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James Reaney

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James Reaney
Born(1926-09-01)September 1, 1926
Easthope, Ontario, Canada
Died(2008-06-11)June 11, 2008
London, Ontario, Canada
OccupationWriter, Artist, Poet, Playwright,
LanguageEnglish
Notable worksPoems (1972), The Donnellys
Notable awardsOrder of Canada, FRSC, Governor General's Award
SpouseColleen Thibaudeau
ChildrenJames Stewart, John Andrew, Susan Alice Elizabeth
RelativesJames Nesbitt Reaney, Elizabeth Henrietta Crear
Website
jamesreaney.com

James Crerar Reaney, OC FRSC (September 1, 1926 – June 11, 2008) was a Canadian poet, playwright, librettist, and professor,[1] "whose works transform small-town Ontario life into the realm of dream and symbol."[2] Reaney won Canada's highest literary award, the Governor General's Award, three times and received the Governor General's Awards for Poetry or Drama for both his poetry and his drama.

Life

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Reaney was born on a farm in Easthope near Stratford, Ontario[3] to James Nesbitt Reaney and Elizabeth Henrietta Crerar.[4] Almost all of Reaney's poems, stories, and plays are articulations of where he grew up.[4] At a young age he was interested in theatre, and created a puppet show for children while in his early teens.[5]

Poet and story writer

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Reaney studied English at University College, University of Toronto, receiving his M.A. in 1949.[6] The same year he also received the Governor General's Award, the first of three, at the age of 23, for his first book of poetry, Red Heart..[7]

Reaney married fellow poet Colleen Thibaudeau on December 29, 1951 in St. Thomas.[3] He has three children: two sons, James Stewart (born 1952) and John Andrew (1954), born in Toronto, Ontario[4] and a daughter, Susan Alice Elizabeth, born 1959 in Winnipeg, Manitoba.[4]

After teaching English at the University of Manitoba from 1949 until 1956, Reaney returned to the University of Toronto to complete a doctorate awarded in 1958; Northrop Frye was his thesis supervisor.[6] Also in 1958 Reaney released a second book of poetry, A Suit of Nettles, which again won the Governor-General's Award.[8]

During the 1940s and 1950s Reaney also wrote and published short stories. While not published in book form until years later, his stories were influential in establishing the style of writing later called Southern Ontario Gothic[6] (later made world-famous by Alice Munro).

In 1960 Reaney began teaching in the University of Western Ontario's English Department.[8] Also in 1960 he put out the first issue of his journal,Alphabet: A Semi-Annual Devoted to the Iconography of the Imagination,[6] which he would edit until 1971. This journal published a variety of poets, including Jay Macpherson, Margaret Atwood, Al Purdy, Milton Acorn,[3] and bp Nichol, and work from such artists as Tony Urquhart, and Greg Curnoe.[1]

Playwright

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For Reaney, the new decade also coincided with "a shift of emphasis from poetry to the public and communal form of drama," starting with The Killdeer.[8] "Though he had been interested in drama since childhood, he was encouraged by a friend to write a piece for the University of Toronto's Alumnae Theatre and the work he created, The Killdeer, launched his drama career (and won a prize in the Dominion Drama Festival)."[9] In 1962 he won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama a third time, this time for both his newest book of poetry, Twelve Letters to a Small Town, and his first book of plays, The Killdeer and Other Plays.[8]

Reaney "followed up The Killdeer with Colours in the Dark (1969), Listen to the Wind (1972), Masks of Childhood (1972) and plays for children."[8] His play Colours in the Dark was produced at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in 1967.[10]

From 1973 to 1975 Reaney wrote the trilogy The Donnellys, which the Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia calls "one of the nation's most important dramas." The three plays debuted at Toronto's Tarragon Theatre, directed by Keith Turnbull.[9] The St. Nicholas Hotel, Part II of the trilogy, won the Chalmers Award. The Donnellys toured nationally in 1975, from Halifax to Vancouver with the NDWT Theatre Company,[3] again with Turnbull directing.[11]

As well, Reaney coauthored several operas with musician John Beckwith, including Night-Blooming Cereus (1960), The Shivaree (1982), and Crazy To Kill (1988).[3]

Other notable Reaney plays include Names and Nicknames, which premiered at the Manitoba Theatre Centre in 1963, directed by John Hirsch and Robert Sherrin); and Alice Through the Looking Glass, which played at the Stratford Festival in 1994, 1995 and in 2014.[9][12][13]

Reaney also enjoyed painting and drawing and his art works, from the 1940s to 1990s, were put on exhibit at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario in 2008.[3]

Reaney died on June 11, 2008, in London, Ontario.[7]

Writing

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Reaney's complex symbolic and poetic regional drama defies categorizing. Reaney's plays are a combination of symbol, metaphor, chant, poetic incantation, choral speaking, improvisation, miming, and child play. Reaney depends on the concept that we, the audience, are all "children of an older growth" and his audience have responded to this expectation. The symbolic quest as the children search for truth and end in reconciliation with the adult world are the basis of Reaney's plays.[14] Critics have called him a colonial, a rationalist and internationalist, a rabid nationalist, a symbolist, and a poet with the myth of coherence who is yet able to say something in an age of the random.[4]

Of his poetry, The Canadian Encyclopedia says: "Reaney's poetry, collected in Poems (1972), has earned him a reputation as an erudite poet at once deriving structures from metaphor, mythology, and a cosmopolitan literary tradition while deeply rooted in a regional sense of place."[8]

