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Cardamine maxima

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cardamine maxima

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Cardamine
Species:
C. maxima
Binomial name
Cardamine maxima
Synonyms[3]
Homotypic Synonyms
    • Dentaria maxima Nutt.
Heterotypic Synonyms
    • Cardamine × anomala (Eames) K.Schum.
    • Dentaria anomala Eames
    • Dentaria maxima f. albiflora Louis-Marie
    • Dentaria maxima f. aphylla Louis-Marie

Cardamine maxima is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae.[3]

Taxonomy

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Cardamine maxima was first described as Dentaria maxima by the English botanist Thomas Nuttall in 1818.[4][5] The American botanist Alphonso Wood placed Dentaria maxima Nutt. in genus Cardamine in 1870.[2][6] The name Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph.Wood is widely used today.[1][3][7][8][9][10]

Cardamine maxima is a member of the Cardamine concatenata alliance, a monophyletic group of eastern North American species that includes Cardamine angustata, Cardamine concatenata, Cardamine diphylla, Cardamine dissecta, Cardamine incisa, and Cardamine maxima.[11] All members of the alliance were previously placed in genus Dentaria Tourn. ex L., which is now considered to be a synonym for Cardamine L.[12]

Distribution and habitat

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Cardamine maxima is native to eastern North America. Its range extends north to New Brunswick and Québec, south to Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and west to Ontario and Wisconsin.[11] It is known to occur in the following provinces and states:[3][13]

  • Canada: New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec
  • United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Wisconsin

In the United States, its distribution is centered in New York and western New England (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont).[14]

Conservation

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The global conservation status of Cardamine maxima is secure (G5).[1] However, outside of New York (its center of distribution) it is uncommon (S3) at best.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Cardamine maxima". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph.Wood". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d "Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph.Wood". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Dentaria maxima Nutt.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  5. ^ Nuttall, Thomas (1818). The genera of North American plants, and a catalogue of the species, to the year 1817: Volume II. Philadelphia. p. 66. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  6. ^ Wood (1889), Part IV, pp. 37–38.
  7. ^ Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.; Marhold, Karol; Lihová, Judita (2010). "Cardamine maxima". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 7. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 June 2023 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^ Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2022).
  9. ^ Haines (2011).
  10. ^ Gilman (2015).
  11. ^ a b Sweeney, Patrick W.; Price, Robert A. (2001). "A multivariate morphological analysis of the Cardamine concatenata alliance (Brassicaceae)". Brittonia. 53 (1): 82–95. Bibcode:2001Britt..53...82S. doi:10.1007/BF02805400. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  12. ^ "Dentaria Tourn. ex L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Cardamine maxima". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Cardamine maxima". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2023.

Bibliography

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