Cryptachaea

Cryptachaea
	Female C. projectivulva
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Theridiidae
Genus:	Cryptachaea; Archer, 1946
Type species
	Theridion catapetraeum; Gertsch & Archer, 1942
Species
	See text
Diversity
	ca. 90 species[1]

Cryptachaea is a genus of spiders in the Theridiidae (tangle web spider) family.^[1]

Taxonomy

Many species in this genus used to reside in Achaearanea,^[1] which received a major revision in 2008 by Hajime Yoshida.^[2] The genus was originally established as a subgenus of Theridion.^[1]^[2]

Distribution

This is mostly a New World genus, with many species in South America. One species is cosmopolitan, one species occurs in the whole Palearctic, another only in China.^[1] C. veruculata was introduced to Europe from New Zealand.

Name

The genus name is a combination of Achaea, the old name of the genus Achaearanea, and Ancient Greek κρυπτός "hidden". The genus is called Iwama-himegumo zoku in Japanese.^[2]

Species

Cryptachaea acoreensis (Berland, 1932) — Cosmopolitan
Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884) — Colombia, Venezuela
Cryptachaea altiventer (Keyserling, 1884) — Brazil
Cryptachaea amazonas Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012^[3]
Cryptachaea ambera (Levi, 1963) — USA
Cryptachaea analista (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea anastema (Levi, 1963) — Venezuela
Cryptachaea azteca (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) — Mexico
Cryptachaea banosensis (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
Cryptachaea barra (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea bellula (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart, 1886) — cosmopolitan^[4]
Cryptachaea caliensis (Levi, 1963) — Colombia, Ecuador
Cryptachaea canionis (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929) — USA
Cryptachaea caqueza (Levi, 1963) — Colombia
Cryptachaea chilensis (Levi, 1963) — Chile
Cryptachaea chiricahua (Levi, 1955) — USA
Cryptachaea cinnabarina (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea dromedariformis (Roewer, 1942) — Ecuador, Peru
Cryptachaea eramus (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea fresno (Levi, 1955) — USA
Cryptachaea gigantea (Keyserling, 1884) — Peru
Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) — Australia, New Zealand^[5]
Cryptachaea hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) — Panama to Argentina
Cryptachaea ingijonathorum Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012^[3]
Cryptachaea inops (Levi, 1963) — Brazil, Guyana
Cryptachaea insulsa (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) — USA, Mexico
Cryptachaea isana (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea jequirituba (Levi, 1963) — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Cryptachaea kaspi (Levi, 1963) — Peru
Cryptachaea koepckei (Levi, 1963) — Peru
Cryptachaea lota (Levi, 1963) — Chile
Cryptachaea manzanillo (Levi, 1959) — Mexico
Cryptachaea maraca (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
Cryptachaea meraukensis (Chrysanthus, 1963) — New Guinea
Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884) — Venezuela to Peru, Brazil
Cryptachaea milagro (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
Cryptachaea maldonado Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012^[3]
Cryptachaea nayaritensis (Levi, 1959) — Mexico
Cryptachaea oblivia (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Costa Rica, Panama
Cryptachaea orana (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
Cryptachaea pallipera (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963) — Paraguay
Cryptachaea passiva (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
Cryptachaea pilaton (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
Cryptachaea pinguis (Keyserling, 1886) — Brazil, Uruguay
Cryptachaea porteri (Banks, 1896) — USA to Panama, West Indies
Cryptachaea projectivulva (Yoshida, 2001) — Japan
Cryptachaea pura (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) — Mexico
Cryptachaea pusillana (Roewer, 1942) — French Guiana
Cryptachaea pydanieli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
Cryptachaea rapa (Levi, 1963) — Paraguay
Cryptachaea rioensis (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) — Palearctic
Cryptachaea rostra (Zhu & Zhang, 1992) — China
Cryptachaea rostrata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Mexico to Venezuela
Cryptachaea rupicola (Emerton, 1882) — USA, Canada
Cryptachaea schneirlai (Levi, 1959) — Panama
Cryptachaea schraderorum (Levi, 1959) — Costa Rica
Cryptachaea serenoae (Gertsch & Archer, 1942) — USA
Cryptachaea sicki (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
Cryptachaea taeniata (Keyserling, 1884) — Guatemala to Peru
Cryptachaea tovarensis (Levi, 1963) — Venezuela
Cryptachaea trinidensis (Levi, 1959) — Trinidad, Peru
Cryptachaea uviana (Levi, 1963) — Peru
Cryptachaea veruculata (Urquhart, 1886) — Australia, New Zealand, England, Belgium
Cryptachaea vivida (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
Cryptachaea zonensis (Levi, 1959) — Panama to Peru, Brazil

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e World Spider Catalog (2023). "Gen. Cryptachaea Archer, 1946". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Yoshida, Hajime (2008). "A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Acta Arachnologica. 57 (1): 37–40. doi:10.2476/asjaa.57.37.
^ ^a ^b ^c Buckup, Erica Helena; Marques, Maria Aparecida L.; Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes (2012). "Três novas espécies sul-americanas de Cryptachaea e acréscimos taxonômicos em Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae)" [Three new South American species of Cryptachaea and taxonomic additions in Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae)]. Iheringia. Série Zoologia. 102 (2): 206–211. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212012000200013.
^ Vink, Cor J.; Dupérré, Nadine; Paquin, Pierre; Fitzgerald, Brian M. & Sirvid, Phil J. (2009). "The cosmopolitan spider Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart 1886) (Araneae: Theridiidae): Redescription, including COI sequence, and new synonymy". Zootaxa. 2133 (1): 55–63. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2133.1.5.
^ Smith, Helen M.; Vink, Cor J.; Fitzgerald, Brian M. & Sirvid, Phil J. (2012). "Redescription and generic placement of the spider Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) (Araneae: Theridiidae) and notes on related synanthropic species in Australasia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3507 (1): 38–56. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.3507.1.2.

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[World_Spider_Catalog-1] World Spider Catalog (2023). "Gen. Cryptachaea Archer, 1946". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 25 November 2023.

[yoshida-2] Yoshida, Hajime (2008). "A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Acta Arachnologica. 57 (1): 37–40. doi:10.2476/asjaa.57.37.

[Buckup,_Marques_&_Rodrigues,_2012-3] Buckup, Erica Helena; Marques, Maria Aparecida L.; Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes (2012). "Três novas espécies sul-americanas de Cryptachaea e acréscimos taxonômicos em Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae)" [Three new South American species of Cryptachaea and taxonomic additions in Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae)]. Iheringia. Série Zoologia. 102 (2): 206–211. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212012000200013.

[4] Vink, Cor J.; Dupérré, Nadine; Paquin, Pierre; Fitzgerald, Brian M. & Sirvid, Phil J. (2009). "The cosmopolitan spider Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart 1886) (Araneae: Theridiidae): Redescription, including COI sequence, and new synonymy". Zootaxa. 2133 (1): 55–63. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2133.1.5.

[5] Smith, Helen M.; Vink, Cor J.; Fitzgerald, Brian M. & Sirvid, Phil J. (2012). "Redescription and generic placement of the spider Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) (Araneae: Theridiidae) and notes on related synanthropic species in Australasia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3507 (1): 38–56. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.3507.1.2.

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