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Commemorative Medal of the Expedition to Albania

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Commemorative Medal of the Expedition to Albania
The obverse of the Stefano Johnson-Milan (Crippa Emilio) version of the medal (left), and the reverse of another version with the Albanian double-headed eagle.
TypeCommemorative medal
Awarded forService during the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939
Presented byKingdom of Italy
EligibilityMilitary personnel, merchant mariners, and civilians
StatusAbolished 13 December 2010
Established7 March 1940
Ribbon of the medal
Precedence
Next (higher)Commemorative Medal of the War of Liberation
Next (lower)Medal of Honor for Italian Citizens Deported and Interned in Nazi Concentration Camps 1943-1945

The Commemorative Medal of the Expedition to Albania was a decoration granted by the Kingdom of Italy to personnel who participated in the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939. It was abolished in 2010 after the Italian Republic deemed it obsolete.

History

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The Kingdom of Italy invaded Albania on 7 April 1939 and quickly conquered the country in a five-day campaign. The Italian conquest resulted in the replacement of the Kingdom of Albania under King Zog I with the Italian protectorate of Albania, with King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy as its king. The protectorate lasted from 1939 to 1943. To commemorate participation in the April 1939 invasion, Victor Emmanuel III established the Commemorative Medal of the Expedition to Albania with Royal Decree Number 683 on 7 March 1940.[1]

After deeming the medal obsolete, the Italian Republic abolished it on 13 December 2010.[2]

Eligibility

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Eligibility for the medal extended to personnel of the Italian Army, Regia Marina (English: Royal Navy), and Regia Aeronautica (English: Royal Air Force) and to merchant marine crews who took part in the invasion and occupation of the territory of the Albanian Kingdom between 7 and 16 April 1939, as well as to military and civilian personnel who supported the invading forces in Albania between those dates.

In addition to this officially authorized use, it was the custom of some military personnel to wear the medal in commemoration of their service in the Italian Protectorate of Albania during World War II, which Italy entered in June 1940.

Appearance

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Medal

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The 7 March 1940 decree establishing the medal prescribed the dimensions and colors of the medal ribbon, but left a description of the characteristics of the medal itself to another, subsequent decree. Due to Italy's entry into World War II in June 1940, the second decree never was issued. Therefore, the companies that minted the medal freely interpreted its characteristics without any official guidance or approval. As a result, there are at least four versions of the medal which present different particularities, such as the suspension on a hole at the apex of the medal with either a pin or a double ring.[3] Descriptions of the most widely circulated versions of the medal follow.

Lorioli Brothers-Milan (Publio Morbiducci) version

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The medal consists of a bronze or zamak disc with a diameter of 33 millimetres (1.3 in) with a pin or double ring attachment.[4][5][6] The obverse depicts a group of military men carrying various weapons, with a tank, airplane, and artillery piece in the background. Around the perimeter of the face are the words "Spedizione in Albania" (English: Expedition to Albania) at the top and "Anno XVII EF" at the bottom.[7] The reverse has the words "Italia" (English: Italy) and "Albania" separated by a Savoy knot. A Savoy eagle holding in its talons a fasces wrapped in a ribbon inscribed with the abbreviation "FERT" — an abbreviation of the Latin motto of the House of Savoy, Fortidudo ejus Rhodum tenuit (English: His firmness guarded Rhodes)[8] — is above the words. Below the words is an Albanian double-headed eagle. Around the perimeter of the face are the dates "12-16 aprile" (English: 12-16 April) on the left and "1939 XVII E.F." on the right. Savoy knots are on the edges of the dates.[9]

Stefano Johnson-Milan (Crippa Emilio) version

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The medal consists of a bronze disc with a diameter of 32 millimetres (1¼ inches) and a hook attachment. The obverse depicts an effigy of King Victor Emmanuel III encircled around the edge with the inscription Vittorio Emanuele III Re D'Italia e D'Albania. Imp.D'Etiopia (English: Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy and Albania. Emp. of Ethiopia).[10] On the reverse is the Albanian double-headed eagle holding lightning bolts in its talons, overlapping a fasces with an axe pointing to the right with a five-pointed star. Around the edge is the inscription "Albania Redenta" (English: Albania Redeemed) at top and "VII.Aprile.XVII." (English: VII April XVII) at bottom, separated by two five-pointed stars.[11]

