Kaernefeltia

Kaernefeltia
	Kaernefeltia californica (right)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Lecanorales
Family:	Parmeliaceae
Genus:	Kaernefeltia; A.Thell & Goward (1996)
Type species
	Kaernefeltia californica; (Tuck.) A.Thell & Goward (1996)
Species
	K. californica; K. iberica; K. merrillii

Kaernefeltia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae.

Taxonomy

Kaernefeltia was circumscribed by lichenologists Arne Thell and Trevor Goward in 1996 to contain the western North American species formerly known as Cetraria californica (the type species) and C. merrillii. The genus name honours Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt.^[1]

In 2017, Divakar and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonymize Kaernefeltia with Nephromopsis, along with several other Parmelioid genera, so that all the genera within the Parmeliaceae are about the same age.^[2] Although some of their proposed taxonomic changes were accepted, the synonymization of the Parmelioid genera with Nephromopsis was not accepted in a recent analysis.^[3]

Species

Kaernefeltia californica (Tuck.) A.Thell & Goward (1996)
Kaernefeltia iberica (A.Crespo & Barreno) A.Crespo & Barreno (2016)
Kaernefeltia merrillii (Du Rietz) A.Thell & Goward (1996)

Kaernefeltia iberica was published invalidly, as it lacked a citation of an identifier from a registration depository.^[4]

References

^ Thell, Arne; Goward, Trevor (1995). "The new cetrarioid genus Kaernefeltia and related groups in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina)". The Bryologist. 99 (2): 125–136. doi:10.2307/3244544. JSTOR 3244544.
^ Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.
^ Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the Abuse of Time! Strict Temporal Banding is not the Future of Rank-Based Classifications in Fungi (Including Lichens) and Other Organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.
^ "Record Details: Kaernefeltia iberica (A. Crespo & Barreno) A. Crespo & Barreno, in Crespo, Divakar, Leavitt & Lumbsch, Biblthca Lichenol. 110: 57 (2016)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

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[Thell_&_Goward_1996-1] Thell, Arne; Goward, Trevor (1995). "The new cetrarioid genus Kaernefeltia and related groups in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina)". The Bryologist. 99 (2): 125–136. doi:10.2307/3244544. JSTOR 3244544.

[Divakar_2017-2] Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.

[Lücking_2019-3] Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the Abuse of Time! Strict Temporal Banding is not the Future of Rank-Based Classifications in Fungi (Including Lichens) and Other Organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.

[Index_Fungorum:_Kaernefeltia_iberica-4] "Record Details: Kaernefeltia iberica (A. Crespo & Barreno) A. Crespo & Barreno, in Crespo, Divakar, Leavitt & Lumbsch, Biblthca Lichenol. 110: 57 (2016)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

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