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Draft:Pathology outlines

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Pathology outlines
FormationFounded 2001
FounderNat Pernick, M.D.
TypePrivate
PurposeMedical textbook, pathology online resource, pathologist job site
HeadquartersBingham Farms, Michigan, U.S.
63 (June, 2024)
Key people
Over 1,800 authors
Websitehttps://www.pathologyoutlines.com/

PathologyOutlines.com is a web-based, peer-reviewed medical textbook written by pathologists for pathologists and trainee residents. The purpose of the website is to “provide useful information to practicing pathologists and laboratory personnel in 15 seconds or less”.[1] It includes 60 chapters and over 4,500 topics that includes disease encountered in surgical pathology and modalities such as immunohistochemistry and special stains used commonly in pathology practice to diagnose them.[2] Its clinical pathology content includes Chemistry, Hematopathology, Informatics, Coagulation, Microbiology, Transfusion Medicine, Hematology and Laboratory Administration.

Each topic follows a template that consists of sections vary depending on the subspecialty. For example, surgical pathology topics comprise the following sections:

  • Definition/general
  • Essential features
  • Terminology
  • ICD coding (ICD-10, ICD-11, and ICD-O codes)
  • Epidemiology
  • Anatomic sites
  • Pathophysiology (how the lesion arises)
  • Etiology (causes of the lesion)
  • Diagrams/tables
  • Clinical features
  • Diagnosis
  • Laboratory
  • Radiology description/images (typical findings of X-ray, CT scan, MRI, etc.)
  • Prognostic factors
  • Case reports (5 recent cases reported in medical journals)
  • Treatment
  • Clinical images
  • Gross description/images (description and images of excised specimen)
  • Frozen section description/images
  • Microscopic (histologic) description/images
  • Virtual slides (links to whole slides scanned digitally)
  • Cytopathology description/images
  • Immunofluorescence description/images
  • Positive/negative stains (immunohistochemical and special stains)
  • Electron microscopy description/images
  • Molecular/cytogenetics description/images (DNA/RNA findings based on testing)
  • Videos (links to YouTube or other sites)
  • Sample pathology report
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Additional references
  • Board review questions

Under each section, the text is bulleted with practical information listed in phrases. References are provided as links to PubMed medical journals and other pathology related resources.

The image library section includes diagrams, radiology, clinical pictures, specimen gross images, frozen section, microscopy (example below), cytology, peripheral smear, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and molecular / cytogenetics images. Each image includes a short caption and a detailed figure legend.

History

PathologyOutlines.com was founded in August 2001 by Nat Pernick, M.D., a U.S. pathologist with board certifications in Anatomic Pathology and Clinical Pathology.[3] It was created to provide free online medical information for pathologists.

In its first year of inception, PathologyOutlines.com consisted of 5 chapters (Ampulla of Vater, lymphomas/plasma cell neoplasms, pancreas, parathyroid gland and thyroid gland).[1]By November 2011, the website expanded to 80 chapters and incorporated a standardized format so that each topic would be on a single webpage. In December 2014, the website transitioned to a content management system to allow for formatting for mobile devices.

The Editorial process includes a two-tier review by the Deputy Editor or Editor -in- Chief, and an Editorial Board member. To date, over 1800 authors have contributed content to Pathology Outlines.[4] Authors are typically academic faculty who have published at least five non- case report journal articles as first or last author in their respective subspecialities in the past 15 years and have met other qualifications. As of April 2024, there were over 250 active authors.

Editorial Board and Authors

In November 2012, an Editorial Review Board was created, consisting of section editors to conduct peer review of the medical content. In September 2014, the Editorial Review Board evolved into a formal Editorial Board, consisting of practicing academic pathologists with subspecialty expertise. All Board members were required to have previously worked satisfactorily as an author at PathologyOutlines.com. As of June, 2024, the Editorial Board had 1 Editor-in-Chief, 10 Deputy Editors and 52 Editorial Board members.[4] There are also a Board of Reviewers (established in January, 2024), a Resident / Fellow Advisory Board and an Advisory Board.

Debra Zynger, M.D. became the first Deputy Editor-in-Chief In February 2018, and then the first Editor-in-Chief in August 2018.[5] The next Editor-in-Chief was Raul S. Gonzalez, M.D. who served from April 2021 to August 2023.[6] The current Editor-in-Chief, Patricia C. Tsang, M.D., M.B.A, began her 2 year term in September, 2023.[7]

Business Model

Its medical content is free for the pathologist community that also has access to its eblasts (free subscription newsletters) and social media posts on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.[8][9]The website charges for postings of pathology- related jobs, fellowships and conferences as well as corporate banners.

Worldwide Directory of Pathologists

In 2020, PathologyOutlines.com began to assemble a Worldwide Directory of Pathologists, which contained over 27,000 Pathologist profiles as of June, 2024.[10] The profiles originate mostly from the United States (24,000) and Canada (2,200). Quarterly reports provide information on the number of pathologist profiles in the U.S. and Canada, including total profiles categorized by State and Province, as well as by institution and speciality.

Charitable Giving

Charitable donations made by PathologyOutlines.com include scholarship funds such as the Detroit College Promise Scholarship, now operated by the Detroit Public School Foundation.[11] Other scholarship funds supported includes the Pernick Prize, PathologyOutlines.com Endowed Scholarship Fund at the University of Michigan Medical School, PathologyOutlines.com Endowed Scholarship Fund at the University of Michigan Law School and the PathologyOutlines.com Department of Mathematics Endowed Scholarship in the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at Wayne State University.[12][13][14] In 2023, it began supporting the Larry R. Pernick Health Education Fund at the Oakland County (Michigan) Health Department, which is currently funding childhood education programs for HPV vaccination.

Prior grants and prizes donated include a Pandemic Relief Music Award, the Flint Child Health & Development Fund, the International Medical Corps and the Make-a-Wish Foundation.

Website Traffic

Traffic is tracked using Google Analytics with statistics are posted monthly and graphed quarterly.[15] Monthly page views reached 6.0 million in May, 2024, compared to 4.7 million in May,2023.

Collaborations

Pathology Outlines collaborates with the following Pubmed-indexed medical journals to co-publish certain key articles: the Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine [16] and the International Journal of Surgical Pathology.

References

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