Reaney's fiction of the 1940s and 1950s (collected in the 1994 book The Box Social and Other Stories, was "influential in establishing the style of writing that has since become known as ‘Southern Ontario Gothic’. Margaret Atwood has remarked that ‘without "The Bully", my fiction would have followed other paths'.... Playing sophisticated games by switching voice, he achieves a kind of ‘magic realism’, often through the distorted perspective and sense of disproportion of his child narrators."[6]

Awards

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James Reaney won a number of awards in his lifetime:

Publications

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Poetry

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  • The Red Heart. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1949.[15]
  • A Suit of Nettles. Toronto, Macmillan, 1958. Porcupine's Quill, 2010.[15] ISBN 0-88984-330-9
  • Twelve Letters to a Small Town. Toronto: Ryerson, 1962.[15]
  • The Dance of Death at London, Ontario. London, ON: Alphabet, 1963.[15]
  • Poems. Toronto: New Press, 1972.[15]
  • Selected Shorter Poems Germaine Warkenton ed. Erin, ON: Porcepic, 1975.[15] ISBN 0-88878-063-X
  • Selected Longer Poems. Germaine Warkenton ed. Erin, ON: Porcepic, 1976.[15] ISBN 0-88878-090-7 ISBN 0888780915
  • Imprecations: The Art of Swearing. Windsor, ON: Black Moss, 1984.[15] ISBN 0-88753-123-7
  • Performance: Poems. Goderich, ON: Moonstone, 1990.[15] ISBN 0-920259-32-4
  • Souwesto Home. Stan Dragland, ed. Brick Books, 2005.[15] 9781894078436
  • The Essential James Reaney. Brian Bartlett, ed. Porcupine's Quill, 2009).[3]

Plays

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Fiction

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  • "The Box Social," Liberty (Toronto), July 19, 1947.[15]
  • The Boy with an R in His Hand. Toronto: Macmillan, 1965. Erin, ON: Porcupine's Quill, 1980. ISBN 0-88984-031-8 Juvenile.[15]
  • Take the Big Picture. Erin, ON: Porcupine's Quill, 1986. ISBN 0-88984-087-3 Juvenile.[15]
  • The Box Social & Other Stories Erin, ON: Porcupine's Quill, 1996.[15] ISBN 0-88984-173-X

Non-Fiction

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Edited

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  • Major Plays of the Canadian Theatre, 1934-1984 (Irwin,1984)
  • Modern Canadian Plays (Talonbooks,1985)

Except where noted, Bibliography from JamesReaney.com.[3]

Discography

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References

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  • Margaret Atwood, "Reaney Collected", Canadian Literature 57 (1973).
  • Stan Dragland, "James Reaney's 'Pulsating Dance in and Out of Forms'", The Human Elements: Critical Essays, ed. David Helwig (1978).
  • Stan Dragland, ed. Approaches to the Work of James Reaney (1983).
  • Louis Dudek, "Problem of Meaning," Canadian Literature 59 (1974).
  • Thomas Gerry, The Emblems of James Reaney (Porcupine's Quill, 2013).
  • Manina Jones. "The Collage in Motion: Staging the Document in Reaney's Sticks and Stones." That Art of Difference: 'Documentary-Collage and English-Canadian Writing. (1993).
  • W.J. Keith, "James Reaney's 'Scrutumnus' and the Critics: An Individual Response", Canadian Poetry: Studies/Documents/Reviews (1980).
  • Alvin A. Lee, James Reaney (1968).
  • James Stewart Reaney, James Reaney (1977).
  • Richard Stingle, James Reaney and His Works (ECW Press, 1990).
  • Craig Stewart Walker, "James Reaney: Metamorphic Masques,"The Buried Astrolabe: Canadian Dramatic Imagination and Western Tradition (2001).
  • Ross G. Woodman, James Reaney (1971).
  • Two Plays (Ergo Books, 2002) ISBN 0-920516-17-3

References

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  1. ^ a b University of Waterloo
  2. ^ ""James Crerar Reaney," Encyclopædia Britannica," Britannica Online, Web, Apr. 11, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "JamesReaney.com". Archived from the original on 2011-02-03. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
  4. ^ a b c d e Richard Stingle, James Reaney and his Works (ECW Press, 1990)
  5. ^ everything2.com
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "James Reaney," Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature, Answers.com, Web, Apr. 11, 2001.
  7. ^ a b CBC News
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Catherine Ross, "Reaney, James Crerar Archived 2010-02-02 at the Wayback Machine," Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton:Hurtig, 1988), 1831.
  9. ^ a b c "Reaney, James," Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia, CanadianTheatre.com, Web, Apr. 11, 2011,
  10. ^ "Colours in the Dark (1967) production credits". Stratford Festival Archives. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  11. ^ "The Donnellys," Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia, CanadianTheatre.com, Web, Apr. 11, 2011,
  12. ^ "Alice Through the Looking Glass (1994) production credits". Stratford Festival Archives. Archived from the original on 2022-08-28. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  13. ^ "Alice Through the Looking Glass (2014) production credits". Stratford Festival Archives. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  14. ^ University of Guelph website[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Search Results: James Reaney, May 9, 2011.
  16. ^ Reaney, James (1969). Colours in the Dark. Talonbooks. ISBN 0-88922-001-8.
  17. ^ Walker, Craig Stewart (2001). "James Reaney: Metamorphic masks". The Buried Astrolabe: Canadian Dramatic Imagination and Western Tradition. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 9780773520752.
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