Zygoma fracture
| Zygoma fracture | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Zygomatic bone (shown in green). | |
| Specialty | Orthopedics |
A zygoma fracture (zygomatic fracture) is a form of facial fracture caused by a fracture of the zygomatic bone.[1][2] Symptoms include flattening of the face, trismus (reduced opening of the jaw) and lateral subconjunctival hemorrhage.[3]
Signs and symptoms
[edit]When zygoma fractures occur, the most typical symptoms are paresthesias in the upper lip, nose, cheek, and lower eyelid, diplopia, and pain. Particular physical characteristics that support zygomatic fracture include globe injury, impaired ocular motility, globe malposition, orbital emphysema, trismus, palpable stepoffs at the inferior or upper lateral edge of the orbit, reduced feeling throughout the infraorbital nerve's distribution, subconjunctival hemorrhage, periorbital ecchymoses, flattened malar eminence, and widened facial appearance.[4]
Causes
[edit]High-impact trauma is almost always the cause of zygoma fractures. Assaults, car crashes, falls, and sports injuries are the most frequent mechanisms.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Demetriades, Demetrios; Newton, Edward (2011). Color Atlas of Emergency Trauma. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. ISBN 9781139502719. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ Weinzweig, Jeffrey (2010). Plastic Surgery Secrets Plus E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 308. ISBN 978-0323085908. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ Snow, James Byron; Ballenger, John Jacob (2009). Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. PMPH-USA. p. 688. ISBN 9781550093377. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ Ellstrom, Christopher L.; Evans, Gregory R. D. (2013). "Evidence-Based Medicine". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 132 (6). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 1649–1657. doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3182a80819. ISSN 0032-1052. PMID 24281591. S2CID 623223.
- ^ Bergeron, Jeffrey M.; Raggio, Blake S. (June 27, 2022). "Zygomatic Arch Fracture". StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31751088. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
Further reading
[edit]- Zingg, Markus; Laedrach, Kurt; Chen, Joseph; Chowdhury, Khalid; Vuillemin, Thierry; Sutter, Franz; Raveh, Joram (1992). "Classification and treatment of zygomatic fractures: A review of 1,025 cases". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 50 (8). Elsevier BV: 778–790. doi:10.1016/0278-2391(92)90266-3. ISSN 0278-2391. PMID 1634968.
- Kelley, Patrick; Hopper, Richard; Gruss, Joseph (2007). "Evaluation and Treatment of Zygomatic Fractures". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 120 (Supplement 2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 5S–15S. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000260720.73370.d7. ISSN 0032-1052. PMID 18090725. S2CID 28132740.