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Hadjicostas's formula

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In mathematics, Hadjicostas's formula is a formula relating a certain double integral to values of the gamma function and the Riemann zeta function. It is named after Petros Hadjicostas.

Statement

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Let s be a complex number with s ≠ -1 and Re(s) > −2. Then

Here Γ is the Gamma function and ζ is the Riemann zeta function.

Background

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The first instance of the formula was proved and used by Frits Beukers in his 1978 paper giving an alternative proof of Apéry's theorem.[1] He proved the formula when s = 0, and proved an equivalent formulation for the case s = 1. This led Petros Hadjicostas to conjecture the above formula in 2004,[2] and within a week it had been proven by Robin Chapman.[3] He proved the formula holds when Re(s) > −1, and then extended the result by analytic continuation to get the full result.

Special cases

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As well as the two cases used by Beukers to get alternate expressions for ζ(2) and ζ(3), the formula can be used to express the Euler–Mascheroni constant as a double integral by letting s tend to −1:

The latter formula was first discovered by Jonathan Sondow[4] and is the one referred to in the title of Hadjicostas's paper.

Notes

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  1. ^ Beukers, F. (1979). "A note on the irrationality of ζ(2) and ζ(3)". Bull. London Math. Soc. 11 (3): 268–272. doi:10.1112/blms/11.3.268.
  2. ^ Hadjicostas, P. (2004). "A conjecture-generalization of Sondow's formula". arXiv:math.NT/0405423.
  3. ^ Chapman, R. (2004). "A proof of Hadjicostas's conjecture". arXiv:math/0405478.
  4. ^ Sondow, J. (2003). "Criteria for irrationality of Euler's constant". Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131: 3335–3344. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-03-07081-3.

See also

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  • Hessami Pilehrood, Kh.; Hessami Pilehrood, T. (2008). "Vacca-type series for values of the generalized-Euler-constant function and its derivative". arXiv:0808.0410.