Jump to content

List of LGBTQ characters in modern written fiction

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of LGBTQ characters in modern written fiction. This article covers notable characters who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer, as well as characters who are pansexual, asexual, non-binary and intersex. Characters listed here should have verifiable third-party sources commenting on their sexuality or gender identity, with additional explanation as necessary. Only notable/significant characters from a given work (which may have multiple LGBTQ characters) need to be listed here.

Names are organized alphabetically by surname (i.e. last name), or by single name if the character does not have a surname. If more than two characters are in one entry, the last name of the first character is used.

Scope

[edit]

A number of different classification schemes have been used to describe sexual orientation and gender identity since the mid-19th century, and scholars have often defined these terms in divergent ways or have failed to define them at all. As such, characters may be described in different ways today than they were historically.[1][2][3]

19th century

[edit]
Characters Work Year Author LGBTQ+ identities in story Notes
Amaro
Aleixo
Bom-Crioulo 1895 Adolfo Caminha Gay
Bisexual
This story, which takes place in Brazil circa 1870, deals with an interracial same-sex relationship between Amaro, a formerly enslaved black man, and his white partner, Aleixo.[4]
Joseph Asten
Philip Held
Joseph and His Friend: A Story of Pennsylvania 1870 Bayard Taylor Gay Joseph and His Friend is considered to be the first gay-themed novel written by an American author.[5]
Carmilla (AKA Millarca and Countess Mircalla Karnstein) Carmilla 1872 Sheridan Le Fanu Lesbian Carmilla, published as part of the book, In a Glass Darkly, is considered the first lesbian vampire story.[6][7] In this story, Laura, who lives with her father, meets Carmilla, and they form a close relationship, with Laura becoming ill as Carmilla draws nourishment from her.
Jacques Collin a.k.a. Vautrin a.k.a. Trompe-la-Mort Père Goriot
Illusions perdues
Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes
1835
1837–1843
1838–1847
Honoré de Balzac Gay Appears in a total of five novels of Balzac's La Comédie humaine, two are cameo appearances; often considered the first openly homosexual character in French literature.[8][9][10][11]
Basil Hallward
Dorian Gray
The Picture of Dorian Gray 1890 Oscar Wilde Gay In this novel, Basil has a "repressed homosexuality" while Dorian has his own ambivalence, meeting with male prostitutes, even proposing to Sybil Vane in an attempt to suppress his homosexual feelings.[12][13]
Arthur Ravener
Captain Dillington
A Marriage Below Zero 1889 Alan Dale Gay A Marriage Below Zero is considered to be the first English-language gay-themed novel.[5]
Jack Saul The Sins of the Cities of the Plain 1881 Anonymous Gay Jack is a male prostitute for other men, and also crossdresses; Sins is one of the earliest pieces of English-language pornography to explicitly and near-exclusively concern homosexuality.[14]
René Teleny
Camille de Grieux
Teleny, or The Reverse of the Medal 1893 Anonymous; attributed to Oscar Wilde Gay Teleny and de Grieux engage in a passionate sexual/romantic affair; Teleny is one of the earliest pieces of English-language pornography to explicitly and near-exclusively concern homosexuality.[15][16][17]

