List of deadliest tornadoes in the Americas
The following is a list of the deadliest tornadoes in the Americas including Canada, Mexico, and the United States as well as the countries and islands of the Caribbean and the countries included in both Central America and South America. While the significant majority of tornadoes on this list occurred in the United States, there are also entries for Argentina, Bermuda, The Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay
The deadliest tornado on record was the Daulatpur–Saturia tornado which occurred in the Dhaka division of Bangladesh on April 26, 1989. With a rating of at least F3 from the World Meteorological Organization and top winds estimated at greater than 200 mph (320 km/h), the tornado killed an estimated 1,300 people and injured at least 12,000 others. Of all the recorded tornadoes with death tolls of 100 or greater, at least 24 of them occurred in Bangladesh and/or India, and two of them occurred in Europe (in the countries of Italy and Malta).
In the Americas, there are 15 tornadoes on record that caused at least 100 fatalities, the most recent being the Joplin F5 tornado which killed 158 people in May 2011. There are at least 450 tornadoes on record that caused greater than ten fatalities; the most recent of these was the Rolling Fork, Mississippi EF4 tornado which killed 17 people in March 2023.
100+ fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ellington, Missouri-Murphysboro/De Soto, Illinois-Griffin/Princeton, Illinois | 1925 | March 18 | 689 | 2,027 | F5 | By far, the deadliest tornado in United States history and the second deadliest in world history. While the National Weather Service’s official death toll was 689, the American Red Cross reported 695 fatalities; however, the actual death toll was probably much higher than either figure as many people later died of their injuries | Tri-State tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 796) |
2 | Natchez, Mississippi | 1840 | May 6 | 317 | 109 | F5 | These figures probably do not take into account the number of African-American or slave casualties as they were often not included in official statistics; therefore, the actual numbers of casualties from this tornado were probably much higher than what is listed here. | Great Natchez Tornado, (Grazulis, p. 559) |
3 | St. Louis, Missouri—East St. Louis, Illinois | 1896 | May 27 | 255 | 1,000 | F4 | These figures probably do not include actual numbers of African-American people or residents of Shanty town boats in the Mississippi River who were killed or injured. | 1896 St. Louis – East St. Louis tornado, (Grazulis, p. 676) |
4 | Tupelo, Mississippi | 1936 | April 5 | 216 | 700 | F5 | At least 100 people were still hospitalized when this death toll was published, so the actual death toll may be much higher. The Mississippi State Geologist estimated a death toll of 233. African-American casualties were not counted properly. (Grazulis gave this tornado an F5 rating.) | 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 865) |
5 | Gainesville, Georgia | 1936 | April 6 | 203 | 1,600 | F4 | At least 40 people were still missing in collapsed buildings when these figures were published, so the actual death toll may be much higher. | 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 866) |
6 | Glazier/Higgins, Texas—Woodward, Oklahoma | 1947 | April 9 | 181 | 970 | F5 | This was a family of tornadoes. Widely accepted death tolls per city are as follows: 107 in Woodward, 51 in Higgins, and 17 in Glazier. Six others were killed in rural parts of southern Oklahoma. | 1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornado outbreak (Grazulis, p. 927) |
