Battle of Oujda
| Battle of Oujda | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Almohad Caliphate_(1554-1659).svg){kind=small} Marinid Sultanate |
 Zayyanid Sultanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid † | Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
The Battle of Oujda occurred when the Almohad Caliph, supported by the Marinids, directed an offensive against the Zayyanids.[1]
In 1248 the Almohads, joined by the Marinids who had just submitted to the Almohad Caliph, laid siege to the fortress where Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan was staying.[1][2] The Almohad Caliph Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid had set up camp and invited Yaghmurasen to submit to him and recognise him as his overlord.[1] Yaghmurasen rejected this invitation and the Almohad Caliph marched against him, the Almohad Caliph was ambushed and defeated by Yaghmurasen.[1][2][3] The fighting took place in front of the Timzizdekt fortress, south of Oujda.[4]
The Almohad caliph was mortally wounded by a spear blow from a certain Yusuf ben Abd el Mumin, and Ya'kub ben Jabar, a cousin of Yaghmurasan, killed the vizier Yahya ibn Attuch. The death of Caliph Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid caused the dispersal of the Almohad besiegers. In an alternative version, Yaghmurasen out of respect for the caliphal dignity dismounts and expresses his regrets. The injured caliph died shortly after.[4]
The Mu'minid caliph abandons a substantial booty in the hands of the Zianid victors: the Koran of Othman Ibn Affan, third caliph of Islam, (an original copy of the Koranic vulgate having belonged to the Umayyad caliphs, then Umayyads of Cordoba before to be taken by the Almohads during their conquest of Spain), the Dragon's necklace, named in thoban and a number of valuable objects.[4]
The Almohad Caliph was killed, his head was taken and ordered to be shown to the mother of the Ziyyanid sultan, who had advised her son to surrender before the battle and to whom he had, in response, promised to bring the head of his enemy.[1][2][3][4]
The victory enhanced the prestige of Yaghmurasen who then only held the title of amir al muslimin. He is seen as the equal of the other sovereigns of the Maghreb.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Histoire des Beni Zeiyan, rois de Tlemcen, par Abou-Abd'Allah-Mohammed ibn-Abd'el-Djelyl et Tenessy, ouvrage trad. par ... 'Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn 'Abd-al-jalil al-Tanasi. Duprat.
- ^ a b c L'Algérie, coeur du Maghreb classique: de l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (698-1518). Gilbert Meynier. La Découverte.
- ^ a b L'Espagne catalane et le Maghrib aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles: de la bataille de Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) à l'avènement du sultan mŕinide Abou-l-Hazzan (1331). Charles-Emmanuel Dufourcq. Presses universitaires de France.
- ^ a b c d e Véronne, Chantal de La (2002). Yaghmurasan: premier souverain de la dynastie berbère des Abd-Al-Wadides de Tlemcen, 633/1236-681/1283 (in French). Bouchene. p. 27. ISBN 978-2-912946-29-4.