20th century

[edit]
Characters Work Year Author LGBTQ+ identities in story Notes
Orlando

Marmaduke Bonthrop Shelmerdine

Orlando: A Biography 1928 Virginia Woolf Trans The titular character lives for over 300 years as both a man and a woman, before marrying a non-binary captain near the end of the novel. In addition to a semi-permanent metamorphosis from man to woman, Orlando frequently chooses to present as one gender or another by intentionally changing attire, hairstyle and/or speech.
Francis Abernathy The Secret History 1992 Donna Tartt Gay Francis is later revealed as a "mildly tormented homosexual," the only person who seems to have much of "a sexual existence" and is dressed for the part.[18]
Carol Aird
Therese Belivet
Abby Gerhard
The Price of Salt  (a.k.a. Carol) 1952 Patricia Highsmith Lesbian A married woman, Carol Aird, meets and falls in love with Therese Belivet, which results in her sexuality being used against her and relinquishing custody of her daughter, while Therese comes out to herself after meeting Carol, while Abby is also a lesbian character.[19] Later made into a 2015 Hollywood film.
Akhenaten
Smenkhkara
A God Against the Gods
Return to Thebes
1976
1977
Allen Drury Bisexual Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten is married to Nefertiti, but his romance with his brother Smenkhkara contributes to his downfall.[20]
Alexander the Great
Hephaistion
Bagoas
Fire from Heaven
The Persian Boy
1969
1972
Mary Renault Bisexual
Gay
Alexander the Great is involved in a romantic sexual relationship with Hephaistion, and then the Persian slave Bagoas, but is also married three times and fathers a son.[21]
Brigham Anderson Advise and Consent 1959 Allen Drury Bisexual Married US senator Anderson is blackmailed over a secret wartime homosexual affair for which he is unapologetic.[22][23]
Vanyel Ashkevron
Stefen
The Last Herald Mage trilogy 1989–1991 Mercedes Lackey Gay In the series, Vanyel has two sexual relationships, both with male partners, as confirmed by the author, Mercedes Lackey.[24]
Pete Balkis The Throne of Saturn 1971 Allen Drury Gay Astronaut Pete harbors unrequited romantic feelings for his commander, Conrad Trasker.[23]
Balthamos
Baruch
His Dark Materials 1995–2000 Philip Pullman Gay Balthamos and Baruch are old gay men, with their characters poking at existing gay stereotypes in literature, with their relationship growing over the course of the book.[25][26]
Renly Baratheon
Loras Tyrell
A Song of Ice and Fire 1991–2011 George R. R. Martin Gay Never explicitly stated in the novels, but Renly's sexual/romantic relationship with Loras is hinted at, and was later confirmed by author Martin; the TV adaptation makes it clear that they are lovers.[27][28][29]
Berdine
Raina
Blood of the Fold
Temple of the Winds
1996
1997
Terry Goodkind Lesbian In these books, the two Mord-Sith are in a relationship with each other.[30] Berdine comes out as a lesbian in the third book of this series and says she loves Raina. This was later turned into a TV series, The Legend of the Seeker.
Frank Berry The Hotel New Hampshire 1981 John Irving Gay [citation needed]
Molly Bolt Rubyfruit Jungle 1973 Rita Mae Brown Lesbian Molly has numerous romantic and sexual relationships with other women.[31] She confronts the "hypocrisies of both heterosexual and homosexual societies."[32]
Beebo Brinker
Beth Ayers/Cullison
Laura Landon
The Beebo Brinker Chronicles 1957–1960 Ann Bannon Lesbian These books focus on gay and lesbian love, sexual adventure, with a positive, "yet still complicated look at lesbian relationships," in all five of the books in this series.[33] In the first book, Odd Girl Out, a college girl named Laura gets seduced by Beth, and in the next book, I Am A Woman, Laura goes to a bar and meets a butch lesbian, Beebo Brinker, and talks about coming out to her father. The following book, Women In The Shadows, the relationship between Laura and Beebo continues, while Laura's first girlfriend returns in Journey To A Woman, leading to a "drama-laden lesbian love triangle" of Beebo, Beth, and Laura. The next book, Beebo Brinker looks back to the formative years of Beebo.
Anthony Blanche
Sebastian Flyte
Brideshead Revisited 1945 Evelyn Waugh Gay Sebastian is a flamboyant aristocrat, with Charles Ryder having an infatuation with him, with both kissing in the film.[34][35] At the same time, Anthony Blanche is "openly homosexual, sarcastic and decadent."[36]
Patrick "Kitten" Braden Breakfast on Pluto 1998 Patrick McCabe Trans Braden is an Irish trans woman (and drag queen), with "transvestism...a defiant rejection of bigotry, labels, and borders" as one reviewer put it, with Braden refusing to confirm to sexual stereotypes and even flirting with a cop.[37] Later turned into a motion picture, another reviewer noted the prevalence of the "Irish Troubles", with Kitten wrongly arrested and charged after a "bombing in a London disco."[38]
Dave Brandstetter Dave Brandstetter Mysteries 1970–1991 Joseph Hansen Gay A private investigator, he has been called "one of the few convincing gay (male) characters in crime writing."[39]
Harlan Brown
Billy Sive
Vince Matti
Jacques LaFont
The Front Runner 1974 Patricia Nell Warren Gay The book has been called a "gay sports classic," with Harlan Brown described as a homosexual "who longed for romantic love that fully integrated hot sex."[21]
Richard Brown
Louis Waters
Clarissa Vaughan
Sally Seton
The Hours 1998 Michael Cunningham Gay
Lesbian
In this novel, which has strong parallels with Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway, Clarissa rejects a relationship with Richard, a gay man, for the love of her life, Sally, who is invigorated by this love.[40] Louis is also Richard's former lover, with Richard later taking his own life, while Clarissa comes to a full realization of her own identity.
Kitty Butler Tipping the Velvet 1998 Sarah Waters Bisexual Has a sexual/romantic relationship with the main character and marries a man.[citation needed]
Nancy "Nan" Astley
Florence Banner
Diana Leathaby
Lesbian Nan has sexual/romantic relationships with Florence and Diana; all three have also been with other women.[citation needed]
Luis Carruthers American Psycho 1991 Bret Easton Ellis Gay Luis is in love with the male protagonist, but later marries Courtney.[41]
M. Charlus
Jupien
Sodom and Gomorrah 1921–1922
Marcel Proust Gay This book, which has strong homosexual themes, first coming about in the Combray section of Swann's Way, where the daughter of the piano teacher and composer Vinteuil is seduced, and the narrator observes her having lesbian relations in front of the portrait of her recently deceased father. Critics have often observed that while the character of the narrator is ostensibly heterosexual, Proust intimates that the narrator is a closeted homosexual.[42][43] There is much debate as to how great a bearing Proust's sexuality has on understanding these aspects of the novel. In response to Gide's criticism that he hid his actual sexuality within his novel, Proust told Gide that "one can say anything so long as one does not say 'I'."[44] In 1949, the critic Justin O'Brien published an article in the PMLA called "Albertine the Ambiguous: Notes on Proust's Transposition of Sexes" which proposed that some female characters are best understood as actually referring to young men.[45] This theory has become known as the "transposition of sexes theory" in Proust criticism, which in turn has been challenged in Epistemology of the Closet (1990) by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and in Proust's Lesbianism (1999) by Elisabeth Ladenson.[46]
Claudine
Rézi
Claudine at School 1902 Colette Bisexual Claudine is unfaithful to her husband, Renaud, having an affair with her friend Rézi, who herself has a secrete liaison with Renaud.[47]
Clay Less than Zero
Imperial Bedrooms
1985
2010
Bret Easton Ellis Bisexual This is a coming-of-age story narrated by Clay, "a sexually ambiguous eighteen-year-old student", who tries to resume a relationship with the woman he loved in high school, but "leaves a party with a young man".[41][48]
Clarissa Dalloway
Doris Kilman
Mrs Dalloway 1925 Virginia Woolf Lesbian This novel tells the day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a fictional woman in post–war times, and she is strongly attracted to Sally Seton,[49] with both sharing a kiss. Clarissa also recognizes that Septimus dies without revealing his homosexuality, perceiving his failure to speak out as "protecting her private lesbian passion," while Doris later encourages Clarissa to name, at least privately, her "lesbian desires."[50]
Septimus Warren Smith Gay Septimus is haunted by the image of his dear friend Evans, his commanding officer, with implied homosexual relations to them as noted by scholar Jean E. Kennard.[51] [improve source] Septimus later dies in the novel without revealing the secret: that he is gay.[50]
David
Giovanni
Jacques
Guillaume
Giovanni's Room 1956 James Baldwin Gay David, a protagonist of the book, escapes death from the guillotine since his "homosexual urges were experimental in nature" while the narrator is cited as a gay character as well.[21]
Nicholas Dawson City of God: A Novel of the Borgias 1979 Cecelia Holland Gay Nicholas has "a penchant for other men", including the gruff but handsome Stefano Baglione, a heterosexual man who has sex with Nicholas for money.[52][53]
Nicolas de Lenfent The Vampire Lestat 1985 Anne Rice Gay While human, Nicolas shares a romantic sexual relationship with Lestat de Lioncourt.[54]
The Vampire Chronicles 1976–2014 Anne Rice Bisexual Lestat, Armand and most of Rice's male vampires have intense sexual and emotional attractions and relationships with both sexes.[54]
Edgar Deacon A Dance to the Music of Time 1951-1975 Anthony Powell Gay Powell excavates the secret gay history in his earlier novels in the sequence and in the final volume, Hearing Secret Harmonies, a gay-themed exhibition of Deacon's work is a centerpiece.[55]
Paul Denton The Rules of Attraction 1987 Bret Easton Ellis Bisexual In this book, set in Camden like Ellis's other books, Paul lusts for another character, Sean Bateman, saying he slept with him, while Bateman "never admits as much."[41] This book ended up fortifying Ellis's reputation as a "nihilistic authorial presence who reports action but seldom comments on it."
Albus Dumbledore Harry Potter series 1997–2007 J. K. Rowling Gay Though not stated explicitly in the novels, author Rowling said in various interviews that the character is gay, creating controversy in the process.[56][57][58][59][60]
Elinor "Lakey" Eastlake The Group 1954 Mary McCarthy Lesbian Elinar is a lesbian[61] and graduate from Vassar College in 1933, with the lives of the stories' protagonists involving the men in their lives. The Baroness is her lesbian lover, which her fellow seven female graduates realize when she returned from Europe.[62] It was later adapted into a film in 1966.
Alluvia (Alice) Fairfax
Stella
Gut Symmetries 1997 Jeanette Winterson Bisexual Alice has romantic and sexual relationships with both Stella and Stella's husband Jove.[63]
Lucy Farinelli Kay Scarpetta novels 1994–2003 Patricia Cornwell Lesbian Lucy has romantic relationships and casual sexual encounters with other women.[64] Lucy is not well accepted due to her suspected sexual orientation, has occasionally one-night stands, mostly with women and occasionally with men, but she is seduced by Carrie Grethen, early in her career, a relationship which haunts her and those close to her across several books.
Courtney Farrell
Barry Cabot
Chocolates for Breakfast 1956 Pamela Moore Bisexual Courtney develops a crush on her female boarding school teacher, and later has a sexual relationship with Barry Cabot, her mother's bisexual friend who is in a relationship with a man.[65][66]
Jack Forster What Happened to Mr. Forster? 1989
1995
Gary W. Bargar Gay A sixth-grade teacher who is fired for being gay.[67]
Simon Foster
Axel Nillson
A Fairly Honourable Defeat 1970 Iris Murdoch Gay Simon and Axel are gay characters in this novel.[68]
George A Single Man 1964 Christopher Isherwood Gay George is a gay character who is relatable to everyone.[69]
Gilda The Gilda Stories 1991 Jewelle Gomez Lesbian Composed of six vignettes, this speculative novel follows the heroine across her seven lives in the years of 1850, 1890, 1921, 1955, 1981, 2020, and 2050.
The previously unnamed heroine assumes the name Gilda and becomes a vampire in her first life. In those she leads after, her sexuality is explored with numerous women.
Joan Gilling
Esther Greenwood
The Bell Jar 1963 Sylvia Plath Lesbian The novel has a central relationship between Joan and Esther,[61] and it addresses the question of socially acceptable identity, examining Esther's "quest to forge her own identity, to be herself rather than what others expect her to be"[70] while highlighting the problems with oppressive patriarchal society in mid-20th century America.[71] There was the 1979 film adaption of the book, and a lawsuit by Jane V. Anderson, claiming that she was not a lesbian and did not have a relationship with Sylvia Plath.[72]
Jess Goldberg Stone Butch Blues 1993 Leslie Feinberg Trans The narrative follows the life of Jess Goldberg, who grows up in a working class area of upstate New York in the 1940s to the 1950s, and explores her gender identity as a trans woman.[73][74][75][76]
Stephen Gordon
Valérie Seymour
The Well of Loneliness 1928 Radclyffe Hall Lesbian This book, a candid novel about "coming to terms with a lesbian identity," was challenged as obscene, under the Obscene Publications Act of 1857, for its "frank portrayal of lesbianism."[77] Although the book has no language that is explicitly sexual, the lesbian themes were seen as a threat to the existing social order, seen as unpalatable, remained banned in the UK until 1959 when the Obscene Publications Act was amended. However, it was published in the U.S. in April 1929 when New York State courts agreed that "lesbianism in and of itself was neither obscene nor illegal," meaning the book was not either."[77]
Lord John Grey Lord John series 1998–2011 Diana Gabaldon Gay Lord John has sexual and romantic relationships with various men, though he has had sex with and married women to appease societal expectations of him.[78][79]
Darvish Shayrif Hakem The Fire's Stone 1990 Tanya Huff Bisexual Darvish is willing to have sex with anyone, whether men or women.[citation needed]
Maurice Hall
Clive Durham
Alec Scudder
Maurice 1913–1914
(1971)[a]
E. M. Forster Gay Maurice, Clive, and Alec are gay characters in this novel.[21][80][81]
Vladimir Harkonnen Dune 1965 Frank Herbert Gay Harkonnen's sexual preference for men is implied in Dune and Children of Dune (1976), and presented more explicitly in the Prelude to Dune prequel trilogy (1999–2001) by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson.[b][82][83]
Bill Haydon Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy 1974 John le Carré Bisexual Has a girlfriend, a male lover, seduces Ann, the wife of George Smiley, and rumoured to be the lover of Jim Prideaux.[84]
Herewiss
Freelorn
The Goddess
The Tale of the Five series 1979–1992 Diane Duane Bisexual This book is a fantasy with a "bisexual male protagonist whose main love interest is male", and is set in a world with normalized polyamory,[85] with bisexuality and polyamory seeming to "be the default".[86]
Harold Hutchins Captain Underpants series 1997–2015 Dav Pilkey Gay When the two protagonists Harold and George meet their future selves, Harold's marriage to a man is presented in a matter-of-fact way, which some critics praised.[87]
Jeanette Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit 1985 Jeanette Winterson Lesbian This book is a coming-of-age story about a lesbian girl named Jeanette who grows up in an English Pentecostal community.[88] Key themes of the book include transition from youth to adulthood, complex family relationships, same-sex relationships, and religion. A television adaptation of the book was made and aired by the BBC in 1990, starring Charlotte Coleman and Geraldine McEwan, which won the Prix Italia in 1991.[89]
Sgt. Sean Jennison/Betty King Rat 1962 James Clavell Trans A British POW plays the role of a female in a play, and ultimately starts living as a female full-time.
Kasia The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma 1932 Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz Lesbian Kasia is a lesbian who is having an affair with Kunicki's wife, Nina.
Annie Kenyon
Liza Winthrop
Annie on My Mind 1982 Nancy Garden Lesbian This book is a retrospective by Liza, remembering her first semester at MIT, how she met Annie, struggled to recognize her lesbian identity, and they reaffirm their love for each other on the phone at the end of the book.[90] Due to these themes, religious fundamentalists burned a copy of the book, a Kansas superintendent removed it from school libraries, and a lawsuit ensued, with a judge ruling on the side the ACLU, ordering the book to be returned to library shelves. The book is well-regarded as "canonical lesbian-coming-of-age novel."[91]
Keren
Vanyel
Arrows of the Queen 1987 Mercedes Lackey Lesbian
Gay
Keren, a minor character,[92] is life bonded to Ylsa and then Sherrill. Lackey, in making this book, took a stand, refusing the demand of an editor that Vanyel be "straight, or single, or not in the story," and as such he is a gay character.[93]
Joel Harrison Knox
Randolph
Other Voices, Other Rooms 1948 Truman Capote Gay Joel is an "effeminate adolescent," with the narrative showing him have a desire for his cousin, Randolph.[94]
Seregil i Korit
Alec i Amasa
Ilar i Sontir
The Nightrunner series 1996–2014 Lynn Flewelling Bisexual Seregil and Alec are committed lovers, but both have had experiences with women in the past; Ilar is one of Seregil's former lovers.[95]
Renee LaRoche Along the Journey River 1996 Carole LaFavor Lesbian Originally published in 1996, it is the first detective novel to have "an openly out Indigenous lesbian", the protagonist, Renee.[96]
Lark
Becker
The Beauty of Men 1996 Andrew Holleran Gay Lark and Becker are gay characters.[97]
North McAllister
Amos Wilson and Joel
University series 1990–1998 Allen Drury Gay North is a "tormented homosexual trying to keep his secret, but recklessly in love"; Amos is protagonist Willie Wilson's gay son, and Joel is Amos' lover.[98][99]
René Suratt Bisexual René is protagonist Willie Wilson's nemesis, "a bisexual seducer of students".[100]
Dirk McDonald
Duck
Weetzie Bat
Baby Be-Bop
1989
1995
Francesca Lia Block Gay Dirk McDonald and Duck are gay characters in this novel.[101]
Anna Madrigal
Jake Greenleaf
Tales of the City series 1978–2014 Armistead Maupin Trans
Original character Anna is a transgender woman, and Jake (introduced in 2007's Michael Tolliver Lives) is a trans man.[102][103]
Michael "Mouse" Tolliver
Jon Fielding
Ben McKenna
Gay Michael is a tolerant gay man, as is Jon and Ben.[32]
Beauchamp Day
DeDe Halcyon Day
Mona Ramsey
Bisexual While the original series featured gay and bisexual characters, in the Netflix adaption of this series, Shawna is an "explicitly bisexual character."[103]
Anthony Malone
Andrew Sutherland
Dancer from the Dance 1978 Andrew Holleran Gay A beautiful and enigmatic man, subsumed by the "gay social curcuit."[104][105]
It 1986 Stephen King Gay Mellon and Hagarty are openly gay lovers. Mellon was the first of the 1984-85 killings that indicate the return of It. Phil and Tony Tracker are two brothers who are presumed to be gay by Eddie Kaspbrak's mother. Kasprak and Tozier are described as questioning their sexualities as children.[106]
Christopher Metcalfe Now and Then 1995 William Corlett Gay The main character has a sexual/romantic relationship as a boy with another boy at school; later he has sexual and romantic relationships with other men.[107]
Paul Michel
The Protagonist
Hallucinating Foucault 1996 Patricia Duncker Gay Openly homosexual writer, said to have many male lovers, including relationship with male main character/narrator.[108][109]
Luis Molina Kiss of the Spider Woman 1976 Manuel Puig Gay Luis is a gay character in this novel.[110][111]
Roberta Muldoon The World According to Garp 1978 John Irving Trans One of the story's main characters is Roberta, a trans woman and former player for the Philadelphia Eagles, and has a gender re-assignment surgery, becoming the bodyguard of Jenny and one of the best friends of Garp.[112]
Mr. Benson Mr. Benson 1983 John Preston Gay Mr. Benson is "a groundbreaking leatherman and S/M Top."[21]
Myron Myra Breckinridge 1968 Gore Vidal Trans Myra Breckinridge is a transgender woman with a fascination for the Golden Age of Hollywood. The novel is the first written whose protagonist has undergone sexual reassignment surgery. Myra is more or less bisexual in that she pursues sexual relations with men and women.[113][32]
Hélène Noris
Tamara Soulerr
The Illusionist (Le rempart des Béguines) 1951 Françoise Mallet-Joris Bisexual Tamara has a romantic relationship with both Hélène and her father; Hélène prefers men after the affair ends.[114]
Jeff O'Brien
Lloyd Griffith
David Javitz
Eduardo
Henry Weiner
Luke West
The Men from the Boys
Where the Boys Are
Men Who Love Men
1997
2003
2007
William J. Mann Gay Jeff is a gay character whose sexual identity is explored outside the confines of a relationship and what it means to "set boundaries for yourself and your partner."[21]
Laurie Odell
Ralph Lanyon
Andrew
The Charioteer 1953 Mary Renault Gay Laurie, Ralph, and Andrew are gay characters in this novel.[115][116]
Gabriel Okimasis Kiss of the Fur Queen 1998 Tomson Highway Gay The story slowly begins to focus on Gabriel's sexuality and when he confronts this new identity, he descends into "promiscuity and prostitution with constant flashbacks of the abuse he suffered at the hands of the priests."[117][118]
Patrick The Perks of Being a Wallflower 1999 Stephen Chbosky Gay Has a secret relationship with the closeted Brad.[119]
Margaret Prior
Selina Dawes
Affinity 1999 Sarah Waters Lesbian Margaret, also called "Peggy" and "Aurora", is an unmarried woman from an upper-class family, becomes a visitor at the prison, and meets Selina, but she is a prisoner in her life, "dictated by gender rules and societal expectations, as Selina is in her physical cell."[120] This novel is set in a women's prison in London, explores the "Victorian world of spiritualism," and won the Somerset Maugham Award for Lesbian and Gay Fiction.[121] Like her first novel, Affinity contains overarching lesbian themes, and was acclaimed by critics on its publication, and later turned into a feature film.
Pyrrhus
Philoctetes
An Arrow's Flight 1998 Mark Merlis Gay Pyrrhus, the 21-year-old son of Achilles, and Philoctetes, who has a magic bow, are gay characters.[122][123]
Scratch, Winc Nearly Roadkill 1996 Kate Bornstein and Caitlin Sullivan Trans Scratch and Winc are two lovers with ambiguous gender identity, with the plot is told through cyberchats and emails between each other, while the FBI is engaged in a nationwide manhunt to find them.[124]
Danny Slocum The Confessions of Danny Slocum 1980 George Whitmore Gay Danny is the titular character, a gay athlete gay men, and is "sexually broken."[21]
Milo Sturgis Alex Delaware series 1985–2017 Jonathan Kellerman Gay Milo is a gay character.[125]
The Narrator Written on the Body 1992 Jeanette Winterson Ambiguous Narrator of unspecified gender who has sexual/romantic relationships with men and women. Some reviewers describe the narrator as a lesbian.[126][127]
Imogene "Idgie" Threadgoode
Ruth Jamison
Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe 1987 Fannie Flagg Lesbian
Bisexual
A friendship blossoms between Evelyn Couch, a middle-aged housewife, and Ninny Threadgoode, an elderly woman who lives in a nursing home, while her sister-in-law, Idgie, and her friend, Ruth, run a café. Idgie has a long-term romantic relationship with another woman.[128] At the same time, Ruth is married to a man and bears his child, but subsequently has long-term romantic relationship with another woman. Although it is not explicitly labeled as a lesbian relationship, every resident both knows about and accepts Idgie and Ruth's relationship, making lesbianism a theme in the novel,[129] while in the film adaptation, a story of Southern female friendship and love, Ruth had been in love with Buddy Threadgoode, Idgie's brother.[130][131]
Aud Torvingen The Blue Place 1998 Nicola Griffith Lesbian Aud Torvingen, an 18-year-old coming to the U.S., who is the daughter of a rich diplomat, rents an apartment near Atlanta, and becomes an Atlanta cop, but falls into passionate encounters.[132] One of these encounters is with Julia. She remains a protagonist in the book's two sequels,Stay and Always, and becomes "one of the most human and intriguing lesbians in crime fiction."[132]
Jack Twist
Ennis del Mar
"Brokeback Mountain" (short story) 1997 Annie Proulx Gay Jack and Ennis have a long term sexual and romantic relationship despite both being married to women and fathering children. Jack also has sexual relationships with other men and a woman, while Ennis does not. Critics have described both men as gay or, variably, Jack as bisexual and Ennis as heterosexual.[133][134]
Jaret Tyler
Peggy Danziger
Happy Endings Are All Alike 1978 Sandra Scoppettone Lesbian This young adult book is the first one with a "clearly lesbian main character," named Jaret Taylor who comes out in the book's first line: "Even though Jaret Tyler had no guilt or shame about her love affair with Peggy Danziger she knew there were plenty of people in this world who would put it down."[114] Jaret, a future lawyer, endures hardship and discrimination but remains strong even as Peggy, her girlfriend, "wavers in the face of family and small-town prejudices." Scoppettone would go on to write a popular mystery novel series featuring a lesbian detective named Lauren Laurano.
Raymond Tyler, Jr.
Basil Henderson
  • Invisible Life
  • Just As I Am
  • Abide With Me
  • Any Way the Wind Blows
1991
1995
1999
2001
E. Lynn Harris Bisexual Raymond is torn between his girlfriend Nicole and his married male lover; Basil leaves his fiancée Yancey at the altar and pursues a gay lifestyle.[21]
Dr. Ethan Urquhart Ethan of Athos 1986 Lois McMaster Bujold Gay Obstetrician Ethan is from a future society on the planet Ethos where male homosexuality is the norm and most inhabitants have never even seen a woman in person.[135][136][137]
Clodagh Unwin
Alice Meadows
A Village Affair 1989 Joanna Trollope Lesbian
Bisexual
In this story, Alice Meadows questions her identity, having an affair with a lesbian woman named Clodagh Unwin, while she remains married, with her awakening depending on "a heart-wrenching choice between her lover and her family."[138]
Villanelle The Passion 1987 Jeanette Winterson Bisexual In this book, Villanelle is an androgynous and bisexual daughter of a boatman from Venice who crosses paths with Henri, who also has an "ambivalent sexuality."[139]
Wes The Arizona Kid 1988 Ron Koertge Gay Wes is a gay character.[140]
Patience White
Sarah Dowling
Patience and Sarah 1969 Isabel Miller Lesbian This book, which captures "Lesbian-feminist consciousness" in the U.S. in the 1960s, is not only a love story of Patience and Sarah but also became important in the "lesbian literary-political tradition," with Miller's experience as a woman and lesbian shaping the book itself.[141]
Jim Willard
Ronald Shaw
Paul Sullivan
The City and the Pillar 1946 Gore Vidal Gay Jim, Ronald, and Paul are gay characters in this novel.[142][143]
X
Andrew
Joe
Boy Culture 1995 Matthew Rettenmund Gay X (narrator's pseudonym) has sexual and romantic relationships with Andrew, Joe and other men.[21]
Kochan Confessions of a Mask 1949 Yukio Mishima Gay This novel tells the story of Kochan's childhood and adolescence in imperialistic Japan, where he struggles with his closeted sexuality, masculinity and keeping up his mask of heterosexuality.[144]