7 | Joplin, Missouri | 2011 | May 22 | 158 | 1,150 | EF5 | As of 2024, this is the only 21st century tornado in the Americas with a death toll greater than 100. Five additional people died from a rare Mucormycosis fungal infection (caused by Apophysomyces trapeziformis) that was found in their wounds; a police officer was struck by lightning and killed the following day while engaged in recovery efforts; and four others died from their injuries in the two weeks after the tornado. Those ten deaths were considered "indirect fatalities" and are not counted in the final death toll.[1] | 2011 Joplin tornado |
8 | Amite/Pine, Louisiana—Purvis/Richton, Mississippi | 1908 | April 24 | 143 | 770 | F4 | 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak | |
9 | New Richmond, Wisconsin | 1899 | June 12 | 117 | 200 | F5 | The number of fatalities could have been much lower, but a circus had come to town and a number of people from nearby communities were there when the tornado struck. | 1899 New Richmond tornado |
10 | Flint—Beecher, Michigan | 1953 | June 8 | 116 | 844 | F5 | 1953 Flint–Beecher tornado | |
11 | Waco, Texas | 1953 | May 11 | 114 | 597 | F5 | 1953 Waco tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 970) | |
Goliad, Texas | 1902 | May 18 | 114 | 250 | F4 | 1902 Goliad, Texas, tornado | ||
13 | Omaha, Nebraska | 1913 | March 23 | 103 | 350 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 | |
14 | Mattoon—Charleston, Illinois | 1917 | May 26 | 101 | 638 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917, (Grazulis, p. 752) | |
15 | Shinnston, West Virginia | 1944 | June 23 | 100 | 381 | F4 | Historians suggested a death toll as high as 153.[2] | 1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak |
50–99 fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | Marshfield, Missouri | 1880 | April 18 | 99 | 200 | F4 | The death toll was probably higher. (Grazulis, p. 608) | Tornado outbreak of April 1880 |
17 | Maynard/Brockett, Arkansas—Poplar Bluff, Missouri | 1927 | May 9 | 98 | 300 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of May 1927,[3] (Grazulis, p. 809) | |
Gainesville, Georgia | 1903 | June 1 | 98 | 180 | F4 | A 1932 newspaper reported a death toll of 104, which included deaths that occurred later due to injuries sustained during the tornado. (Grazulis, p. 700) | 1903 Gainesville, Georgia, tornado | |
19 | Snyder, Oklahoma | 1905 | May 10 | 97 | 150 | F5 | 1905 Snyder tornado | |
20 | Petersham—Barre—Rutland—Holden—Worcester—Shrewsbury—Westborough—Southborough, Massachusetts | 1953 | June 9 | 94 | 1,288 | F4 | Grazulis has stated that this tornado should have been rated F5 (Grazulis, p. 974). He also stated that the previously reported death toll of 90 is incorrect, based on overwhelming evidence in John O’Toole's book Tornado! 84 Minutes, 94 Lives[4] | 1953 Worcester Tornado |
21 | DeWitt/Camanche, Iowa—Albany/Morrison Township, Illinois | 1860 | June 3 | 92 | 200 | F4 | Grazulis gave this an F4 rating. He also reported a death toll as high as 111.[5] | (Grazulis, p. 566) |
22 | Concordia Parish, Louisiana—Natchez/Pine Ridge/Church Hill, Mississippi | 1908 | April 24 | 91 | 400 | F4 | 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak | |
23 | Starkville/Cedarbluff/Aberdeen, Mississippi—Bexar/Hackleburg/Phil Campbell/Spruce Pine/Waco/Mehama, Alabama | 1920 | April 20 | 88 | 700 | F4 | April 1920 tornado outbreak | |
24 | Sandusky-Lorain, Ohio | 1924 | June 28 | 85 | 300 | F4 | 1924 Lorain–Sandusky tornado (Grazulis, p. 790) | |
25 | Udall, Kansas | 1955 | May 25 | 80 | 273 | F5 | Grazulis reported 270 injuries (Grazulis, p. 987) | 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak |
26 | St. Louis, Missouri | 1927 | September 29 | 79 | 550 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of September 29, 1927 | |
