Enterosora
| Enterosora | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Grammitidoideae |
| Genus: | Enterosora Baker[1] |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Enterosora is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[1] PPG I also recognizes the genus Zygophlebia, which more recent sources include in Enterosora. As of February 2019[update], many do not have formally published names in Enterosora and are retained here in Zygophlebia.
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus Enterosora was created by John Gilbert Baker in 1886 with the type species Enterosora campbellii.[1] The genus Zygophlebia was created by L. Earl Bishop in 1989 with the type species Zygophlebia sectifrons, formerly placed in Polypodium.[1][3] Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Enterosora is nested within Zygophlebia, which could be resolved by synonymizing Zygophlebia with Enterosora. In 2016, the authors of the PPG I classification considered merging the genera to be premature.[1] A further study was published in 2019. This showed that Enterosora s.s. was monophyletic, but embedded within two clades of Zyglophlebia, with Ceradenia the sister of Enterosora s.l.:[4]
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The Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World has recognized the merger of Zygophlebia into Enterosora.[2] However, as of February 2019[update], many former Zygophlebia species do not have formally published names in Enterosora,[2] so are retained here Zygophlebia.
Species
[edit]As of February 2020[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World (CFLW) accepted the following species. Species placed in Zygophlebia but accepted in Enterosora by CFLW are listed separately.[2]
- Enterosora asplenioides L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora barbatula (Baker) Parris
- Enterosora bishopii A.Rojas
- Enterosora campbelliii Baker
- Enterosora ecostata (Sodiro) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora enterosoroides (Christ) A.Rojas
- Enterosora insidiosa (Sloss.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora percrassa (Baker) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora sinuata Rakotondr. & Parris
- Enterosora trichosora (Hook.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora trifurcata (L.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora uluguruensis (Reimers) Rakotondr. & Parris
Many of the species placed in Zygophlebia in the PPG I system do not yet have published names in Enterosora and so have "comb. ined." in CFLW. All are retained here in Zygophlebia:[2]
- Enterosora anjanaharibensis (Rakotondr.) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia anjanaharibensis Rakotondr.
- Enterosora cornuta (Lellinger) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia cornuta (Lellinger) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora devoluta (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia devoluta (Baker) Parris
- Enterosora dudleyi (L.E.Bishop) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia dudleyi L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora eminens (C.V.Morton) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia eminens (C.V.Morton) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora forsythiana (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia forsythiana (Baker) Parris
- Enterosora goodmanii (Rakotondr.) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia goodmanii Rakotondr.
- Enterosora humbertii (C.Chr.) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia humbertii (C.Chr.) Parris
- Enterosora longipilosa (C.Chr.) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia longipilosa (C.Chr.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora major (Reimers) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia major (Reimers) Parris
- Enterosora mathewsii (Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia matthewsii (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora rouxii (Rakotondr. & Parris) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia rouxii Rakotondr. & Parris
- Enterosora sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora subpinnata (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia subpinnata (Baker) L.E.Bishop ex Parris
- Enterosora torulosa (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia torulosa (Baker) Parris
- Enterosora villosissima (Hook.) Shalisko & Sundue = Zygophlebia villosissima (Hook.) L.E.Bishop
- Enterosora werffii (L.E.Bishop) comb. ined. = Zygophlebia werffii L.E.Bishop
Distribution
[edit]When circumscribed to include Zygophlebia, the genus Enterosora is widely distributed in the Neotropics and tropical Africa, including Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands.[2] The species which Bishop placed in Zygophlebia were mainly native to the Neotropics, with a few African species.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
- ^ a b c d e f Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (January 2020). "Enterosora". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 8.20. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
- ^ a b Bishop, L. Earl (1989). "Zygophlebia, a New Genus of Grammitidaceae". American Fern Journal. 79 (3): 103–118. doi:10.2307/1547292. JSTOR 1547292.
- ^ Shalisko, Viacheslav; Sundue, Michael A.; Villalobos-Arámbula, Alma Rosa; Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Ángel & Vázquez-García, J. Antonio (2019). "Taxonomic novelties in grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) from the Neotropics and Madagascar supported by molecular data". Phytotaxa. 394 (3): 176–208. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.394.3.1. ISSN 1179-3163.