21st century

[edit]
Characters Work Year Author LGBTQ+ identities in story Notes
Aisling "Ash"
Kaisa
Ash 2009 Malinda Lo Lesbian This story tells the classic Cinderella story, but Ash falls in love with a beautiful woman, rather than a prince, named Kaisa, who saves her "from her oppressive new existence."[145] The twist to this story is described by some as important, especially for "those looking for a girl romance."
Apollo
Piper McLean
Hemithea
Josephine
Lavina Asimov
Poison Oak
The Trials of Apollo series 2016–2020 Rick Riordan Bisexual
Lesbian
Apollo was the god of the Sun, archery, healing, and prophecy and is bisexual.[146] Piper initially dated Jason Grace, a male, but near the end of the series was found kissing a girl by Apollo, proving that she is bisexual. Hemethea and Josephine left the Hunters of Artemis to pursue a romantic relationship with one another and are the current caretakers of the Waystation. Lavina is a Roman demigod at Camp Jupiter who is a lesbian, and she ends up with the tree nymph poison oak.
Chuck Bass Gossip Girl 2002–2011 Cecily von Ziegesar Bisexual In this series, Chuck was bisexual, although this was never explored in the Gossip Girl TV show, which creator Joshua Safran said he regretted.[147]
Darla / "Chardonnay" Final Destination: Looks Could Kill 2005 Nancy A. Collins Lesbian
Tori Beaugrand Quicksilver 2013 R. J. Anderson Asexual Tori, an engineer, hacker, and friend, is asexual, an important part of her life, as she mediates on an attempt to have a sexual relationship.[148] Her friend Milo wants their relationship to be sexual but he respects the sexual orientation of Tori. In a post on Livejournal, the author explained how Tori being asexual "adds a layer of complication and delicacy to her relationships with her parents and her best (male) friend," Milo, while explaining some of her choices.[149]
Ben The Darkest Part of the Forest 2015 Holly Black Gay Ben is a gay brother of the book protagonist, Hazel, and he also loves the sleeping prince.[150]
Sadie Kane