27 | Louisville/Jefferson County, Kentucky | 1890 | March 27 | 76 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of March 27, 1890 | |
28 | Rocksprings, Texas | 1927 | April 12 | 74 | 205 | F5 | One-third of the town was killed by this tornado.[6] | |
29 | Farmington—Howe—Sherman, Texas | 1896 | May 15 | 73 | 200 | F5 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896, (Grazulis, p. 674) | |
30 | Hackleburg—Phil Campbell—Tanner—Harvest—Athens, Alabama | 2011 | April 27 | 72 | 145 | EF5 | "Hackleburg-Phil Campbell tornado" The deadliest single tornado in the 2011 Super Outbreak and in Alabama history. | 2011 Hackleburg–Phil Campbell tornado |
St. Cloud—Sauk Rapids, Minnesota | 1886 | April 14 | 72 | 213 | F4 | A couple was killed on their wedding day, with nine of their wedding guests also among the fatalities. (Grazulis, p. 637) | 1886 St. Cloud-Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak | |
32 | Pomeroy, Iowa | 1893 | July 6 | 71 | 200 | F5 | One report suggested a death toll as high as 89, but this could not be confirmed. | (Grazulis, p. 664) |
Peggs, Oklahoma | 1920 | May 2 | 71 | 100 | F4 | [7] | ||
34 | Antlers, Oklahoma | 1945 | April 12 | 69 | 353 | F5 | This tornado occurred the same afternoon as the death of U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt; as a result, this extremely violent and deadly tornado received little or no media attention, even from local newspapers. (Grazulis, p. 919) | Tornado outbreak of April 12, 1945[8] |
35 | Rippey—Grinnell—Malcom, Iowa | 1882 | June 17 | 68 | 300 | F5 | One report suggested a death toll as high as 130.[9] | (Grazulis, p. 615) |
36 | Tiptonville, Tennessee—Bondurant/Hickman/Clinton/Dublin, Kentucky | 1917 | May 27 | 67 | 345 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917, (Grazulis, p. 752) | |
37 | Tuscaloosa—Holt—Alberta City—Concord—Pleasant Grove—Birmingham (Pratt City)—Fultondale, Alabama | 2011 | April 27 | 64 | 1,500 | EF4 | "Tuscaloosa-Birmingham tornado" Second highest toll for a single tornado during the 2011 Super Outbreak. | 2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado |
38 | Itta Bena—Greenwood—Avalon, Mississippi—Cascilla—Otoucalofa—Tula, Mississippi | 1942 | March 16 | 63 | 500 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of March 16–17, 1942 | |
San Justo, Santa Fe Province, Argentina | 1973 | January 10 | 63 | 350 | F5 | Dr. Ted Fujita studied this and determined it was "the worst tornado ever recorded in the world outside the borders of the United States." It was only on the ground for 0.9 mi (1.45 km) | San Justo tornado | |
40* | Williamsonville, Wisconsin | 1871 | October 8 | 60 | *A "Fire-nado", an extension of a forest fire that engulfed about half of the Door County peninsula, killed three-quarters of the people (reports range between 57 and 60) in this small village. The National Weather Service now issues tornado warnings when conditions are favorable for the formation of "Fire-nadoes" during wildfires. | Peshtigo fire, (Grazulis, p. 575) | ||
41 | Mims Chapel/Avinger, Texas—Trigenta/Shiloh/Hempstead County, Arkansas | 1921 | April 15 | 59 | 300 | F4 | Grazulis, p. 773) | |
42 | Cary/Gooden Lake/Pugh City/Morgan City/Money, Mississippi—Middleton, Tennessee | 1971 | February 21 | 58 | 795 | F4 | Grazulis reported 700 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,121) | Tornado outbreak of February 21–22, 1971 |
Jackson, Mississippi | 1966 | March 3 | 58 | 518 | F5 | Grazulis reported 57 deaths and 504 injuries. (Grazulis, p. 1,079) | 1966 Candlestick Park tornado outbreak | |
44 | Mayfield—Princeton—Dawson Springs—Bremen, Kentucky | 2021 | December 10 | 57 | 515+ | EF4 | 2021 Western Kentucky tornado | |
Fergus Falls, Minnesota | 1919 | June 22 | 57 | 200 | F5 | 1919 Fergus Falls tornado (Grazulis, p. 764) | ||
