Berberidopsis beckleri
| Berberidopsis beckleri | |
|---|---|
| |
| Dorrigo National Park, Australia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Berberidopsidales |
| Family: | Berberidopsidaceae |
| Genus: | Berberidopsis |
| Species: | B. beckleri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Berberidopsis beckleri | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Berberidopsis beckleri is a species of climbing plant found in cool rainforests in eastern Australia.[2][3] Its common name is the montane tape vine. Ferdinand von Mueller described the plant as Streptothamnus beckleri[2][4] from collections at the Clarence River.
Description
[edit]The Berberidopsis beckleri belongs to one of the three species of the family Berberidopsidaceae.[3][4] The family Berberidopsidaceae belongs with the monotypic Aextoxicaceae to the order Berberidopsidales.[3][4] This plant, is unusual for the core eudicots because they have been placed in the same order to the divergence of Asterids, Caryophyllales, and Santalales.[5]
Was originally described as Streptothamnus beckleri by Von Mueller, in 1862. However, in 1984, Veldkamp moved the species to Berberidopsis on the basis of strong similarities in seed anatomy, pollen and wood, which are clearly different in Streptothamnus moorei.[4][6]
Morphology
[edit]Berberidopsis beckleri is a vine growing. New shoots are produced every year which contribute to the developing of flowers in the axils of leaves before it turns vegetative and producing twining stems.
Flowers
[edit]The flowers of Berberidopsis have a spiral phyllotaxis.[7] They do not have a clear way to distinguish the bracts, sepals and petals. The flowers appear separate from anything else and dependent on long pedicels in the axil of an ovate leaf.[2][4] They contain a progressive loss of red pigmentation from the outside towards the inner perianth parts.
Flowers display a spirally arranged perianth,[7] which increase in size from the bracts to the inner tepals.[8]
Petals
[edit]The petals are the number of perianth parts including bracts that varies between 13 and 16. They have a truncate apex.
Inner petaloid tepals
[edit]The inner petaloid tepals are larger in size than the outer tepal. This tepal creates an urceolate structure which enclose the sexual organs from the plants.
Stamens
[edit]The stamens are arranged in a single sequence with filaments which supports the anther. Stamen number varies between 11 and 13.[2][4] Stamens are surrounded by a crenelated disc nectary.
Ovary
[edit]The ovary is the female organ, contains ovule which develops into seeds. Ovary is elliptical, with a massive style and green stigma lobes.
Leaves
[edit]The leaves are simple, ovate to broad–ovate, alternate, palmately veined.[2][9] They are usually 3 cm to 6 cm long.[2] Leaves are soft and thin, with a hairy look-like structure in the midvein and lowest veins.[2]
Fruits
[edit]The fruits develop into berries surrounded by a persistent disc of style and stigma.[2][8] Their colour is red to black.[2] They usually produce between 100 and 200 seeds.[2]
Distribution
[edit]Berberidopsis beckleri is found in cooler rainforest in Australia, north from the Barrington Tops area in New South Wales to the Queensland border area.[2][9] With the Australian monotypic genus Streptothamnus, Berberidopsis makes up the family Berberidopsidaceae.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ "Berberidopsis beckleri". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Harden, G. J. (1990). "Berberidopsis beckleri". PlantNET - NSW Flora Online. National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Garden. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ a b c "Berberidopsis beckleri". WetlandInfo. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f Ronse De Craene, Louis P. (2017-03-01). "Floral development of Berberidopsis beckleri – can an additional species of the Berberidopsidaceae add evidence to floral evolution in the core eudicots?". Annals of Botany. 119 (4): 599–610. doi:10.1093/aob/mcw241. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 5604600. PMID 28065922.
- ^ The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group; Chase, M. W.; Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Fay, M. F.; Byng, J. W.; Judd, W. S.; Soltis, D. E.; Mabberley, D. J.; Sennikov, A. N.; Soltis, P. S.; Stevens, P. F. (2016-05-01). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. ISSN 0024-4074.
- ^ Veldkamp, J. F. (1984). "Berberidopsis (Flacourtuaceae) in Australia". Blumea. 30 (1): 21–29.
- ^ a b Doyle, James A. (2017), "Phylogenetic Analyses and Morphological Innovations in Land Plants", Annual Plant Reviews online, American Cancer Society, pp. 1–50, doi:10.1002/9781119312994.apr0486, ISBN 978-1-119-31299-4, S2CID 90062603, retrieved 2021-07-13
- ^ a b van Heel, W. A. (1984-01-01). "Flowers and fruits in Flacourtiaceae. V. The seed anatomy and pollen morphology of Berberidopsis and Streptothamnus". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 30 (1): 31–37. ISSN 2212-1676. Archived from the original on 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
- ^ a b Kubitzki, K. (2007), Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.), "Berberidopsidaceae", Flowering Plants · Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 33–35, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_7, ISBN 978-3-540-32219-1, archived from the original on 2021-07-13, retrieved 2021-07-13
- ^ Carlquist, Sherwin (2003). "Wood Anatomy of Aextoxicaceae and Berberidopsidaceae Is Compatible with Their Inclusion in Berberidopsidales". Systematic Botany. 28 (2): 317–325. ISSN 0363-6445. JSTOR 3094000.