Walt Stone
Anubis

The Serpent's Shadow (The Kane Chronicles) 2012 Rick Riordan Polyamorous Sadie had crushes on both Walt and Anubis who also liked her. In The Serpent's Shadow they merge bodies but still keep separate thoughts. Both Walt and Anubis are still aware of everything around them so when Sadie starts dating, she is essentially in a polyamorous relationship.
Elizabeth Bennett
Caroline Bingley
Charlotte Lucas
Gay Pride and Prejudice 2012 Kate Christie Lesbian In this story, which takes the original text of Pride and Prejudice, tweaking it and rewriting passages to "queer-up the story," Caroline Bingley has a crush on Elizabeth Bennett, while Charlotte Lucas never thinks “highly either of men or matrimony."[151]
Goran Beviin
Medrit Vasur
Star Wars: Legacy of the Force series 2006–2008 Karen Traviss Gay Married couple from the Star Wars Legends continuity, although it was subtle enough that some fans did not pick up on this, misinterpreting it, because they not explicitly noted as gay.[152][153] Traviss, in a post on her website, described them as a gay couple in a same-sex marriage, saying it was important for Star Wars to have "its first gay characters," writing that these characters are gay as a detail rather than a major plot point because it is just a normal part of their lives.[154]
Brandon
Angel
Freakboy 2013 Kristin Elizabeth Clark Trans The protagonists of the story, Angel and Brandon, are struggling to find their identity and where they fit in.[155]
Cade
Dylan
The Love Interest 2017 Cale Dietrich Gay Caden is gay, while Dylan is either gay or bisexual.[156][157]
Calixte
Tzara
Thyon Nero
Ruza
Strange the Dreamer series 2017–2018 Laini Taylor Lesbian
Bisexual
Gay
Calixte and Tzara enter a long-term lesbian relationship with each other at the start of the series, while Thyon Nero has never been romantically or sexually attracted to a woman, but finds himself drawn to Ruza, who seems to reciprocate his interest, making them both gay or in Ruza's case at least bisexual.[158]
Jason Carrillo
Kyle Meeks
Nelson Glassman
Rainbow Boys 2001 Alex Sánchez Gay Kyle is infatuated with Jason, a popular boy at the school, and Kyle establishes a Gay-Straight Alliance at the school, while Jason realizes he likes Kyle, even as Nelson is attracted to Kyle, his best friend.[159]
Riley Cavanaugh Symptoms of Being Human 2016 Jeff Garvin Genderfluid Riley is the daughter of a prominent Southern Californian politician, navigates being genderfluid "and experiencing panic attacks," while running a blog, and even Andie Gingham, a trans girl, reaches out to her for advice.[160]
Emily Christina Being Emily 2012 Rachel Gold Trans Never comfortable with being seen as a boy, they originally hide themselves as a girl, until they can no longer stand it anymore, with a psychologist later helping them in the coming-out process.[161]
Clariel Clariel 2014 Garth Nix Asexual, aromantic The protagonist "stands out for her assured asexuality" as she does not see the appeal of sex, wanting to live alone in the woods as a forest ranger.[162] But at her current age her parents try to push her to marry a man who is the son of "an unpleasant political ally."
Cooper Clay
Kris Greene
Mikhail Powers
One of Us Is Lying 2017 Karen M. McManus Gay Cooper was a promising baseball star who was accused of steroid use by one of Simon Kelleher's post, but it was later revealed that the original post was edited. This post revealed that he was gay and in a relation with Kris Greene. Later, Mikhail shows anger about it, since he is also gay and was forced out of the closet, as Bronwyn Rojas remembers.
Click Roving Pack 2012 Sassafrass Lowrey Trans This is a story of "transgender gutterpunks" as one reviewer calls it, with Click, and the other young protagonists fighting for "the right to have a future, and, furthermore, the future they themselves choose."[163] This story focuses on youth near Portland, many of which are parentless, homeless, and "without mooring."
Mia Corvere
Ashlinn Järnheim
Godsgrave
(The Nevernight Chronicle series)
2017 Jay Kristoff Bisexual
Lesbian
Mia Corvere, is an infamous assassin and fugitive slave, is fleeing from the Blades of the Red Church and Luminatii legion, with her family wanting her to die and her mentor in hands of her foes.[164] She works with many individuals, like her lover, Ashlinn, to find out the "final answer to the riddle of her life."
Fever Crumb Fever Crumb Series 2009–2011 Philip Reeve Bisexual Fever first falls in love with the male Arlo Thursday, and later with the female Cluny Morvish.[165]
Anne Damer Life Mask 2004 Emma Donoghue Lesbian This book is set in late 18th century London, telling the story of three women caught in a love triangle, one of whom is Anna, whose "lesbian side" is not realized until the end of the book.[166]
Ambassador Dannyl
Tayend of Tremmelin
The Black Magician trilogy 2001–2003 Trudi Canavan Gay Dannyl has relationship with his assistant, Tayend of Tremmelin, who is referred to in the novel as a "lad."[167]
David/Daniela The Adventures of Tulip, Birthday Wish Fairy 2012 S. Bear Bergman and Suzy Malik Trans David is granted a wish by the story's protagonist, Tulip, to live as a girl named Daniela.[168][169]
David/Kate, Leo The Art of Being Normal 2015 Lisa Williamson Trans David is a 14-year-old kid who struggles with their gender identity which most of his fellow students do not understand, and neither do his parents, becomes isolated until he meets Leo Denton, who becomes one of his fast friends.[170]
Nico di Angelo
Will Solace
Camp Half-Blood Chronicles 2013–2023 Rick Riordan
Mark Oshiro (The Sun and the Star)
Gay
Bisexual
Nico is gay, and Will is bisexual as revealed in The Sun and the Star. They become a couple in between The Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo with The Sun and the Star revealing the history of their relationship and exploring it more. Nico is also revealed to have had a crush on Percy Jackson and was previously extremely closeted. In turn, Will is depicted as having a crush on the goddess Persephone.[171][172]
William Day Where the Dead Wait 2023 Ally Wilkes Gay William Day is a closet gay in love with Jesse Stevens during two expeditions to the Arctic.[173]
Ella Just Girls 2014 Rachel Gold Trans Ella is a fully-transitioned, but closeted, trans woman who deals with a lot of transphobia while she explores her gender identity with a cisgender lesbian named Jess Tucker.[174]
Emily The Butterfly and the Flame 2005 Dana De Young Trans This book focuses on Emily, a trans girl in her teens, who is in a relationship with a boy, the son of the person who owns the farm their family lives on.[175]
Emras Banner of the Damned 2013 Sherwood Smith Asexual In this book, there are a variety of sexual orientations, with Emras choosing to be asexual.[148] Despite the problematic element that she can decide her own sexual orientation, she realizes that this "choice" is actually a "way of being."
Tamar Kir-Bataar Tolya Kir-Bataar
Jesper Fahey
Wylan Van Eck
Nina Zenik
Hanne Brum
Grishaverse 2012–2021 Leigh Bardugo Lesbian
Bisexual
Gay
Asexual
Pansexual
Trans
Tamar is lesbian and married to a woman, Nadia Zhabin. Tolya is asexual - when asked about his lovers, he says he isn't interested. Jesper is bisexual, and Wylan is gay; they begin dating each other by the end of the duology. Nina has also been confirmed to be pansexual.[176] Hanne is trans, expressing unhappiness about their female body and feeling more comfortable when ending up in a man's body.[177]
Alex Fierro
Magnus Chase
Magnus Chase and the Hammer of Thor 2016 Rick Riordan Genderfluid
Pansexual
Alex is Magnus Chase's love interest. She is genderfluid and identifies as either a girl or a boy depending on the present moment, changing pronouns as appropriate. She goes by she/he pronouns, but has specified she uses she/her unless she says otherwise. Magnus' crush on her regardless of gender means that he is most likely pansexual, but also possibly polysexual or bisexual.[178]
Gabe (Elizabeth) Beautiful Music for Ugly Children 2012 Kirstin Cronn-Mills Trans A DJ and lover of music, he hides his true identity as a trans boy in public, only being himself (Gabe) on air. He is forcibly outed, dealing with much backlash, but is supported en masse by his listeners.[179]
Joanna "Jo" Gordon
Mary Carlson
Georgia Peaches and Other Forbidden Fruit 2016 Jayde Robin Brown Lesbian In this sweet teen romance, Joanna, an "evangelical lesbian in a small Southern town," and Mary meet each other, as Joanna struggles to figure out her identity, but never considers it sinful.[180] Even though Joanna and Mary are White, "the rest of their friends display considerable diversity," with one reviewer hoping it will help people "bridge the gap between faith and sexuality."[181]
Will Grayson[c]
Tiny Cooper
Will Grayson, Will Grayson 2010 John Green
David Levithan
Gay One of the book's co-prostagonists, named Will Grayson is gay and is "struggling with coming out," while the other is a major character in a "one-man gay-freedom-day band named Tiny Cooper."[182]
Basilton Grimm-Pitch
Simon Snow
Carry On 2015 Rainbow Rowell Gay
Bisexual
Basilton and Simon are in a romantic relationship, in this book which borrows themes from Harry Potter, with Simon as bisexual and Basilton as gay, with some reviewers saying the book engaged in bisexual erasure.[183][184]
Nick Guest
Wani Ouradi
Leo Charles
The Line of Beauty 2004 Alan Hollinghurst Gay Nick is a graduate of Oxford University who has a love affair with a council worker before he falls in love "with a cocaine-addicted millionaire."[185]
Rosemary Harper
Sissix
The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet 2015 Becky Chambers Lesbian
Bisexual
Rosemary Harper and Sissix are both either lesbian or bisexual as the two women enter a relationship with each other over the course of the novel.[186] In her review, Casey Stepaniuk describes the book as "like Star Trek but with lesbians and more aliens."
Sage Hendrix Almost Perfect 2009 Brian Katcher Trans This story follows the relationship between Sage, a trans girl in her teens, and Logan, a straight man, who becomes more accepting and supportive of them.[187][188]
Ijeoma
Amina
Under the Udala Trees 2015 Chinelo Okparanta Lesbian Ijeoma and Amina fall in love with each other as children and keep loving each other way into adulthood.[189]
Wilma Irrling Die Wilden Hühner und die Liebe 2003 Cornelia Funke Lesbian Wilma is one of the five main characters. She falls in love with Leonie, a girl from her theatre group and eventually comes out to her friends.[190]
J I Am J 2011 Cris Beam Trans J, who lives with his parents in a Manhattan apartment, and struggles with his gender identity.[191]
Jackdaw I Am Princess X 2015 Cherie Priest Gay [192]
Jackson Call Me Home: A Novel 2015 Megan Kruse Gay [193]
Jared
Nathan
The Rest of Us Just Live Here 2015 Patrick Ness Gay
Bisexual
Jared is gay, while Nathan is either bisexual or gay. They start seeing each other over the course of the novel.[194]
Holland Jeager
Cece
Keeping You a Secret 2003 Julie Anne Peters Lesbian In this coming out novel, Holland is intrigued by a student transferring to her school who "wants to start a Lesbigay club at school."[195] In the process, Holland faces homophobia, and begins a relationship with Cece, adjusting to her new sexuality quickly.[196]
Jo
Lara
Ukiah Oregon series 2001–2004 Wen Spencer Lesbian In this series of books, Jo and Lara are the mothers of Ukiah Oregon, the story's protagonist. In the first book, Alien Taste, it is revealed that Ukriah was raised first by wolves, then by Jo and Lara.[197] Jo and Lara also appear in the three other books in the series, Tainted Trail, Bitter Waters, and Dog Warrior, but only as minor characters.
Josh Holding Still For As Long As Possible 2009 Zoe Whittall Trans Josh is a trans man and EMT who struggles with his identity.[198]
Jude
Willem
JB
Caleb
A Little Life 2015 Hanya Yanagihara Gay
Bisexual
JB and Caleb are gay. Willem is bisexual and has had relationships with women prior to his relationship with Jude. Jude is implicitly stated to be asexual, given that he does not enjoy engaging in sexual activities and does not understand the appeal of sex, even when he is in a healthy relationship with Willem.[199]
Suruga Kanbaru Monogatari Series 2006–present Nisio Isin Lesbian Kanbaru's first arc in Bakemonogatari revolves around her unrequited love for Hitagi Senjougahara.
  • Vincent Katherinessen
  • Michelangelo Kusanagi-Jones
  • Claude Singapore
  • Maiju Montevideo
Carnival 2006 Elizabeth Bear Lesbian
Gay
This story revolves around two spies sent to steal alien tech from Amazonia, a "planet ruled by man-enslaving lesbians" like Claude and Maiju.[200] Additionally, the two spies, Vincent and Michelangelo are homosexuals from a world with "regressive and repressive mores."[201]
Grady (Angela) Katz-McNair Parrotfish 2011 Ellen Wittlinger Trans Angela, a teenage trans girl, transitions from a man to a woman, deals with a bully who wants to humiliate her, and struggles with her new identity.[202]
Kevin Guardian of the Dead 2011 Karen Healey Asexual Although he is not the protagonist, Kevin is a key part of the book, and he comes out as asexual to his friend, and the book's heroine, Ellie Spencer.[148] This conversation is handled delicately, with Ellie offering support to Kevin when remembering how her sister, a lesbian, has a tough time trying to tell her parents. Unfortunately, as one reviewer puts it, he does not explore his asexual identity much after this point.[148]
Daja Kisubo
Rizuka fa Dalach "Rizu"
Lark
The Will of the Empress 2005 Tamora Pierce Lesbian Daja is the main character who begins a relationship with Rizu, while Lark (a more minor character) is in a long-term lesbian relationship.[203] In this story, the relationship between Daja and Rizu ends sadly, making the point you should choose your chosen family over "a partner who's not good enough for you."
Denise Lambert The Corrections 2001 Jonathan Franzen Bisexual In this novel, Denise begins affairs with both her boss and his wife,[204] and though the restaurant is successful,[205] she is fired when this is discovered.
August Landry
Biyu "Jane" Su
Niko Rivera
Isaiah
Wes
One Last Stop 2021 Casey McQuiston Bisexual
Lesbian
Transgender
Gay
August is bisexual and Biyu, who goes by the name of Jane throughout this sapphic romance, is described as a "punk butch lesbian." They quickly become each other's love interests, with August mulling over her feelings towards Biyu throughout the novel.
Niko is a transgender man. He is dating Myla.
Isaiah and Wes, who are revealed to have been pining for each other, are gay.
Alec Lightwood
Magnus Bane
Raphael Santiago
Lily Chen
Helen Blackthorn
Aline Penhallow
Kieran
Mark Blackthorn
Michael Wayland
Diana Wrayburn
Woolsey Scott
Anna Lightwood
Ariadne Bridgestock
Charles Fairchild
Alastair Carstairs
Thomas Lightwood
Matthew Fairchild
Hypatia Vex
Claude Kellington
Kit Rook
Ty Blackthorn
The Shadowhunter Chronicles 2007–present Cassandra Clare Lesbian
Gay
Bisexual
Transgender
Asexual
Pansexual
Genderqueer
