152		Ramachandrapuram	Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose	Indian National Congress	Thota Trimurthulu	Indian National Congress
177		Narasapuram	Mudnuri Prasad Raju	Indian National Congress	Kothapalli Subbarayudu	Indian National Congress
186		Polavaram	Tellam Balaraju	Indian National Congress	Tellam Balaraju	YSR Congress Party
212		Prathipadu	Mekathoti Sucharitha	Indian National Congress	Mekathoti Sucharitha	YSR Congress Party
220		Macherla	Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy	Indian National Congress	Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy	YSR Congress Party
227		Ongole	Balineni Srinivasa Reddy	Indian National Congress	Balineni Srinivasa Reddy	YSR Congress Party
242		Udayagiri	Mekapati Chandrasekhar Reddy	Indian National Congress	Mekapati Chandrasekhar Reddy	YSR Congress Party
244		Rajampet	Akepati Amaranath Reddy	Indian National Congress	Akepati Amaranath Reddy	YSR Congress Party
246		Kodur	Koramutla Srinivasulu	Indian National Congress	Koramutla Srinivasulu	YSR Congress Party
247		Rayachoti	Gadikota Srikanth Reddy	Indian National Congress	Gadikota Srikanth Reddy	YSR Congress Party
253		Allagadda	Shobha Nagi Reddy	Praja Rajyam Party	Shobha Nagi Reddy	YSR Congress Party
263		Yemmiganur	K. Chennakesava Reddy	Indian National Congress	K. Chennakesava Reddy	YSR Congress Party
267		Yemmiganur	Kapu Ramachandra Reddy	Indian National Congress	Kapu Ramachandra Reddy	YSR Congress Party
272		Anantapur Urban	Bodimalla Gurunatha Reddy	Indian National Congress	Bodimalla Gurunatha Reddy	YSR Congress Party
286		Tirupati	Konidela Chiranjeevi	Praja Rajyam Party	Bhumana Karunakar Reddy	YSR Congress Party

Goa

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
27	21 May 2012	Cortalim	José Matanhy de Saldanha		Bharatiya Janata Party	Alina Saldanha		Bharatiya Janata Party

Gujarat

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
85	18 March 2012	Mansa	Mangalbhai Patel		Bharatiya Janata Party	Babusinhj Thakor		Indian National Congress

Jharkhand

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
64	12 June 2012	Hatia	Gopal Sharan Nath Shahdeo		Indian National Congress	Navin Jaiswal		All Jharkhand Students Union

Kerala

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
85	17 March 2012	Piravom	T. M. Jacob		Kerala Congress (Jacob)	Anoop Jacob		Kerala Congress (Jacob)
140	2 June 2012	Neyyattinkara	R. Selvaraj		Communist Party of India (Marxist)	R. Selvaraj		Indian National Congress

Madhya Pradesh

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
183	12 June 2012	Maheshwar	Vijayalaxmi Sadho		Indian National Congress	Rajkumar Mev		Bharatiya Janata Party

Maharashtra

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
232	12 June 2012	Kaij	Vimal Mundada		Nationalist Congress Party	Prithviraj Sathe		Nationalist Congress Party