Thomas Perronet Thompson

Thomas Perronet Thompson, portrait by George Hayter

Thomas Perronet Thompson (15 March 1783 – 6 September 1869) was a British Parliamentarian, a governor of Sierra Leone and a radical reformer. He became prominent in 1830s and 1840s as a leading activist in the Anti-Corn Law League. He specialized in the grass-roots mobilisation of opinion through pamphlets, newspaper articles, correspondence, speeches, and endless local planning meetings.

Biography

Thompson was born in Kingston upon Hull in March 1783. He was son of Thomas Thompson, a banker of Hull and his wife, Philothea Perronet Briggs. The name Perronet was from his mother's grandfather, Vincent Perronet, vicar of Shoreham and a friend of John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley. He was educated at Hull Grammar School. He was a cousin of Henry Perronet Briggs. He graduated from Queens' College, Cambridge in 1802 with the rank of seventh Wrangler. From 1803, Thompson served as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, switching to the British Army (as a lieutenant) in 1806. Thompson became Governor of Sierra Leone between August 1808 and June 1810, due in part to his acquaintance with William Wilberforce. He was recalled from the job after complaining about the system by which "freed" slaves were compulsorily "apprenticed" for fourteen years. He wrote that Wilberforce and the Sierra Leone Company had "by means of their agents become slave traders themselves". He threatened to expose this situation, so he was sacked, with Wilberforce himself agreeing to the dismissal.

In 1812, Thompson returned to his military duties, and, after serving in the south of France, was in 1815 attached as Arabic interpreter to an expedition against the Wahabees of the Persian Gulf, with whom he negotiated a treaty (dated January 1820) in which the slave trade was for the first time declared piracy. Whilst in the Army, Thompson was promoted to major in 1825, lieutenant colonel in 1829 and in later years was made a major general. While serving in the Army in India, his second son, Charles, was born at Bombay.

As a radical reformer, Thompson wrote the True Theory of Rent and A Catechism on the Corn Laws. He also joint-owned the Westminster Review for a time. He wrote several articles in the journal supporting universal suffrage, and his articles were republished in 1842 in six volumes.

Thompson represented Kingston upon Hull in the House of Commons from 1835 to 1837 and was elected to represent Bradford between 1847 and 1852, and again from 1857 to 1859.

Thompson died in September 1869 aged 86. Monuments to his second son General Charles William Thompson, his youngest son Lieutenant Colonel John Wycliffe Thompson, who served in the Crimean War, and his youngest daughter Anne Elise are in the chancel of St Mary's Church, Cottingham, near Hull.

Personal life

Thompson married Anne Elizabeth [Nancy] Barker; they had three sons, Thomas Perronet Edward, Charles William, and John Wycliffe.

Thompson's family also included his granddaughters, the historian Edith Thompson, and Ellen Thompson, who were both prolific contributors to the Oxford English Dictionary.

Thompson was interested in music, writing books on harmony and just intonation e.g. for the guitar (Instructions to my daughter for playing on the enharmonic guitar). His mathematical publications were somewhat eccentric. He published a Theory of Parallels in 1844, and was also the author of Geometry without Axioms, in which he endeavoured to "get rid of" axioms.

Thompson was teetotal and a vegetarian.

References

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Thompson, Thomas Peronnet". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 870–871.
• Robinson, Henry James (1898). "Thompson, Thomas Perronet" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 56. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Further reading

• General T. Perronet Thompson by Leonard George Johnson
• "Raising up Dark Englishmen": Thomas Perronet Thompson, Colonies, Race, and the Indian Mutiny by Michael J. Turner (Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History - Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 2005)
• Bisset, Andrew (1884). "Thomas Perronet Thompson" . Notes on the Anti-Corn Law Struggle. London: Williams and Norgate. pp. 36–85.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Thomas Perronet Thompson
• Information on Thomas Perronet Thompson, pub. 1840 (Saunders' portraits and memoirs of eminent living political reformers ...; by John Saunders; 1840)
• Information (Hull City Council)
• Thomas Perronet Thompson
• Thomas Perronet Thompson letters, John Rylands Library, University of Manchester.

Images

• Image from a painting by B. E. Duppa
• Image of Thomas Perronet Thompson (Royal Academy of Music)

Writings

• Google books
• Archive.org
• Papers of Thomas Perronet Thompson (1783 - 1869) [1] (Hull University Archives)
• Correspondence and family papers of Thomas Perronet Thompson (University of Leeds)
• Papers of Thomas Perronet Thompson relating to Sierra Leone (British Online Archives)