Alec is gay and Aline is a lesbian, and they are two of the first openly homosexual Shadowhunters.[citation needed] Alec eventually marries his longtime boyfriend Magnus Bane, a bisexual warlock who has had many relationships with both men and women. Raphael, Magnus's close friend, was confirmed to be asexual and aromantic by Cassandra Clare. Lily, Raphael's second in command, is pansexual and secretly in love with Raphael, although this does not stop her from having flings with Anna Lightwood and Helen Blackthorn. Helen, Aline's wife, her younger brother Mark and his ex-boyfriend Kieran are all bisexual and of faerie descent, with Clare describing faeries as, "being, in general, bisexual". Michael, the parabatai of Alec's father Robert, was a closeted bisexual who developed feelings for Robert but later married Eliza Rosewain. Diana is the series's first openly transgender character. Woolsey, one of Magnus's ex-lovers, was gay. Anna, a distant relative of Alec, was a genderqueer lesbian who despite her womanizing nature has never been able to move on from her first love Ariadne Bridgestock, who is a closeted lesbian. Ariadne enters a lavender engagement with Charles, a closeted gay man, to hide her own homosexuality even though Charles is in love with Alastair, another closeted gay man. Alastair later develops feelings for Anna's gay cousin Thomas Lightwood, who reciprocates his feelings. Matthew, Charles's younger brother, is bisexual. Hypatia, one of Anna's ex-lovers, is bisexual. Claude is bisexual and has had sexual relationships with both Matthew and Hypatia. While it is yet to be confirmed that Kit and Ty are queer it is heavily implied that the two have romantic feelings towards one another, with Kit most likely being bisexual (as he is of faerie descent and seems to also display attraction to women) and Ty most likely being gay (as he only shows attraction to Kit).
Ronan Lynch
Adam Parrish
Kavinsky
The Raven Cycle 2012–2016 Maggie Stiefvater Bisexual Adam shows a romantic interest in the female protagonist during the first two books, but then develops a relationship with Ronan Lynch.[206]
Rhy Maresh
Alucard Emery
Shades of Magic trilogy 2015–2017 V.E. Schwab Gay
Bisexual
Rhy is bisexual prince while Alucard is gay. They had a fling three years prior the events of the books. Victoria Schwab actually stated multiple times that in her eyes none of the characters are straight, but that is not mentioned in the series.[207][208] Lila has also been described a genderfluid pickpocket.[207]
Maxine Maxine Wore Black 2014 Nora Olsen Trans Maxine is a lesbian trans girl who is a high school dropout and a babysitter, and cannot afford gender reassignment surgery, while in a romance with a cisgender woman.[209]
Melissa George 2015 Alex Gino Trans Melissa is a transgender girl whom the world sees as a boy named George.[210]
Aristotle Mendoza
Dante Quintana
Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe/Aristotle and Dante Dive into the Waters of the World 2012 Benjamin Alire Sáenz Gay Early in the novel Dante reveals he's attracted to boys and as the novel progresses, falls in love with his best friend Aristotle. At the end, Aristotle accepts his own love for Dante and they begin a relationship.[211] In the sequel, both Aristotle and Dante explicitly identify as gay while in the first book, aside from being in love with Dante, Aristotle's exact sexuality was never specified.
Russel Middlebrook
Min Wei
Geography Club 2003 Brent Hartinger Gay
Bisexual
Russel is a gay man, while Min is a bisexual character in this novel.[114]
Henry "Monty" Montague
Felicity Montague
Percy
The Gentleman's Guide to Vice and Virtue 2017 Mackenzi Lee Bisexual
Asexual
Henry Montague is bisexual and has romantic feelings towards Percy. His sister Felicity is asexual.[212]
Mordred
Lancelot
Mordred, Bastard Son 2006 Douglas Clegg Gay Sympathetic Mordred and an exiled Lancelot fall into a romance.[213]
Jonathan Morgan All the White Spaces 2022 Ally Wilkes Trans A trans man who joins an expedition to Antarctica in 1920.[214]
Moff Delian Mors Star Wars: Lords of the Sith 2015 Paul S. Kemp Lesbian Mors, the first LGBT character in the Star Wars canon, was introduced in this book,[d] is an Imperial officer who makes mistakes, is very capable, and happens to be a lesbian as well, with those who included it saying that Star Wars should be diverse, apart from stories about "straight, white males".[152] Reviewers for the New York Daily News stated that while her sexuality is not a major concern in the novel, suggesting that "homophobia isn't an issue in the Empire," and something that the Imperial Army does not worry about, even as they fight the Rebels.[215][153]
Nancy
Kade
Every Heart a Doorway 2016 Seanan McGuire Asexual
Trans
Kade is a classmate of Nancy, who has an asexual crush on them.[216]
Newt The Maze Runner (book series) 2009-2016 James Dashner Gay In the maze runner, they have to escape the maze, and try not to die from a deadly virus. In the movie adaptation Newt was played by Thomas Brodie-Sangster.
Izumu Niounomiya Zaregoto Series, Ningen Series 2002–2005, 2004–2010 (respectively) Nisio Isin Trans Izumu and his sister Rizumu work as a team of professional killers.[citation needed]
Phèdre nó Delaunay
Moirin
Kushiel's Legacy series 2001–2011 Jacqueline Carey Bisexual Phèdre and Moirin are bisexual characters in this novel.[54]
Jeff O'Brien
Lloyd Griffith
Where the Boys Are 2003 William J. Mann Gay Jeff and Lloy are gay men in this novel.[21]
Nora O’Malley The Girls I've Been 2020 Tess Sharpe Bisexual Nora is a con artist who is caught in a bank robbery with her ex-boyfriend and girlfriend.[217]
Luna (Liam) O'Neill Luna 2004 Julie Anne Peters Trans The story follows the life of Luna, who keeps her trans identity secret originally, pretending to be an average 16-year-old senior boy named Liam in the daytime.[218][219][220][221] Later she considers transitioning and fights for her right to be the person she feels that she was meant to be, helped by her sister, Regan, in the process.
Oshima Kafka on the Shore 2002 Haruki Murakami Trans
Gay
Oshima is a 21-year-old intellectual gay trans man who is a librarian and owner of a cabin in the mountains near Komura Memorial Library.[222] He becomes the mentor of Kafka as he guides him to the answers that he's seeking on his journey.
Benji Ovich Beartown series 2017–2018 Fredrik Backman Gay Benji is a gay hockey player who "has an awakening".[223]
Paul, Noah, Tony
Kyle
"Infinite Darlene"/Daryl Heisenberg
Boy Meets Boy 2003 David Levithan Gay Paul and Noah are in love with each other and Tony is also gay; Paul's ex, Kyle, is bisexual and Daryl/Darlene is a cross-dresser.[21][224][225]
Patroclus
Achilles
The Song of Achilles 2011 Madeline Miller Gay
Bisexual
Achilles is gay, showing no interest in girls. Patroclus is bisexual, saying he would fall in love with Briseis if not for Achilles.[226]
Emi Price
Ava
Everything Leads to You 2015 Nina LaCour Lesbian In this novel, Emi Price finds a letter written to a recently-dead film icon, leading them to Ava, his granddaughter, who Emi is smitten with, and hopes for "new love with Ava."[227]
Millie Quint
Flora Baird
Her Royal Highness 2019 Rachel Hawkins Bisexual
Lesbian
The story centers on the developing romantic relationship between Millie and Flora.[228][229]
Reese Detransition, Baby 2021 Torrey Peters Trans woman Male main character who has a sexual attraction to Hector.
Richie The Slap 2008 Christos Tsiolkas Gay Reese, a trans woman, PR executive, and former partner of Amy
Sal Mask of Shadows duology 2017–2018 Linsey Miller Genderfluid Sal is genderfluid and signals by that day's clothing whether they want to be called "he", "she", or "they".[230]
Lisbeth Salander Millennium series 2005–2007 Stieg Larsson Bisexual Lisbeth has gender ambiguity, specifically "a mix of attributes within her identity as a woman" and she has various bisexual "relationships, sex with friends in non-exclusive relationships, recreational sex."[231]
Shori Fledgling 2005 Octavia Butler Bisexual The novel tells the story of Shori, a 53-year-old member of the Ina species, who appears to be a 10-year-old African-American girl, biting a construction worker named Wright because she finds his scent irresistible, and they begin their relationship.[232]
Jerico Soberanis The Toll
(Arc of a Scythe trilogy)
2019 Neal Shusterman Genderfluid Jerico is a "hypercompetent, genderfluid sea captain" who is given space to shine in the novel.[233]
  • Simon Spier
  • Bram Greenfeld
  • Cal Price
  • Peter
  • Carter Addison
  • Leah Burke
  • Abby Suso
  • Cassie Peskin-Suso
  • Mina Choi
  • Nadine Suso
  • Patty Peskin
  • Julian Perillo
Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda 2015 Becky Albertalli Gay
Lesbian
Pansexual
There are multiple LGBTQ+ characters in this story. For instance, Simon is a closeted gay teenager in love with his pen pal 'Blue', who is also a closeted gay teenager. Simon later discovers that Blue is his classmate Bram Greenfeld and the two start dating. Cal is Simon's bisexual classmate who initially shows an interest in Simon, but later dates Simon's younger sister Nora. Peter is an older guy who flirts with Simon at a gay bar and Carter is the gay older brother of Simon's classmate Martin. Leah and Abby, two of Simon's best friends, are both bisexual but do not come out until the sequel novel Leah on the Offbeat, when they start dating each other. Cassie, Abby's cousin and a major character in the novel The Upside of Unrequited, is a lesbian and Mina is her pansexual girlfriend. Cassie also has two mothers, Nadine, who is a lesbian, and Patty, who is bisexual. Julian, a former crush of Cassie's twin sister Molly, is gay and dating Carter Addison.
April Spink
Miriam Forcible
Coraline 2002 Neil Gaiman Lesbian April, a retired burlesque dancer who may know about magic and fairies, and another retired burlesque actress, Miriam, are lovers. On multiple occasions, Neil Gaiman, who wrote the novel the movie is based on, stated that they are an elderly couple and are together,[234][235][236][237][238] relating to the many lesbians he put in his other works like Sandman, Death: The Time of Your Life, Neverwhere, American Gods, and Miracleman.[239] He also confirmed that this was reflected in the movie,[240] noting a review on the movie adaptation in 2009,[241] stating that they had been called "thespians" in a Coraline musical in 2007,[242] and stated that he did not call them a couple in the text because he wanted readers to have the same experience he had "with the couple that Spink and Forcible were based on."[243]
Dana Stevens Trans-Sister Radio 2000 Chris Bohjalian Trans Dana, the protagonist of this book, is a Vermont professor who is prepared to have a gender reassignment surgery to transition from male to female, leading Allison Banks, a teacher who has been divorced, to be even more attracted to Dana.[244]
Corny Stone
Luis
Modern Faerie Tales trilogy (Tithe, Valiant, Ironside) 2002–2007 Holly Black Gay In this story, there are a number of LGBTQ+ characters. For one, Corny Stone is the gay brother of the childhood friend of the story's protagonist, Kaye Fierch, who tries to straddle the Faerie and human worlds.[245] Luis is also gay, which the author confirmed, and has a relationship with Corny.[246][247] Reportedly, in Valiant: A Modern Tale of Faerie, Ruth is Val's lesbian best friend.
Noah Sweetwine
Brian Connelly
I'll Give You the Sun 2014 Jandy Nelson Gay Noah is shown to be gay from the beginning, and later starts a relationship with Brian who is also gay.[citation needed]
Taako Taaco
Lup Taaco
Kravitz
Hurley
Sloane
The Adventure Zone graphic novel series 2018–present Carey Pietch Gay
Lesbian
Trans
Taako is one of the three main characters, and canonically a gay man. In the books it has not yet been explicitly been stated, but in The Adventure Zone Podcast, he is confirmed to have a gay relationship.[248] The third graphic novel, Petals to the Metal, features two secondary female characters named Hurley and Sloane who have a relationship/feelings for each other.[249] The Hurley-Sloane lesbian couple survived to the end of the story, surviving a near-death experience, while Taako got a boyfriend (the Grim Reaper, known as Kravitz) and Lup, Taako's sister, is a trans woman.
Tamaru 1Q84 2009–2010 Haruki Murakami Gay Tamaru is a gay character.[250]
Mike Tate Whatever: or how junior year became totally f$@ked 2016 S.J. Goslee Bisexual Mike has a girlfriend who breaks up with him and he becomes close with a "classmate who used to torment him."[251][252]
Ryan Thomson The Sidekicks 2016–2017 Will Kostakis Gay Ryan is a gay man in this "super gay book" and is set at an "all-boys, sports-centric school."[253]
Tommy
Ozzie
Calvin
At the Edge of the Universe 2017 Shaun David Hutchinson Gay Ozzie had a long-term relationship with Tommy before he vanished. Calvin is gay.[254][255]
Danny Tozer/Dreadnought
Sarah Callisto/Calamity
Kinetiq
Nemesis series(Dreadnought, Sovereign) 2017 April Daniels Trans
Lesbian
Bisexual
Genderqueer
Danny is a transgender lesbian who, when given the powers of the world's greatest superhero, also gained the feminine body she wanted. Calamity is a bisexual graycape(masked vigilante in contrast with professional hero). Kinetiq is a genderqueer Iranian-American superhero who had been working upstream for a couple years prior to the story.[256]
Sue Trinder
Maud Lilly
Fingersmith 2002 Sarah Waters Lesbian Sue and Maud have a sexual/romantic relationship with each other.[257]
Various The Collection: Short Fiction from the Transgender Vanguard (anthology) 2012 Tom Léger and Riley MacLeod (editors) Trans This book brings together 28 stories which focus on the experiences of trans people.[187][258]
Various A Safe Girl to Love 2014 Casey Plett Trans The story's protagonists, and many other unnamed characters, are all trans women, but this detail is not the main factor in their connections between each other, as they work to determine what paths are ahead for themselves in their lives.[259]
Sinjir Rath Velus 2015–2017 Chuck Wendig Gay Sinjir Rath Velus is a gay imperial officer, raising the question of what life "is like for gay men and women in the Empire."[260][261]
Seth Wearing
Gudmund
More Than This 2013 Patrick Ness Gay
Bisexual
Seth is gay and secretly dated Gudmund until they got outed. Gudmund appears to be bisexual or in denial of his homosexuality.[262][263]
Felicity Worthington Gemma Doyle Trilogy 2003–2007 Libba Bray Lesbian Felicity is an "alpha girl", who becomes friends with the protagonist, Gemma, and has an "obsession with power", and has a tortured lesbian relationship with Pippa.[264] Felicity is revealed to be either bisexual or a lesbian (although most likely lesbian as she seemed to use men as a cover-up) in the last book when she shares a passionate kiss with Pippa, before leaving the corrupt Pippa behind forever.
Alice Chu
Selwyn Kane
Greer Taylor
Victoria Morgan
Sarah
William
Legendborn 2020 Tracy Deonn Lesbian
Bisexual
Nonbinary
Gay
Alice, the best friend of the protagonist Bree, is a lesbian. Selwyn, one of Bree's love interests, previously had a crush on Nick, another of Bree's love interests, and has had sexual relationships with both men and women. Greer, Bree's friend, is nonbinary and uses they/them pronouns. Victoria is bisexual as she once had a one-night stand with Selwyn but is now dating Sarah, who is a lesbian. William, another of Bree's friends, mentions that he has a boyfriend.
Aaron Soto More Happy Than Not 2015 Adam Silvera Gay Aaron Soto is a sixteen-year-old dealing with his father's suicide, his own recent suicide attempt, and his growing feelings for a boy and accepting his sexuality despite having a girlfriend and seemingly homophobic friends. He tries to "forget" that he's gay by suppressing his memories through a procedure at Leteo.
Griffin Jennings
Theo McIntyre
Jackson
Wade
History is All You Left Me 2017 Adam Silvera Griffin is a gay teenager dealing with OCD and the recent loss of his ex-boyfriend, Theo. He then meets Theo's current boyfriend (before he died), Jackson. In the end of the book, Griffin and Wade are dating.
Mateo Torrez
Rufus Emeterio
They Both Die at the End 2017 Adam Silvera Gay
Bisexual
Although Mateo's sexuality is never outwardly discussed in the book, he is presumed to be gay. Towards the end of the book he kisses Rufus, who is a bisexual teenager.
Arthur Seuss
Ben Alejo
What If It's Us
Here's To Us
2018
2021
Adam Silvera and Becky Albertalli Gay The two main characters are teenage boys in a relationship, who later reconnect as adults.[265][266][267]
Reese