46 | Wesson—Beauregard—Georgetown, Mississippi | 1883 | April 22 | 56 | 300 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 617) | |
47 | Warren, Arkansas | 1949 | January 3 | 55 | 435 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 941) | |
Fort Smith—Van Buren, Arkansas | 1898 | January 11 | 55 | 113 | F4 | 1898 Fort Smith, Arkansas, tornado (Grazulis, p. 681) | ||
49 | Steedman—Horrell Hill—Gaillard Crossroads, South Carolina | 1924 | April 30 | 53 | 534 | F4 | "The Horrell Hill Tornado" | April 1924 tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 788) |
50 | Pryor, Oklahoma | 1942 | April 27 | 52 | 350 | F4 | Two days after the tornado struck, the Associated Press reported a total of 60 deaths; "an unofficial check of mortuaries in the storm area showed 70 known dead." The World History Project reported greater than 400 injuries.[10] | (Grazulis, p. 899) |
51 | Kensett—Judsonia—Bald Knob—Russell, Arkansas | 1952 | March 21 | 50 | 325 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952, (Grazulis, p. 962) |
30–49 fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
52 | Brinkley, Arkansas | 1909 | March 8 | 49 | 600 | F4 | A report from the NWS indicated 64 deaths and 671 injuries, although this may have been a combination of two tornadoes. | (Grazulis, p. 719) |
Perry County—Lawley—Jemison—Union Grove—Chilton County, Alabama | 1932 | March 21 | 49 | 150 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 842) | ||
Gilliam—Bolinger—Belcher, Louisiana | 1908 | May 13 | 49 | 135 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 715) | ||
55 | Waverly/Melbourne Plantation, Louisiana—Delta City/Inverness/Moorhead, Mississippi | 1971 | February 21 | 47 | 510 | F5 | Grazulis reported 46 deaths and 400 injuries. (Grazulis, p. 1,121) | Tornado outbreak of February 21–22, 1971 |
Ortonville—Thomas—North Oxford—Whigville, Michigan | 1896 | May 25 | 47 | 100 | F5 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896, (Grazulis, p. 676) | ||
57 | New Albany, Indiana | 1917 | March 23 | 46 | 250 | F4 | March 1917 tornado outbreak | |
58 | Orland, Indiana—East Gilead/Reading/Hillsdale/Manitou Beach, Michigan | 1965 | April 11 | 44 | 587 | F4 | Per Grazulis, these two tornadoes were "inseparable" with regards to damage paths. Grazulis also reported a total of 612 injuries. (Grazulis, p. 1,065) | 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak |
Williamsburg/Spring Hill, Kansas—Ruskin Heights/Raytown, Missouri | 1957 | May 20 | 44 | 531 | F5 | "The Ruskin Heights Tornado" | May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence, (Grazulis, p. 1,007) | |
60 | Wichita Falls, Texas | 1979 | April 10 | 42 | 1,740 | F4 | Twenty-five fatalities and 30 (out of 59) serious injuries were related to people trying to seek shelter or outrun the tornado in their cars (Grazulis, p. 1,209) | 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak |
61 | Gantts Quarry—Sylacauga—Chandler Springs—Ashland, Alabama | 1932 | March 21 | 41 | 325 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 843) | |
Bynum—Mertens—Rankin—Bardwell—Ensign—Frost, Texas | 1930 | May 6 | 41 | 200 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 834) | ||
Gallatin, Tennessee—Holland/Beaumont, Kentucky | 1925 | March 18 | 41 | 95 | F4 | Grazulis reported 39 fatalities (Grazulis, p. 796) | Tri-State tornado outbreak | |
64 | Norristown—Statesboro—Oliver, Georgia | 1929 | April 25 | 40 | 300 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 825) | |
65 | Lacey's Spring/Paint Rock/Jackson County, Alabama—Ladds Switch, Tennessee | 1932 | March 21 | 38 | 500 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 844) | |
