Flores Creole Portuguese
| Flores Creole Portuguese | |
|---|---|
| Larantuca–Sica | |
| Crioulo português de Flores | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Flores |
| Ethnicity | Nagi and Topasses (mixed descent Malays-Portuguese) |
| Extinct | late 20th century (?) |
Portuguese-based creole
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Flores Creole Portuguese (Portuguese: crioulo português de Flores) is a Portuguese-based creole language that was once spoken on Flores, Indonesia. Currently on the island, only in the Larantuka and Maumere regions are loanwords from Portuguese still used in the form of Malay-based creole languages which are collectively known as Larantuka Malay and Maumere Malay. Especially in Larantuka, the "Konféria" group always uses Portuguese in its prayers and bulletins.[1]
In 1512, the Portuguese arrived in the Indonesian Archipelago and began their colonization. However, Portuguese colonization of these islands only lasted briefly because the Netherlands managed to expel them. The Portuguese arrived in Indonesia via Jakarta, Makassar, Ambon, Ternate, and Tidore. After that, they left for the Flores regions (Solor, Adonara, Larantuka, and Maumere) and Timor. They lived in this area for a long time, but then Hasanuddin with the help of Makassarese Muslims from Sulawesi managed to expel them, until then they went to Oecusse (Timor). From Oecusse they went to Dili. Therefore, until now there are several loan words from Portuguese which are still used in Indonesia, and throughout history countless creole languages have been formed on this archipelago, but practically almost all of them have become extinct, including the Portuguese creole language in Flores, with only traces of Portuguese culture remaining in the customs of the local population, such as religion, cuisine, music, etc. In 1999, it was discovered that people on Flores Island were still praying in a 16th-century Old Portuguese that no one understood.[2]
Influence of Portuguese in Flores
[edit]The influence of Portuguese is still widely found on Flores Island, especially in Larantuka (East Flores) and Maumere (Sikka). These are essentially lexical memories, many of which are related to the spread of the Catholicism religion. Most of these lexical items are used in Lamaholot and Snáing (?).[3]
The following is vocabulary in Portuguese used in the Larantuka and Maumere regions (in Lamaholot and Snáing languages). (?)):
- Days of the week (still used today):
segunda-fera, tersa-fera, kwarta-fera, kinta-fera, sesta-fera, sábadu, domingo.
Da Silva, Da Gomes, Joanes, Ribéra, Pârera, Da Cuña, Da Lopez, Carvalo, De Rosari, De Ornai, Rita.
- Kinship relationships:
tio/tia, cuñadu/cuñada, pa (pai), ma (mãe), nina (menina), siñu Da Gomes ("Mr. Gomes", in a 'small' or 'affectionate sense'), nina Da Gomes ("Ms. Gomes", in the same sense).
- Catholic religion:
prosesi (Portuguese: procissão), Reña Rosari (patron saint of Larantuka), tuang mâ (mother god), tuang deo (father god), San Domingu, San Juan, konféria (brotherhood), gereja (Portuguese: igreja), katedral, kapela, paroki, cruz, promesa, Kristang (Christian), missa, paji (father), tuang paji (pastor, sir).
- Everyday terms:
pasear, jandela, meja, bangku, kadéra, garfu, sâpátu, almari (Portuguese: armário), sem, nyora (Portuguese: senhora), statua (Portuguese: estátua), berok (Portuguese: barco), minyoka (Portuguese: minhoca), redaku, sândál (Portuguese: sandália), ose (Portuguese: você), senyor (Portuguese: senhor; used to refer to people who have authority or to elderly people), espada, kamija (Portuguese: camisa), mamonti (Portuguese: monte), tésta.
History
[edit]In 1510, when the Portuguese arrived in the world's largest archipelago, present-day Indonesia. They established several trading posts throughout the islands. On some of the more scattered islands, such as Flores, the Portuguese presence lasted until 1856, leaving a profound impact on local culture.[4]
In Larantuka and Maumere, Portuguese survives in religious traditions and the Topasses community (descendants of Portuguese men and indigenous women) use it in their prayers. On Saturdays, the women of Larantuka pray the rosary in a modified form of Portuguese. In the Maumere (Sikka), many people of Portuguese descent still use the language (possibly (?)). There is a brotherhood called "Reinja Rosari". Portugal withdrew from the island in 1859.[5][6]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "A Semana Santa em Larantuca (Ilha de Flores, Indonésia)" (in Portuguese). Correio do Vouga. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ "Indonésia: uma comunidade de Flores Oriental quer aprender a Língua Portuguesa" (in Portuguese). Ventos da Lusofonia. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Língua Portuguesa em Flores - Indonésia. Especialmente região de Larantuka e Maumere" (in Portuguese). Groups Yahoo. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- ^ "Uma Viagem pelo Mundo em Português" (in Portuguese). Lusotopia. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ "A Herança da Língua Portuguesa no Oriente (Ásia)" (in Portuguese). Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ "A Língua Portuguesa no Oriente" (in Portuguese). Lusotopias. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