Ames/Amy

Detransition, Baby 2021 Torrey Peters Trans Reese is a trans woman who has relationships with both men and women, significantly Amy. Through flashbacks, the book shows Amy living as a trans woman, while presenting as Ames in the present after detransitioning.[268][269] Ames still considers himself a trans woman after his official detransition and did so because of the threat of violence and hardships from living as a trans woman.[270] In both the past and present, Ames is shown dating women.
Renarin Kholin

Shallan Davar

Jasnah Kholin

Ral-Na

The Stormlight Archive series 2010-present Brandon Sanderson Gay

Bisexual

Asexual

Trans

Renarin is gay, and is implied to be attracted towards Rlain, a non-human male character.[271] The author has stated that this will be explored further in later entries of the series. Shallan is Bisexual, although this is barely explored in the text.[272] Jasnah is asexual and heteroromantic, with a neutral opinion towards physical intimacy.[273] Ral-Na is a minor character who initially appears as a woman but is later shown having changed his body into a male one using magic.[274]
Andrej "Tschick" Tschichatschow Why We Took the Car 2010 Wolfgang Herrndorf Gay Tschick reveals his homosexuality to the main character Maik after they went on a roadtrip to Romania. To hide his homosexuality, Tschick took on a personality that he thought was very "male".[275]
Sundew

