Acemannan

Acemannan
	; A representative 6-sugar fragment of acemannan
Names
	IUPAC name (2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6R)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-acetyloxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-acetyloxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-4-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-acetyloxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4-acetyloxy-5-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
Identifiers
CAS Number	110042-95-0;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.122.396
EC Number	600-942-8;
PubChem CID	72041;
UNII	UZ29E6L2X8;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00149125 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C66H101NO49/c1-18(75)67-33-34(83)42(26(11-68)102-59(33)110-44-29(14-71)106-63(38(87)51(44)97-21(4)78)113-46-30(15-72)107-64(39(88)53(46)99-23(6)80)111-45-28(13-70)103-60(94-10)35(84)50(45)96-20(3)77)109-61-37(86)52(98-22(5)79)48(32(17-74)105-61)114-66-41(90)55(101-25(8)82)56(57(116-66)58(91)92)115-65-40(89)54(100-24(7)81)47(31(16-73)108-65)112-62-36(85)49(95-19(2)76)43(93-9)27(12-69)104-62/h26-57,59-66,68-74,83-90H,11-17H2,1-10H3,(H,67,75)(H,91,92)/p-1/t26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33+,34-,35+,36+,37+,38+,39+,40+,41+,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56+,57+,59-,60+,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66+/m1/s1 Key: XOYXESIZZFUVRD-UVSAJTFZSA-M;
	SMILES CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2OC(=O)C)O)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]3OC(=O)C)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]4OC(=O)C)O)OC)CO)CO)CO)CO)O[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O[C@@H]6[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]7[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@@H]8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)OC)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C)O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C66H100NO49
Molar mass	1691.484 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Acemannan is a D-isomer mucopolysaccharide in aloe vera leaves. This compound has potential immunostimulant,^[1] antiviral, antineoplastic, and gastrointestinal properties.^[2]

Chemical structure and properties

Acemannan's monomer is mannoacetate linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.^[3]^[4] This polymer is hydrophilic.

Immunostimulant properties

Acemannan has been demonstrated to induce macrophages to secrete interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1); therefore, it might help to prevent or abrogate viral infection. These three cytokines are known to cause inflammation, and interferon is released in response to viral infections. In vitro studies have shown acemannan to inhibit HIV replication; however, in vivo studies have been inconclusive.

Acemannan is currently being used for treatment and clinical management of fibrosarcoma in dogs and cats. Administration of acemannan has been shown to increase tumor necrosis and prolonged host survival; the animals have demonstrated lymphoid infiltration and encapsulation.^[5]

The compound has been found to have an LD₅₀ of >80 mg/kg and LC₅₀ >5,000 mg/kg IV.^[6]

References

^ Ebadi, Manuchair (2006-09-06). Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine (Second ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-0645-2. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
^ Pubchem. "SID 596005 – PubChem". nih.gov. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 2009-04-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Acemannan Immunostimulant". drugs.com. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
^ Harris, C; Pierce, K; King, G; Yates, K. M.; Hall, J; Tizard, I (1991). "Efficacy of acemannan in treatment of canine and feline spontaneous neoplasms". Molecular Biotherapy. 3 (4): 207–13. PMID 1768373.
^ "MSDS: Acemannan Immunostimulant". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-04-02.

[1] Ebadi, Manuchair (2006-09-06). Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine (Second ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-0645-2. Retrieved 23 May 2015.

[2] Pubchem. "SID 596005 – PubChem". nih.gov. Retrieved 23 May 2015.

[3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 2009-04-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[4] "Acemannan Immunostimulant". drugs.com. Retrieved 23 May 2015.

[5] Harris, C; Pierce, K; King, G; Yates, K. M.; Hall, J; Tizard, I (1991). "Efficacy of acemannan in treatment of canine and feline spontaneous neoplasms". Molecular Biotherapy. 3 (4): 207–13. PMID 1768373.

[6] "MSDS: Acemannan Immunostimulant". Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2009-04-02.

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