Draft:Atwal sept of Jat-Sikh lineage (2)

Athwal ^[1] is symbolically an grand division found among the noblemen associated with the sub-faction of Jat Sikh community,^[2]^[3]^[4] Eventually They become Politically influential Sikh chiefs (misldar) under Lahore darbar after forming the wedding contradiction between daughters of Uthwal Jats with Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Sikh Emperor),^[5] an noble elites of Sandhawalia household, they self renowned themselves as Great Jats of Punjab ^[6]

However in present circumstances Atwal is an common surname often consolidated by the member of Dalit community to mobilised their deprived status in Punjab society. ^[7]

References

^ Chopra, Pran Nath (1982). Religions and Communities of India. Vision Books. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-391-02748-0. The most important Jat Sikh clans are Atwal, Aulak, Bains, Bajwa, Bal, Chima, Chung, Deol, Dhaliwal or Dhariwal, Dhillon, Dhindsa, Garewal, Ghuman, Gill, Goraya, Hor, Hinjra, Hundal, Kahlon, Kang, Khaira, Khosa, Mahal, Malhi, Man, Mangat, Pannu, Randhawa, Sohi, Sahota, Sandhu, Sara, Sekhon, Sidhu, Sohal, Varaich and Virk.
^ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1998). People of India: India's communities. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
^ Sandhū, Gulazāra Siṅgha (1983). Punjabis, War, and Women: The Short Stories of Gulzar Singh Sandhu. Heritage Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8364-0936-9.
^ Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (2016-11-17). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. xvlii. ISBN 978-0-19-252747-9. Only about 200 Sikh family names in Britain are not also found in the Hindu community; these include Atwal, Chahal, and Johal, which are all Jat clan names. Sikh surnames are all either demonstrably formed in Panjabi, or, especially if clan names, have not received a satisfactory etymological explanation.
^ Griffin, Sir Lepel Henry (1890). The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Lahore and Rawalpindi Divisions of the Panjab. Civil and Military Gazette Press. p. 389. Maharaja Ranjit Singh married sixteen wives, nine with the usual rites and ceremonies of orthodox marriage, shadi, or phera, and seven with the less orthodox .. wives... V.-MARTaB KAUR was the daughter of Chaudhri Sujan, an Uthwal Jat, of Mala, in Gurdaspur. She was married to the Maha-raja about the year 1822, and was in receipt of an annual pension of Rs. 1,930 until her death in 1878.
^ Gazetteer of the Jullundur District, 1904. Sang-e-Meel Publications. 2000. p. 59. ISBN 978-969-35-1107-9. According to Mr. Purser (3, 34) the principal villages accused his crime are Jamsher'" in Jullundur, & Gil village Pharála, '"' lawashahr, owned'by Athwil Jats, who call themselves " Great Jats
^ Ram, Ronki (2023-03-01). "Understanding Diversity and Deras within the Sikh Panth (Community): Some Critical Reflections. | Journal of Sikh & Punjab Studies | EBSCOhost". openurl.ebsco.com. p. 151. Retrieved 2024-09-16. Gotras like 'Atwal', 'Gill', 'Sandhu', and 'Sidhu' are often being adopted by many 'ex-untouchables' (Dailit) in their desperate attempts towards upward social mobility. The surname Sohal is commonly used by Jats, Ghumiars, and Tarkhans alike. Many lower castes people have also adopted the Khatri sub-caste surnames like Bhatia, Chadha, Puri etc.24

[1] Chopra, Pran Nath (1982). Religions and Communities of India. Vision Books. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-391-02748-0. The most important Jat Sikh clans are Atwal, Aulak, Bains, Bajwa, Bal, Chima, Chung, Deol, Dhaliwal or Dhariwal, Dhillon, Dhindsa, Garewal, Ghuman, Gill, Goraya, Hor, Hinjra, Hundal, Kahlon, Kang, Khaira, Khosa, Mahal, Malhi, Man, Mangat, Pannu, Randhawa, Sohi, Sahota, Sandhu, Sara, Sekhon, Sidhu, Sohal, Varaich and Virk.

[2] Singh, Kumar Suresh (1998). People of India: India's communities. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.

[3] Sandhū, Gulazāra Siṅgha (1983). Punjabis, War, and Women: The Short Stories of Gulzar Singh Sandhu. Heritage Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8364-0936-9.

[4] Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (2016-11-17). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. xvlii. ISBN 978-0-19-252747-9. Only about 200 Sikh family names in Britain are not also found in the Hindu community; these include Atwal, Chahal, and Johal, which are all Jat clan names. Sikh surnames are all either demonstrably formed in Panjabi, or, especially if clan names, have not received a satisfactory etymological explanation.

[5] Griffin, Sir Lepel Henry (1890). The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Lahore and Rawalpindi Divisions of the Panjab. Civil and Military Gazette Press. p. 389. Maharaja Ranjit Singh married sixteen wives, nine with the usual rites and ceremonies of orthodox marriage, shadi, or phera, and seven with the less orthodox .. wives... V.-MARTaB KAUR was the daughter of Chaudhri Sujan, an Uthwal Jat, of Mala, in Gurdaspur. She was married to the Maha-raja about the year 1822, and was in receipt of an annual pension of Rs. 1,930 until her death in 1878.

[6] Gazetteer of the Jullundur District, 1904. Sang-e-Meel Publications. 2000. p. 59. ISBN 978-969-35-1107-9. According to Mr. Purser (3, 34) the principal villages accused his crime are Jamsher'" in Jullundur, & Gil village Pharála, '"' lawashahr, owned'by Athwil Jats, who call themselves " Great Jats

[7] Ram, Ronki (2023-03-01). "Understanding Diversity and Deras within the Sikh Panth (Community): Some Critical Reflections. | Journal of Sikh & Punjab Studies | EBSCOhost". openurl.ebsco.com. p. 151. Retrieved 2024-09-16. Gotras like 'Atwal', 'Gill', 'Sandhu', and 'Sidhu' are often being adopted by many 'ex-untouchables' (Dailit) in their desperate attempts towards upward social mobility. The surname Sohal is commonly used by Jats, Ghumiars, and Tarkhans alike. Many lower castes people have also adopted the Khatri sub-caste surnames like Bhatia, Chadha, Puri etc.24

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See also

References