Version Uno ("One") (unknown mintage)

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The medal consists of a bronze disc with a diameter of 32 millimetres (1¼ inches) and a pin attachment. The obverse depicts an effigy of King Victor Emmanuel III facing right, encircled around the edge with the inscription Vittorio Emanuele III Re D'Italia (English: Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy), with dots between the words and "U" to "V".[12] On the reverse is the Albanian double-headed eagle holding lightning bolts in its talons, overlapping a fasces with an axe pointing to the right with a five-pointed star. Around the edge is the inscription "Albania Redenta" (English: Albania Redeemed) at top and "VII.Aprile.XVII." (English: VII April XVII) at bottom, separated by two five-pointed stars.[13]

Version Due ("Two") (unknown mintage)

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The medal consists of a bronze disc with a diameter of 33 millimetres (1.3 in) and a pin attachment. The obverse depicts an effigy of King Victor Emmanuel III facing left, encircled around the edge with the inscription Vitt. Em. Re. D'Italia e di Albania. Imp. D'Etiopia (English: Vict. Em. King of Italy and Albania. Emp. of Ethiopia), with dots between the words and a five-pointed star placed at the bottom, between the beginning and the end of the inscription.[14] The reverse has the words "Italia" (English: Italy) and "Albania" separated by a Savoy knot. A House of Savoy eagle holding in its talons a fasces wrapped in a ribbon inscribed with the abbreviation "FERT" is above the words. Below the words is an Albanian double-headed eagle. Around the perimeter of the face are the dates "12-16 aprile" (English: April) on the left and "1939 XVII E.F." on the right. Savoy knots are on the edges of the dates.[15]

Ribbon

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The 37-millimetre (1.46 in) ribbon, which was described in the royal decree and therefore is the same for all versions of the medal, has 13 vertical lines, each 2 millimetres (0.08 in) wide, alternating in the black and red colors of the flag of Albania. The ribbon has seven black and six red lines.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Royal Decree, 7 March 1940, No. 683, Concessione di alcune distinzioni onorifiche di guerra ai personali che hanno partecipato alla spedizione in Albania ed ai loro congiunti (English: Granting of some honorific war distinctions to personnel who participated in the expedition to Albania and to their relatives), published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia n. 152 (English: Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy No. 152) of 1 July 1940 (in Italian).
  2. ^ Decree of the President of the Republic 13 December 2010, No. 248, Regolamento recante abrogazione espressa delle norme regolamentari vigenti che hanno esaurito la loro funzione o sono prive di effettivo contenuto normativo o sono comunque obsolete, a norma dell'articolo 17, comma 4-ter, della legge 23 agosto 1988, n. 400 (English: Regulation expressly repealing the regulatory provisions in force which have exhausted their function or are devoid of effective regulatory content or are in any case obsolete, pursuant to article 17, paragraph 4-ter, of law 23 August 1988, No. 400, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica italiana, serie generale, n. 20 del 26 febbraio 2011, supplemento ordinario n. 18 (English: Official Journal of the Italian Republic, General Series, No. 20 of 26 February 2011, Ordinary Supplement No. 18) (in Italian).
  3. ^ From the book Guerre e Decorazioni 1848-1945 (English: Wars and Decorations 1848-1945) by Giuseppe Morittu (in Italian).
  4. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT257b.jpg
  5. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT257d.jpg
  6. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT257c.jpg
  7. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT233b.jpg
  8. ^ Meland, Trude; Meyer, Jørgen Christian. "Italian Stamps 1862 - 1945". hist.uib.no. Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  9. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT233d.jpg
  10. ^ https://img23.imageshack.us/img23/1276/medagliacampagnaalbania.jpg
  11. ^ https://img23.imageshack.us/img23/5264/medagliacampagnaalbaniam.jpg
  12. ^ https://img11.imageshack.us/img11/5809/dsc01618.jpg
  13. ^ https://img11.imageshack.us/img11/8935/dsc01617d.jpg
  14. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT490b.jpg
  15. ^ http://www.medal-medaille.com/images/IT490c.jpg
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