Vicksburg, Mississippi | 1953 | December 5 | 38 | 270 | F5 | 1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi, tornado (Grazulis, p. 976) | ||
Bolivar—Henderson—Jack's Creek—Darden, Tennessee | 1952 | March 21 | 38 | 157 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952 (Grazulis, p. 963) | ||
68 | Rochester, Minnesota | 1883 | August 21 | 37 | 200 | F5 | The lack of medical facilities needed to care for the injured indirectly led to the establishment of the Mayo Clinic | 1883 Rochester tornado (Grazulis, p. 623) |
Tuscaloosa—Northport, Alabama | 1932 | March 21 | 37 | 200 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 842) | ||
Sandersville—Harmony—Nancy, Mississippi | 1933 | March 31 | 37 | 170 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 848) | ||
71 | Bridge Creek—Moore—Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | 1999 | May 3 | 36 | 583 | F5 | 1999 Bridge Creek-Moore tornado | |
Elkhart—Dunlap, Indiana | 1965 | April 11 | 36 | 321 | F4 | Grazulis reported 320 injuries. (Grazulis, p. 1,066) | 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | |
Bay Springs—Rose Hill—Savoy—Meridian, Mississippi | 1920 | April 20 | 36 | 200 | F4 | April 1920 tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 769) | ||
Moundville, Alabama | 1904 | January 22 | 36 | 150 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 701) | ||
Tyler, Minnesota | 1918 | August 21 | 36 | 100 | F4 | Grazulis reported 225 injuries (Grazulis, p. 761) | 1918 Tyler tornado | |
Tompkinsville—Sewell—Cundiff—Russell Springs, Kentucky | 1933 | May 9 | 36 | 87 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933 | ||
Kenedy—Runge—Nordheim, Texas | 1930 | May 6 | 36 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 834) | ||
78 | Tuckerman—Jonesboro, Arkansas | 1968 | May 15 | 35 | 364 | F4 | Grazulis reported 361 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,099) | Tornado outbreak of May 1968 |
Sulphur Springs—Pine Bluff, Arkansas | 1947 | June 1 | 35 | 300 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 931) | ||
Dora—Bergens—Warrior—Royal—Wynnville—Albertville—Sylvania, Alabama | 1908 | April 24 | 35 | 188 | F4 | 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak | ||
Livingston—Beatty Swamps, Tennessee | 1933 | May 10 | 35 | 150 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933, (Grazulis, p. 851) | ||
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | 1942 | June 12 | 35 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 902) | ||
83 | Xenia, Ohio | 1974 | April 3 | 34 | 1,150 | F5 | 1974 Xenia tornado, (Grazulis, p. 1,154) | |
Kirksville, Missouri | 1899 | April 27 | 34 | 125 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 686) | ||
Wallingford, Connecticut | 1878 | August 9 | 34 | 70 | F4 | Number of fatalities range from 29 to 34, depending on source (Grazulis, p. 596) | 1878 Wallingford tornado | |
Zephyr, Texas | 1909 | May 30 | 34 | 70 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 723) | ||
Marquette, Kansas | 1905 | May 8 | 34 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 705) | ||
88 | Oak Lawn—Evergreen Park—Chicago Illinois | 1967 | April 21 | 33 | 500 | F4 | 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,089) | |
Fosterburg—Bunker Hill—Gillespie, Illinois | 1948 | March 19 | 33 | 449 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 934) | ||
90 | Birmingham, Alabama | 1998 | April 8 | 32 | 259 | F5 | Tornado outbreak of April 6–9, 1998 | |
Hazlehurst—Sardis, Mississippi | 1969 | January 23 | 32 | 241 | F4 | 1969 Hazlehurst, Mississippi, tornadoes, (Grazulis, p. 1,103) | ||
93 | Brandenburg, Kentucky | 1974 | April 3 | 31 | 257 | F5 | Grazulis reported 270 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1.154) | List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak |
