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Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul

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Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul
Birth nameGheorghe Cantacuzino
Other name(s)Grănicerul
Nickname(s)Zizi
Born(1869-12-25)December 25, 1869
Paris, France
DiedOctober 9, 1937(1937-10-09) (aged 67)
Bucharest, Romania
Buried
Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest
Allegiance Romania
 Spain
BranchRomanian Armed Forces
Years of service1883 — 1918
RankGeneral
Commands1st Border Guard Regiment
Border Guard Brigade
Battles / wars
AwardsOrder of Michael the Brave, 3rd Class (October 16, 1916)[1]
Spouse(s)Elena Kalinderu

Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul (December 25, 1869 – October 9, 1937) was a Romanian landowner, general, and far-right politician who was a member of the Iron Guard, and a member of the Legionary Senate.

Biography

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Gheorghe Cantacuzino was born in Paris into the noble Greek Cantacuzino family. He was the son of engineer I.G. Cantacuzino, a descendant of Prince Șerban Cantacuzino. He studied at the Romanian high school in Fontenay-aux-Roses until 1881 and at the "Saint George" High School in France. In 1883 he entered the Military School in Craiova, and starting with 1890 at the Infantry School in Bucharest.[2]

Military career

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In 1892, Cantacuzino became a second lieutenant and was attached to a mountain troops unit. Later in 1910 he was promoted to the rank of major and appointed chief of staff of the Minister of War, Nicolae Filipescu. He participated in the Second Balkan War in 1913 and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1914.

At the beginning of the First World War he was commander of the 1st Regiment of Border Guards from Predeal, with which he occupied the city of Brașov, one of the first victories since the beginning of the war. During the retreat of the Romanian troops in front of the offensive of the Central Powers soldiers, he participated in the battles on the Prahova Valley, from the Rucăr-Bran Pass and then on the front from the Argeș Mountains to the river Olt. Wounded by a shell, Cantacuzino returned to command the regiment after recovery. Cantacuzino was promoted to the rank of colonel and later to the rank of general. He was decorated with the Order of Michael the Brave, 3rd class, for the way he led the Border Guard Brigade in the 1916 campaign. "For the bravery and worth shown on the battlefield in the Carpathians." from the High Decree no. 2990 of October 1, 1916, page 55.[1]

In 1917 he commanded the Border Guard Brigade from Târgu Ocna and participated, under the command of General Alexandru Averescu, in the battles on the Oituz Valley, ensuring the stabilization of the front in this region. After the armistice, the border guard brigade was moved to Iași. In December 1918, after the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest, he resigned from the army considering that the treaty was incompatible with the honor of soldier. He was transferred to the reserve with the rank of general. In 1915 he sold one of his estates in Vâlcea County to buy 15 modern machine guns with which he endowed the regiment.[3]

French General Henri Berthelot, the head of the French Military Mission during the First World War, characterized Gheorghe Cantacuzino as follows: "He is a man whom you must imprison in time of peace and release in time of war."[4]

Instead, the politician Constantin Argetoianu characterized him caustically: "Poor Zizi was a joke all his life and so he will die, but not on the front but in his bed."[5]

Civil career

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Gheorghe Cantacuzino was appointed administrator of civil hospitals and was elected deputy of Vâlcea County from the People's Party led by Alexandru Averescu in 1920 and, later, was deputy of Tulcea County for the Progressive Conservative Party for both 1922 and 1926.[6]

On December 10, 1934, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu appointed him president of the nationalist party Totul pentru Țară, the successor of the Iron Guard, after the latter was outlawed, the de facto leader remaining Codreanu himself.[7]

In 1936, Gheorghe Cantacuzino led a group of Legionnaires who went to fight in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Nationalist faction.[8] After a short stay in Spain, he returned to Romania the same year, leaving only the rest of the group on the front. He died in Bucharest in 1937 and was buried in the city's Bellu Cemetery.[9]

Personal life

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Gheorghe Cantacuzino was married to Elena Kalinderu and was the owner of the building in Imprimeriei Street, no. 3 (later Gutenberg Street). From 1937 onwards, the property served as the Totul pentru Țară party headquarters, in addition to the general Iron Guard headquarters in Bucureștii Noi known as Casa Verde ("the Green House"). In 1940, a second building, built by Legionnaires through voluntary work, was opened on the property.[10]

The original house, located in a protected area and despite a request to classify the building as a historical monument, was demolished in May 2010 due to dysfunctions between the Culture Department of Bucharest, the National Commission of Historical Monuments, and the Ministry of Culture and Prefecture.[6][11][9] As of 2023, the second building on the property (built by Legionnaires) continues to exist.

Gheorghe Cantacuzino was Gheorghe Manu's uncle.[12]

References

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  1. ^ a b Ministry of War, Yearbook of the officers and flags of the Romanian Army who were awarded the order "Mihai Viteazul" , Graphic Workshops "Socec & Co", Bucharest, 1930
  2. ^ Stan Stoica, Vasile Mărculeț, Stănel Ion, Alexandru V. Ștefănescu, Valentin Vasile, Valentina Bilcea, George Marcu, Constanța Pirotici: Biographical Dictionary of the History of Romania , chap. Cantacuzino-Grănicerul Gheorghe (Zizi) , pp. 100-111, Meronia Publishing House, Bucharest, 2008, ISBN 978-973-7839-39-8.
  3. ^ Cezar Ardeleanu, Gheorghe Buzatu, The events of January 1941 in the German and Romanian archives . Introductory study by Dr. Gheorghe Buzatu, Series "Romanians in universal history", Majadahonda Publishing House, 1998.
  4. ^ Sandache, Cristian (2005). Istorie și biografie: Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. Bucharest: Editura Mica Valahie. p. 226. ISBN 978-973-7858-92-4.
  5. ^ Argetoianu, Constantin: Însemnări zilnice - vol. VII, Editura Machiavelli, București, 2003, ISBN 973-96599-9-20, p. 333.
  6. ^ a b "Fostul sediu al mișcării legionare, demolat fără aprobare" [The former headquarters of the legionary movement, demolished without approval]. Historia (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2013-11-08. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  7. ^ Predescu, Lucian: Enciclopedia Cugetarea, Enciclopedia României - Material românesc. Oameni și înfăptuiri, p. 959, Editura Cugetarea – Georgescu Delafras, București, 1940.
  8. ^ Cîrstea, Marusia; Damean, Sorin Liviu; Liciu, Doru (eds.). Istorie și societate. Vol. I. Editura Mica Valahie. p. 549. ISBN 978-973-7858-70-2.
  9. ^ a b "Primăria lui Vanghelie a aprobat demolarea caselor Cantacuzino. Societatea civilă incearcă să le salveze". Ziua Veche (in Romanian). June 1, 2006. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  10. ^ "Fapte nu vorbe...". Bunavestire de duminică. 1 January 1941. p. 11.
  11. ^ Curteanu, Raluca (October 12, 2011). "Primul caz penal pentru o demolare ilegală: un bucureştean riscă să stea trei ani după gratii pentru că a dărâmat o clădire protejată" [The first criminal case for an illegal demolition: a Bucharest man risks spending three years behind bars for demolishing a protected building]. Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  12. ^ Siviu B. Moldovan, "Introductory Study" in "Testis Dacicus" (George Manu), Behind the Iron Curtain: Romania under Russian Occupation, Volume 280 of the series "Romanians in Universal History", Mica Valahie Publishing House, 2010, ISBN 978-973-7858-56-6, p. 17.
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