Willow Umber Anemone Tamarin

Wings of Fire 2012-present Tui T. Sutherland Lesbian

Gay

Sundew and Willow are in a lesbian relationship together. Umber is gay and had a romantic attraction to Qibli, another male character. Anemone and Tamarin are in a lesbian relationship as well.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Maurice was written in 1913–14 but not published until 1971, after Forster's death.
  2. ^ Though Harkonnen is the biological father of Lady Jessica, it is noted in Dune that this is because he "once permitted himself to be seduced."
  3. ^ The novel features two protagonists named Will Grayson, one written by Green and one by Levithan; it is Levithan's Will Grayson who is referred to here.
  4. ^ There were same-gender relationships in “Star Wars: The Old Republic” online roleplaying game after an outcry, introduced in 2015.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shively, Michael G.; Jones, Christopher; De Cecco, John P. (1984-04-18). "Research on Sexual Orientation:: Definitions and Methods". Journal of Homosexuality. 9 (2–3): 127–136. doi:10.1300/J082v09n02_08. ISSN 0091-8369. PMID 6376622.
  2. ^ Gerdes, L.C. (1988). The Developing Adult (Second ed.). Durban: Butterworths; Austin, TX: Butterworth Legal Publishers. ISBN 978-0-409-10188-1.
  3. ^ Sell, Randall L. (1997). "Defining and Measuring Sexual Orientation: A Review: How do you define sexual orientation?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 26 (6): 643–658. doi:10.1023/A:1024528427013. PMID 9415799.
  4. ^ Carlos Henrique Lucas Lima (2015-06-05). "Homossociabilidade e antecipação: a estética dos corpos e prazeres de O bom-crioulo". Revista Recorte (in Portuguese). 12 (1). ISSN 1807-8591. See pages 2-3.
  5. ^ a b Haggerty, George (2000). Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures. Routledge. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-8153-3354-8.
  6. ^ Garber, Eric; Lyn Paleo (1983). "Carmilla". Uranian Worlds: A Guide to Alternative Sexuality in Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror. G. K. Hall. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-8161-1832-8.
  7. ^ LeFanu, J[oseph] Sheridan (1993). "Carmilla". In Pam Keesey (ed.). Daughters of Darkness: Lesbian Vampire Stories. Pittsburgh, PA: Cleis Press.
  8. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2015-01-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ Salman, Peerzada (October 25, 2013). "The Human Comedy of Balzac discussed". DAWN. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  10. ^ Balzac, Honoré de (1835). Father Goriot. 'Trompe-la-Mort ne se laisserait pas aborder par une femme, dit l'agent. Apprenez un secret: il n'aime pas les femmes.'
  11. ^ Balzac, Honoré de (1835). Father Goriot. Ellen Marriage. '"Trompe-la-Mort would not let a woman come near him," said the detective. "I will tell you a secret—he does not like them."'
  12. ^ Horan, Patrick M. (1997). The Importance of Being Paradoxical: Maternal Presence in the Works of Oscar Wilde. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-8386-3733-3.
  13. ^ Garber, Eric; Lyn Paleo (1983). "The Picture of Dorian Gray". Uranian Worlds: A Guide to Alternative Sexuality in Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror. G. K. Hall. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-8161-1832-8.
  14. ^ Healey, Trebor (May 28, 2014). "Early Gay Literature Rediscovered". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  15. ^ Nelson, James (2010). Publisher to the Decadents: Leonard Smithers in the Careers of Beardsley, Wilde, Dowson. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 34.
  16. ^ Gray, Robert; Keep, Christopher (2007). "An Uninterrupted Current: Homoeroticism and collaborative authorship in Teleny". In Marjorie Stone; Judith Thompson (eds.). Literary Couplings: Writing Couples, Collaborators, and the Construction of Authorship. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-299-21764-8.
  17. ^ Roditi, Edouard (1986). Oscar Wilde. New Directions Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-8112-0995-3.
  18. ^ Mullan, John (February 1, 2003). "The Secret History: characters". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  19. ^ Lo, Malinda (May 22, 2007). "13 Lesbian and Bi Characters You Should Know (page 2)". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  20. ^ "Return to Thebes by Allen Drury". Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Meloy, Kilian (September 24, 2007). "Influential Gay Characters in Literature". AfterElton.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2014.Also see and
  22. ^ Smith, Dinitia (September 3, 1998). "Allen Drury, 80, Novelist; Wrote Advise and Consent (Obituary)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  23. ^ a b Simon, Scott (September 2, 2009). "At 50, a D.C. Novel With Legs". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  24. ^ Lackey, Mercedes (2005). "Ask Misty Archive – Valdemar". The World of Mercedes Lackey. Archived from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2007. ...I had Talia reading about and daydreaming about someone---Vanyel....I mentioned his lover Stephan, which of course, meant that he was gay...The conscious decision was to make him a troubled and exceedingly misunderstood young man...and only make his sexual preferences as part of his character, rather than the focus of it...Because I had already said Vanyel was gay in the first chapter of Arrows of the Queen. Little hard to go back and undo that.
  25. ^ Munt, Sally R. (2007). Queer Attachments: The Cultural Politics of Shame. Ashgate Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 978-0754649212.
  26. ^ Pugh, Tison (2010). Innocence, Heterosexuality, and the Queerness of Children's Literature. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 978-0415886338.
  27. ^ Hibberd, James (July 21, 2011). "George R.R. Martin on Dance With Dragons shocking twist". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  28. ^ "To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6–8)". The Citadel: So Spake Martin. Westeros.org. May 6, 2005. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  29. ^ Hartinger, Brent. "Gays Go Medieval in Upcoming A Game of Thrones Fantasy Series". AfterElton. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  30. ^ Bendix, Trish (September 1, 2009). "Legend of the Seeker features lesbian storyline on season 2". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2015. Berdine comes out as a lesbian in the third book of the Goodkind series, Blood of the Fold. She tells Richard that she's in love with Raina
  31. ^ Day, Frances Ann (2000). Lesbian and Gay Voices: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Literature. Greenwood Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-313-31162-8.
  32. ^ a b c Kantrowitz, Arnie. "Humor: Use of a Surrogate and Connecting Openly Gay and Lesbian Characters to a Larger Society". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  33. ^ Yndigoyen, Rose (July 16, 2006). "The Beebo Brinker Chronicles". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  34. ^ Copping, Jasper (May 18, 2008). "Brideshead Revisited: Where Evelyn Waugh found inspiration for Sebastian Flyte". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  35. ^ Hastings, Chris; Plentl, Stephanie (July 19, 2008). "Brideshead Revisited 'will upset purists' with gay kiss". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  36. ^ Delphine (September 27, 2011). "Banned Books Week: Brideshead Revisited & Other Classics Involving Homosexuality". Wired. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  37. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (January 13, 2006). "Breakfast on Pluto". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  38. ^ Holden, Stephen (2004). "Review: Breakfast on Pluto". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  39. ^ Walker, Peter. "Dave Brandstetter". ThrillingDetective.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
  40. ^ Young, Tory (2003). Michael Cunningham's The Hours: A Reader's Guide. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 37-40. ISBN 978-0-8264-1476-2.
  41. ^ a b c Cordova, Steven. "Ellis, Bret Easton (b. 1964)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  42. ^ "...the by now authentically banal exposure of Proust's narrator as a closeted homosexual" Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. "Proust and the Spectacle of the Closet." Epistemology of the Closet. Berkeley: University of California, 1990. 223.
  43. ^ Lucey, Michael. "Proust's Queer Metalapses" Never Say I: Sexuality and the First Person in Colette, Gide, and Proust. Durham: Duke UP, 2006. 218.
  44. ^ Lucey. Ibid.
  45. ^ O'Brien, Justin (1949). "Albertine the Ambiguous: Notes on Proust's Transposition of Sexes". PMLA. 64 (5): 933–952. doi:10.2307/459544. ISSN 0030-8129. JSTOR 459544. S2CID 163853078.
  46. ^ Ladenson, Elisabeth (1999). Proust's Lesbianism. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3595-1.
  47. ^ Blackmer, Corinne E. (Fall 1995). "The Finishing Touch and the Tradition of Homoerotic Girls' School Fictions". Review of Contemporary Fiction. 15 (3): 32–39.
  48. ^ Nelson, Emmanuel S. (2009). Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States [2 volumes]. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 205. ISBN 978-0313348594. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  49. ^ from Mrs Dalloway, Penguin Popular Classics 1996, page 36 OR Harcourt, Inc. (2005), page 35
  50. ^ a b Barrett, Eileen; Cramer, Patricia, eds. (1997). Virginia Woolf: Lesbian Readings. NYU Press. p. 162. ISBN 9780814712634.
  51. ^ Kennard, Jean E. "Power and Sexual Ambiguity: The Dreadnought Hoax, The Voyage Out, Mrs Dalloway and Orlando". Journal of Modern Literature, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Winter 1996), pp. 149–164.
  52. ^ Maclaine, David. "City of God by Cecelia Holland". Historicalnovels.info. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  53. ^ Earle, Kathy Weeks (March 1979). "City of God: A Novel of the Borgias by Cecelia Holland". Library Review. 104 (5). Greeley, Colorado: University of Northern Colorado Library: 648.
  54. ^ a b c Haggerty, George E. (1998). "Anne Rice and the Queering of Culture". Novel: A Forum on Fiction. 32 (1): 5–18. doi:10.2307/1346054. JSTOR 1346054.
  55. ^ Hensher, Philip. (2023). " 'The Natural Condition of an Intelligent Man': Anthony Powell and Same-Sex Society." Secret Harmonies 10 (Spring 2023): 9-30.
  56. ^ "JK Rowling says wizard Dumbledore is gay". FileSci. January 2018. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019.
  57. ^ "JK Rowling outs Dumbledore as gay". BBC News. 2007-10-20. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  58. ^ Daily News Staff (2007-10-19). "Rowling dubs Dumbledore of Harry Potter books as gay". New York Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  59. ^ "J.K. Rowling outs Hogwarts character". Yahoo! News. 2007-10-20. Archived from the original on 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  60. ^ Edward Rothstein (2007). "Is Dumbledore Gay? Depends on Definitions of 'Is' and 'Gay'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
  61. ^ a b Inness, Sherrie A. (1997). The Lesbian Menace: Ideology, Identity, and the Representation of Lesbian Life. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 48. ISBN 9781558490918.
  62. ^ Lo, Malinda (June 24, 2003). "Vassar Unzipped". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on February 15, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  63. ^ Griffin, Gabriele (2000). Romancing the Margins?: Lesbian Writing in the 1990s. Haworth Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-56023-133-2.
  64. ^ Mizejewski, Linda (2004). Hardboiled and High Heeled: The Woman Detective in Popular Culture. Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-415-96971-0.
  65. ^ Matheson, Whitney (June 26, 2013). "I love this book: Chocolates for Breakfast". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  66. ^ Nedelkoff, Robert (1997). "Pamela Moore Plus Forty". The Baffler (10): 104–117. doi:10.1162/bflr.1997.10.104. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  67. ^ Webunder, Dave; Sarah Woodard (Winter 1996). "Homosexuality in Young Adult Fiction and Nonfiction: An Annotated Bibliography". The ALAN Review. 23 (2). doi:10.21061/alan.v23i2.a.7. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  68. ^ Grimshaw, Tammy (2005). Sexuality, Gender, And Power In Iris Murdoch's Fiction. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8386-4061-6.
  69. ^ Summers, Claude J. "Isherwood, Christopher (1904–1986): Isherwood's Masterpiece, A Single Man". glbtq.com. p. 3. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  70. ^ Perloff, Marjorie (Autumn 1972). "'A Ritual for Being Born Twice': Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar". Contemporary Literature. 13 (4). University of Wisconsin Press: 507–552. doi:10.2307/1207445. JSTOR 1207445.
  71. ^ Bonds, Diane (October 1990). "The Separative Self in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar" (PDF). Women's Studies. 18 (1). Routledge: 49–64. doi:10.1080/00497878.1990.9978819. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
  72. ^ Zuckoff, Mitchell (January 27, 1987). "Psychiatrist Says 'Bell Jar' Movie's Lesbian Scenes Humiliated Her". AP. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  73. ^ Moses, Cat (Spring 1999). "Queering Class: Leslie Feinberg's Stone Butch Blues". Studies in the Novel. 31. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  74. ^ Violence and the body: race, gender, and the state Arturo J. Aldama; Indiana University Press, 2003; ISBN 978-0-253-34171-6.
  75. ^ Omnigender: A trans-religious approach Virginia R. Mollenkott, Pilgrim Press, 2001; ISBN 978-0-8298-1422-4.
  76. ^ Gay & lesbian literature, Volume 2 Sharon Malinowski, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast; St. James Press, 1998; ISBN 978-1-55862-350-7.
  77. ^ a b Machlin, Sherri (September 26, 2013). "Banned Books Week: The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall". The New York Public Library. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020.
  78. ^ Silverberg, Robert (December 30, 2003). "Intro: Lord John and the Succubus". Legends II: New Short Novels by the Masters of Modern Fantasy. Del Rey Books. ISBN 978-0345456441. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  79. ^ "Official site: Lord John Grey Series". DianaGabaldon.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  80. ^ Hunter, Richard (2004). Plato's Symposium. Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-19-516079-6.
  81. ^ Da Silva, Stephen (1998). "Transvaluing immaturity: reverse discourses of male homosexuality in E.M. Forster's posthumously published fiction". Criticism. 40 (2): 237–272. JSTOR 23124332.
  82. ^ Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune. G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 978-0-399-12949-0. 'I'll be in my sleeping chambers,' the Baron said. 'Bring me that young fellow we bought on Gamont, the one with the lovely eyes. Drug him well. I don't feel like wrestling.'
  83. ^ Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune. ISBN 978-0-202-86504-1. 'Why haven't you ever bought a Bene Gesserit, Uncle?' Feyd-Rautha asked. 'With a Truthsayer at your side —' 'You know my tastes!' the Baron snapped ... 'This old fool saw through the shielded needle you'd planted in that slave boy's thigh. Right where I'd put my hand on it, eh?'
  84. ^ "The Plot Spot plot summary: Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy". The Plot Spot. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  85. ^ Walton, Jo (Oct 21, 2011). "Do you want to share? Diane Duane's Door into Fire". Tor.com. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020.
  86. ^ Pelech, Isabel (July 12, 2010). "A review of The Door Into Fire by Diane Duane". Black Gate. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020.
  87. ^ Flood, Alison (2015-09-09). "Captain Underpants book reveals Harold marries a man". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
  88. ^ Griffin, Gabriele (2002). Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing. Routledge. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-415-15984-5.
  89. ^ Prix Italia, Winners 1949 - 2010, RAI Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
  90. ^ Day, Frances Ann (2000). Lesbian and Gay Voices: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Literature. Korea: Greenwood Press. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-0-313-31162-8.
  91. ^ Sutton, Roger (March 6, 2013). "A Second Look: Annie on My Mind". Hornbook. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  92. ^ Lackey, Mercedes (1987). Arrows of the Queen. DAW Books. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-886-77378-6.
  93. ^ Cheeseman-Meyer, Ellen (November 3, 2014). "Follow Your Arrow: Let's Talk about Vanyel". Tor.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  94. ^ Richards, Gary (2005). Lovers And Beloveds: Sexual Otherness In Southern Fiction, 1936–1961. LSU Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8071-3051-3.
  95. ^ Jamneck, Lynne (2005). "An Interview with Lynn Flewelling". Writing-World.com. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
  96. ^ Nina, Knight (2019). "Along the Journey River and Evil Dead Center". Tribal College Journal. 30 (3). Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  97. ^ Parker, Peter (July 25, 1999). "The Party's Over". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  98. ^ "Toward What Bright Glory? by Allen Drury". Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  99. ^ "Public Men by Allen Drury". Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  100. ^ Tarloff, Erik (February 21, 1999). "Before Monica: Allen Drury's last novel revisits some old political battlefields and ends a trilogy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
  101. ^ Day, Frances Ann (2000). Lesbian and Gay Voices: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Literature. Korea: Greenwood Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-313-31162-8.
  102. ^ Longo, Joseph (June 6, 2019). "How Tales of the City Avoided a Trans Casting Controversy". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  103. ^ a b Gilmour, Paisley (June 10, 2019). "How Netflix's new series Tales of the City gets being queer so right". Cosmopolitan. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  104. ^ Bergman, David (2004). The Violet Hour: The Violet Quill and the Making of Gay Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-231-13050-9.
  105. ^ Bredbeck, Gregory W. "Holleran, Andrew (b. 1943?)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  106. ^ "15 Queer Stephen King Characters You Should Know About". Pride.com. 11 January 2018. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019.
  107. ^ Corlett, William (1998). Now and Then Review. Alyson Books. ISBN 978-1555834241.
  108. ^ "Hallucinating Foucault synopsis". Powell's Books. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  109. ^ Lincoln, Allen (February 16, 1997). "Author! Author!". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  110. ^ Puig, Manuel (1987). Kiss of the Spider Woman. New York: Norton. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-393-31148-8.
  111. ^ Tittler, Jonathan (1993). Manuel Puig. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-805-78289-9.
  112. ^ Liefde, Michelle (August 9, 2019). "Media Review: The World According To Garp". Transgender Haven. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  113. ^ Fremont-Smith, Eliot (February 3, 1968). "Like Fay Wray if the Light Is Right". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  114. ^ a b c Lo, Malinda (May 22, 2007). "13 Lesbian and Bi Characters You Should Know (page 1)". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  115. ^ Slide, Anthony (2003). Lost Gay Novels: A Reference Guide to Fifty Works from the First Half of the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 152.
  116. ^ Bronski, Michael (2003). Pulp Friction: Uncovering the Golden Age of Gay Male Pulps. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 359–360. ISBN 9780312252670.
  117. ^ Highway, Tomson (1998). Kiss of the Fur Queen. Toronto: DoubleDay Canada. p. 18. ISBN 9780385256520.
  118. ^ Brown, A (2010). "Kiss of the Fur Queen by Tomson Highway". Canadian Book Review. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016.
  119. ^ "Screenwriter and Novelist Stephen Chbosky: Rebel with a Cause". Script Magazine. September 21, 2012. Archived from the original on March 12, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  120. ^ AfterEllen staff (June 16, 2008). "Review of "Affinity"". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  121. ^ Holcombe, Garan (2005). "Sarah Waters: Critical Perspective". ContemporaryWriters.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2007.
  122. ^ "Fiction Book Review: An Arrow's Flight by Mark Merlis, Author". Publishers Weekly. 1998-08-03. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018.
  123. ^ "AN ARROW'S FLIGHT by Mark Merlis". Kirkus Reviews. June 15, 1998. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018.
  124. ^ "Nearly Roadkill". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  125. ^ Gibson, Dick (April 1994). "Headshrinker, Gay Cop, Culture Thief: New Role Models in Tony Hillerman and Jonathan Kellerman" (PDF). Educational Resources Information Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  126. ^ Stowers, Cath; Purvis, June (1995). (Hetero)sexual Politics – Journeying with Jeanette: Transgressive Travels in Winterson's Fiction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7484-0295-3.
  127. ^ Gilmore, Leigh (2001). The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony. Cornell University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-8014-8674-6.
  128. ^ Greenhill/Tye (1998). Undisciplined Women: Tradition and Culture in Canada. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-7735-1615-1.
  129. ^ Proehl, Kristen (17 April 2017). "Fried Green Tomatoes and The Color Purple: A case study in lesbian friendship and cultural controversy". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 22 (1): 17–30. doi:10.1080/10894160.2017.1309627. ISSN 1089-4160. PMID 28414628. S2CID 205754039.
  130. ^ Hollinger, Karen (1998). In the company of women. University of Minnesota Press. p. 163. ISBN 0-8166-3177-8.
  131. ^ Vickers, Lu (June 1994). "Fried Green Tomatoes Excuse me, did we see the same movie?". Jump Cut. 39: 25–30. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  132. ^ a b Lo, Malinda (May 22, 2007). "13 Lesbian and Bi Characters You Should Know (page 3)". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  133. ^ Phillips, Richard; Diane Watt (2000). De-Centering Sexualities: Politics and Representations Beyond the Metropolis. Routledge. pp. 2–5. ISBN 978-0-415-19465-5.
  134. ^ Rood, Karen Lane (2001). Understanding Annie Proulx. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 187–190. ISBN 978-1-57003-402-2.
  135. ^ Reviews: Ethan of Athos. Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. 1986-12-15. ISBN 9780671656041. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  136. ^ Walton, Jo (April 2, 2009). "Quest for Ovaries: Lois McMaster Bujold's Ethan of Athos". Tor.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  137. ^ Gerlach, Nicki (2011). "The SF Site Featured Review: Ethan of Athos". SF Site. Archived from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  138. ^ Lo, Malinda (May 22, 2007). "13 Lesbian and Bi Characters You Should Know (page 2)". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  139. ^ "Winterson, Jeanette (b. 1959)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  140. ^ "THE ARIZONA KID by Ron Koertge". Kirkus Reviews. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018.
  141. ^ Katz, Jonathan. "Writing and Publishing Patience and Sarah". Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
  142. ^ Slide (2003). Lost Gay Novels. Harrington Park Press. p. 2. ISBN 9781560234142.
  143. ^ Austen, Roger (1977). Playing the Game: The Homosexual Novel in America. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. p. 119.
  144. ^ Mishima, Yukio (1958). Confessions of a Mask. New York: New Directions. ISBN 978-0811201186.
  145. ^ "Children's Book Review: Ash by Malinda Lo, Author". Publishers Weekly. Aug 31, 2009. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020.
  146. ^ "The Hidden Oracle (The Trials of Apollo #1)". Queer Books for Teens. 2018-01-07. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  147. ^ Cooper, Mariah (September 21, 2017). "'Gossip Girl' creator says he regrets lack of gay storylines, diversity". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on April 14, 2019.
  148. ^ a b c d Stubby the Rocket (April 11, 2016). "Five Books With Asexual Protagonists". Tor.com. Macmillan Publishers. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  149. ^ Anderson, R.J. (November 27, 2012). "An asexual YA heroine? Why not?". Livejournal. Rambler (portal). Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  150. ^ "Children's Book Review: The Darkest Part of the Forest by Holly Black". Publishers Weekly. 2014-11-03. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020.
  151. ^ Ashton, Clare (December 11, 2012). "Book Review: Gay Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen and Kate Christie". WhenSallyMetSally.co.uk. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  152. ^ a b Young, Bryan (March 6, 2015). "Star Wars Introduces an LGBT Character Into Canon". Big Shiny Robot. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  153. ^ a b Hensley, Nicole (March 11, 2015). "Star Wars novelist adds first lesbian character to canon". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  154. ^ "Karen Traviss: FAQ". KarenTraviss.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  155. ^ "Authors Ellen Hopkins and Kristin Elizabeth Clark Chat About Freakboy". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  156. ^ "Recview: The Love Interest by Cale Dietrich". Teen Reads. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  157. ^ Adler, Dahlia (May 2, 2017). "The Love Interest". LGBTQ Reads. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020.
  158. ^ Polina (2017-03-28). "ARC Review: Strange the Dreamer by Laini Taylor". Sorcery In The Bookshelves. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  159. ^ Emert, Toby (2002). "An Interview with Alex Sanchez, Author of Rainbow Boys" (PDF). The ALAN Review. 30 (1). doi:10.21061/alan.v30i1.a.3. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  160. ^ "SYMPTOMS OF BEING HUMAN by Jeff Garvin". Kirkus Reviews. October 19, 2015. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
  161. ^ Harris, Lydia (2012-09-10). "'Being Emily' by Rachel Gold [Review]". Lambda Literary Foundation. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  162. ^ Robinson, Tasha (October 20, 2014). "Garth Nix returns to his Old Kingdom series with prequel Clariel". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019.
  163. ^ Corso, Susan (November 12, 2012). "Sassafras Lowrey's Roving Pack: My Thoughts". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  164. ^ "Night Falls on the Republic: Revealing Jay Kristoff's Darkdawn". Tor.com. March 27, 2018. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020.
  165. ^ Cat, Getty (28 March 2013). "Five Reasons Why Philip Reeve Should Be Your New Favourite Author". Geekiary. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017.
  166. ^ "Life Mask by Emma Donoghue". BiblioFemme. February 2005. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
  167. ^ Canavan, Trudi (2002). The Novice. Orbit. p. 480. ISBN 978-1-904233-67-1.
  168. ^ "The Adventures of Tulip, Birthday Wish Fairy". Flamingo Rampant. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  169. ^ "25th Annual Lambda Literary Award Winners Announced!". Lambda Literary Award. June 4, 2013. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  170. ^ Buckley-Archer, Linda (2015-01-17). "The Art of Being Normal by Lisa Williamson — Review by Linda Buckley-Archer". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  171. ^ Rought, Karen (October 16, 2013). "Ten memorable moments from The House of Hades by Rick Riordan". Hypable. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  172. ^ Dawson, James (May 14, 2014). "How to use books to create safe spaces for young LGBT people". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  173. ^ "Where the Dead Wait". Kirkus Reviews. Vol. XCI, no. 21. 1 November 2023. ISSN 1948-7428. ProQuest 2883232815. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  174. ^ "Just Girls by Rachel Gold – Review by TheBookgeek". Lambda Literary Foundation. 10 September 2012. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  175. ^ "Book Review: The Butterfly and the Flame". Allison Granted. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  176. ^ "Six of Crows (Six of Crows #1)". Queer Books for Teens. December 10, 2017. Archived from the original on January 31, 2020.
  177. ^ "Review: Rule of Wolves by Leigh Bardugo". bayley reads books. May 26, 2021. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021.
  178. ^ Sondheimer, S. W. (October 30, 2017). "Inclusivity and Acceptance in Rick Riordan's 'Magnus Chase' Series". BOOK RIOT. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
  179. ^ "Beautiful Music for Ugly Children by Kirstin Cronn-Mills". Kirkus Reviews. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  180. ^ "GEORGIA PEACHES AND OTHER FORBIDDEN FRUIT by Jaye Robin Brown | Kirkus Reviews". Archived from the original on November 7, 2019 – via www.kirkusreviews.com.
  181. ^ Hallowell, Lucy (June 29, 2016). ""Georgia Peaches and Other Forbidden Fruit" is a must-read modern queer YA novel". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
  182. ^ Wiegand, David (May 12, 2010). "Authors, characters in tandem in 'Will Grayson'". SFGate. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018.
  183. ^ "Why Rainbow Rowell Thinks Her Readers Are More Than Ready for a Gay Teen Love Story". Vanity Fair. October 8, 2015. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016.
  184. ^ Stepaniuk, Casey (September 22, 2017). "Bisexual Erasure and Monosexism in Rainbow Rowell's CARRY ON". Casey the Canadian Lesbrarian. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020.
  185. ^ "Alan Hollinghurst wins prestigious Booker Prize". The Advocate. October 21, 2004. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  186. ^ Stepaniuk, Casey (2017-02-13). "8 Queer Sci-Fi Books To Read Right Now". Autostraddle. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  187. ^ a b Dallara, Angela (January 26, 2011). "Touching Teen Novel About Transgender Girl Wins 2011 ALA Stonewall Award". GLAAD. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  188. ^ "Almost Perfect wins 2011 Stonewall Children's and Young Adult Literature Award". American Library Association. January 10, 2011. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  189. ^ Enjeti, Anjali (2015-09-24). "Under the Udala Trees by Chinelo Okparanta review – love in the time of Biafra". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  190. ^ Kögel, Annette; Warnecke, Tilmann (December 9, 2008). "Homophobie in der Schule Wilde Hühner und gleichgeschlechtliche Liebe" [Homophobia In School Wild Chicks And Same Sex Love]. Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). Archived from the original on July 3, 2013.
  191. ^ "I Am J by Cris Beam". Kirkus Reviews. February 1, 2011. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  192. ^ "I AM PRINCESS X". Kirkus Reviews. March 2, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  193. ^ Packard, Wingate (February 27, 2015). "Megan Kruse's 'Call Me Home': Family confronts a violent past". The Seattle Times. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
  194. ^ Secret Scribbler (2016-07-06). "The Rest of Us Just Live Here by Patrick Ness - review". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  195. ^ Keeping You a Secret by Julie Anne Peters [review]. LibraryThing. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  196. ^ "Children's Book Review: Keeping You A Secret by Julie Anne Peters". Publishers Weekly. Aug 31, 2009. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020.
  197. ^ "Science Fiction Books with Lesbian Characters". LesbianScienceFiction.com. June 29, 2003. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  198. ^ Gillette, Courtney (May 9, 2011). "Holding Still For As Long As Possible by Zoe Whittall". Lambda Literary. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  199. ^ Greenwell, Garth (May 2015). "Hanya Yanagihara's A Little Life: The Great Gay Novel Might Be Here". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  200. ^ Newitz, Annalee (May 6, 2008). "Environmental Fascists Fight Gun-Loving Lesbians for Alien Technology". io9. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  201. ^ Kincaid, Paul (2007). "Carnival by Elizabeth Bear". SF Site. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  202. ^ "Parrotfish by Ellen Wittlinger". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  203. ^ "AfterEllen Book Club: Will of the Empress and Ammonite". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  204. ^ Franzen, Jonathan (2001). The Corrections. New York, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-374-12998-9.
  205. ^ "The Corrections". Kirkus Reviews. July 16, 2001. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  206. ^ "QUEER REPRESENTATION IN THE RAVEN CYCLE". BooksofAmber.com. October 16, 2014. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  207. ^ a b Flood, Alison (August 16, 2017). "Authors voice fury at Russian publisher cutting gay scene from novel". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
  208. ^ Bendix, Trish (August 16, 2017). "Russian Publisher Cuts Gay Love Scene Out Of Best-Selling Novel". NewNowNext. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
  209. ^ "Anything That Moves Me – Review of Nora Olsen's Maxine Wore Black". Ann Herendeen. Archived from the original on 2019-11-07. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  210. ^ Ulaby, Neda (August 27, 2015). "George Wants You To Know: She's Really Melissa". NPR. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  211. ^ "Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  212. ^ Brown, Alex (August 7, 2017). "Mackenzi Lee's The Gentleman's Guide to Vice and Virtue is a Feisty Delight". Tor.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020.
  213. ^ "Fiction Book Review: Mordred, Bastard Son: Book One of the Mordred Trilogy by Douglas Clegg". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  214. ^ "All the White Spaces". Publishers Weekly. 1 March 2022. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  215. ^ Keane, Sean (April 28, 2015). "REVIEW: Star Wars: Lords of the Sith throws Darth Vader and the Emperor onto the battlefield". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
  216. ^ "'Every Heart' Is A Doorway To Winning Fantasy". NPR. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  217. ^ Brittain, Rachel (23 September 2021). "20 Unabashedly Bi Books For Bi Visibility Day". Book Riot.
  218. ^ "10th Annual Report on Banned and Challenged Books in Texas Schools" (PDF). ACLU foundation of Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 10, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  219. ^ Cart, Michael (2004). "What a Wonderful World: Notes on the Evolution of GLBTQ Literature for Young Adults". The ALAN Review. 31 (2). doi:10.21061/alan.v31i2.a.7.
  220. ^ Mason, Katherine (2008). "Creating a Space for YAL with LGBT Content in Our Personal Reading: Creating a Place for LGBT Students in Our Classrooms". The ALAN Review. 35 (3). doi:10.21061/alan.v35i3.a.7. hdl:10057/15769.
  221. ^ "2004 Lambda Literary Awards Recipients and Finalists". Lambda Literary Foundation. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  222. ^ Mitchell, David (January 8, 2005). "Kill me or the cat gets it". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  223. ^ "REVIEW: 'Beartown,' by Fredrik Backman". Star Tribune. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  224. ^ "Boy Meets Boy description". David Leviathan's official website. 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-02-07. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  225. ^ Webber, Carlie Kraft (2007). "BOY MEETS BOY by David Levithan [Review]". TeenReads. Archived from the original on January 28, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  226. ^ Haynes, Natalie (September 29, 2011). "The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller – review". The Observer. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020 – via The Guardian.
  227. ^ "Everything Leads to You by Nina LaCour". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  228. ^ "HER ROYAL HIGHNESS". Kirkus Reviews. February 21, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019.
  229. ^ Rodale, Maya (May 20, 2019). "For May, 3 Royally Delightful Romances". NPR. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020.
  230. ^ "MASK OF SHADOWS". Kirkus Reviews. July 2, 2017. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019.
  231. ^ Lorber, Judith (July 7, 2011). "The Gender Ambiguity of Lisbeth Salander: Third-Wave Feminist Hero?". Dissent. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  232. ^ Shaviro, Steven (2013). "Exceeding the Human: Power and Vulnerability in Octavia Butler's Fiction". In Holden, Rebecca J.; Shawl, Nisi (eds.). Strange Matings: Science Fiction, Feminism, African American Voices, and Octavia E. Butler. Seattle, WA: Aqueduct Press. pp. 226–230. ISBN 978-1619760370.
  233. ^ "Children's Book Review: The Toll (Arc of a Scythe #3) by Neal Shusterman". Publishers Weekly. October 24, 2019. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019.
  234. ^ Gaiman, Neil (August 31, 2014). "Hello. I was reading Coraline again and something hit me: are Miss Spink and Miss Forcible a couple? Thanks, have a nice week :)". Neil Gaiman's official Tumblr. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  235. ^ Gaiman, Neil (October 24, 2016). "Are Ms. Spink and Forcible together?". Neil Gaiman's official Tumblr. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  236. ^ Gaiman, Neil (July 8, 2018). "Do fans ever ask questions about your characters or plots that make you think up new things about previously-released works? Thinking about you stating that Miss Spink and Miss Forcible are a couple, discussing gender identities for the good omens adaptation, etc.; are they typically things you've thought about before and made conscious choices about?". Neil Gaiman's official Tumblr. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  237. ^ Gaiman, Neil (July 6, 2018). "hello i was just wondering, are miss spink and miss forcible a couple?". Neil Gaiman's official Tumblr. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  238. ^ Gaiman, Neil [@neilhimself] (March 30, 2019). "Um, people have been asking since 2002 and I've been saying yes since then. Eg http://neil-gaiman.tumblr.com/post/96248654066/hello-i-was-reading-coraline-again-and-something" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020 – via Twitter. In the original tweet, the tweet he replied to is gone, but this tweet clarifies that he was referring to this couple. Also see here.
  239. ^ Gaiman, Neil (July 11, 2016). "do any of your books have lesbians in them (i gotta know which ones to read next)?". Neil Gaiman's official Tumblr. Archived from the original on November 1, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  240. ^ Gaiman, Neil [@neilhimself] (March 31, 2019). "Oh. Here's an article from 2009, then. http://sffoghorn.com/director-henry-selick-crafts-romantically-macabre-world-incoraline/ And lyrics from 2007. http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2007/08/thunder.html "Aftermarket diversity" is a slightly creepy term. Do you have other theories for why these two women have lived together for so long?" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020 – via Twitter.
  241. ^ "Director Henry Selick Crafts Romantically Macabre World In "Coraline"". San Francisco Foghorn. February 18, 2009. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020. Miss Spink and Miss Forcible...the lesbian couple of especially plump proportions who excel in Scottie (dog) taxidermy.
  242. ^ Gaiman, Neil (February 18, 2009). "thunder". Neil Gaiman's Official Website. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  243. ^ Gaiman, Neil [@neilhimself] (March 31, 2019). "Because I wanted the readers to have the same experience I did with the couple that Spink and Forcible were based on. It hadn't occurred to me anyone would think that answering people's questions about them in later years would be seen as a marketing tool" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 25, 2020 – via Twitter.
  244. ^ "He/She's So Fine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  245. ^ "Children's Book Review: TITHE: A Modern Faerie Tale by Holly Black". Publishers Weekly. 2002-10-28. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020.
  246. ^ "Heya! I absolutely adored the Modern Faery Tales,..." Holly Black's Tumblr. December 29, 2014. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020.
  247. ^ "Ask Holly Black! – Corny & Luis (showing 1–3 of 3)". Goodreads. May 9, 2011. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018.
  248. ^ McElroy, Griffin (March 17, 2016). "The Adventure Zone Zone". Maximum Fun. Archived from the original on November 3, 2018.
  249. ^ Alarcon, Daniel Ryan (October 4, 2017). "The Adventure Zone Proves Listening to Criticism Is the Way to Improve Representation, Not Avoiding It". The Mary Sue. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020.
  250. ^ Murakami, Haruki (2011). 1Q84. Tokyo, Japan: Shinchosa. p. 928. ISBN 978-0-307-59331-3.
  251. ^ "Whatever. Or how junior year became totally f$@ked". Queer Books for Teens. December 10, 2017. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020.
  252. ^ Goslee, S.J. (12 July 2016). "Book Review: Whatever.: Or How Junior Year Became Totally F$@cked". Teen Librarian Toolbox. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020.
  253. ^ "Read YA novelists Will Kostakis and John Corey Whaley interview each other". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
  254. ^ "At the Edge of the Universe". LGBTQ Reads. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020.
  255. ^ "At the Edge of the Universe". Queer Books for Teens. December 10, 2017. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020.
  256. ^ "'Sovereign' by April Daniels". Lambda Literary. 2017-10-03. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  257. ^ Gilling, Tom (February 24, 2002). "Our Mutual Attraction". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
  258. ^ Wexelbaum, Rachel (September 30, 2012). "Review: The Collection: Short Fiction from the Transgender Vanguard edited by Tom Léger and Riley MacLeod". Lambda Literary. Archived from the original on August 11, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  259. ^ "A Safe Girl to Love by Casey Plett – Review by Mitch Kellaway". Lambda Literary Foundation. 10 September 2012. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  260. ^ Breznican, Anthony (September 4, 2015). "Star Wars: Aftermath: Gay hero introduced in new story". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  261. ^ Flood, Alison (September 11, 2015). "Star Wars novelist strikes back at gay character slurs". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  262. ^ Chilton, Martin (2013-10-14). "More Than This, by Patrick Ness: review". Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  263. ^ Bradman, Tony (2013-09-07). "More Than This by Patrick Ness – review". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  264. ^ "The Gemma Doyle Trilogy: A Great and Terrible Beauty, Rebel Angels, and The Sweet Far Thing by Libba Bray". BookDragon. February 11, 2012. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
  265. ^ "What if It's Us? by Becky Albertalli, Adam Silvera". www.publishersweekly.com. 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  266. ^ HERE'S TO US | Kirkus Reviews.
  267. ^ "What If It's Us". Retrieved 2024-09-16.
  268. ^ Epstein, Rachel (2021-11-18). "The 2021 Book Releases to Order Now and Thank Yourself Later". Marie Claire Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  269. ^ "Serpent's Tail to publish 'uniquely trans take on love and parenting' by Torrey Peters". The Bookseller. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  270. ^ Berlatsky, Noah (2021-01-06). "Review: A social comedy on 'detransitioning' asks: Who is anyone to judge?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  271. ^ "YouTube Spoiler Stream 3". wob.coppermind.net. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  272. ^ "Shardcast Interview". wob.coppermind.net. 23 January 2021. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  273. ^ "Rhythm of War Annotations". wob.coppermind.net. 28 July 2020. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  274. ^ "Dawnshard Annotations Reddit Q&A". wob.coppermind.net. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  275. ^ "Wolfgang Herrndorf: »Tschick« - Bist du schwul?". Der Lehrerfreund (in German). 2014-09-25. Retrieved 2023-07-02.