Goshen—Midway, Indiana | 1965 | April 11 | 31 | 252 | F4 | 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | ||
Plantersville—Stanton—Lomax—Marble Valley, Alabama | 1932 | March 21 | 31 | 200 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak | ||
Crane Creek—Flat Creek Township—Ozark—Linden—Panther Creek, Missouri | 1880 | April 18 | 31 | 100 | F4 | "The Finley Creek Tornado" | Tornado outbreak of April 1880, (Grazulis, p. 608) | |
Gardner—Oconee, Georgia | 1921 | February 10 | 31 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 771) | ||
Moore, Oklahoma | 1893 | April 25 | 31 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 652) | ||
98 | Wellsburg, West Virginia—Chartiers Township/Dry Tavern, Pennsylvania—Oakland, Maryland | 1944 | June 23 | 30 | 300 | F4 | 1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 915) | |
Saragosa, Texas | 1987 | May 22 | 30 | 121 | F4 | 1987 Saragosa tornado, (Grazulis, p. 1,278) | ||
Lula/Dundee/Strayhorn/Arkabutla/Coldwater, Mississippi—La Grange, Tennessee | 1900 | November 20 | 30 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 692) | ||
Piedmont/Goshen/Rock Run, Alabama—Cave Spring, Georgia | 1884 | February 19 | 30 | 100 | F4 | Enigma tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 625) | ||
Stafford, Virginia—Charles County, Maryland | 1818 | August 15 | 30 | F? | "The Potomac Gale" may have been a tornado or associated with a tornado, but it also may not have been a tornado at all. (Grazulis, p. 556) | |||
Washington, D.C. | 1814 | August 25 | 30 | F? | Grazulis stated the fatalities probably included some British soldiers. (Grazulis, p. 555) | Burning of Washington, List of tornadoes in Washington, D.C. |
25–29 fatalities
[edit]20–24 fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belvidere, Illinois | 1967 | April 21 | 24 | 410 | F4 | Grazulis reported 500 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,088) | 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak | |
Smith Mills, Kentucky—Evansville—Paradise—Gentryville, Indiana | 2005 | November 6 | 24 | 238 | F3 | Evansville tornado outbreak of November 2005 | ||
Moore, Oklahoma | 2013 | May 20 | 24 | 212 | EF5 | 2013 Moore tornado | ||
Ingomar—Baker—Keownville—Glen, Mississippi | 1920 | April 20 | 24 | 180 | F4 | April 1920 tornado outbreak | ||
New Baden—Germantown—Mascoutah, Illinois | 1896 | May 27 | 24 | 125 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896, (Grazulis, p. 677) | ||
Eureka Springs—Green Forest—Berryville, Arkansas | 1927 | March 18 | 24 | 110 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 806) | ||
New Castle—Millville (Henry County)—Hagerstown—Greens Fork, Indiana | 1917 | March 11 | 24 | 110 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 750) | ||
Mineola—Blodgett—Spring Hill, Texas | 1919 | April 9 | 24 | 100 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 1919 | ||
Mayersville—Grace—Isola—Moorhead, Mississippi | 1919 | March 16 | 24 | 80 | F4 | Grazulis reported that the death toll may have been higher. | (Grazulis, p. 762) | |
Mount Vernon, Illinois | 1888 | February 19 | 24 | 80 | F4 | This was the only fatal tornado during this rare February outbreak. (Grazulis, p. 643) | [13] | |
Stantonville—Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee | 1909 | October 14 | 24 | 80 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 725) | ||
Strong, Arkansas | 1927 | May 9 | 24 | 72 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of May 1927 | ||
St. Mary's—Lisbon—Mount Vernon—Mechanicsville, Iowa | 1860 | June 3 | 24 | 60 | F? | (Grazulis, p. 566) | ||
Cordele—Crisp County, Georgia | 1936 | April 2 | 23 | 500 | F4 | 1936 Cordele-Greensboro tornado outbreak. (Grazulis, p. 865) | ||
Coldwater Lake–Hillsdale–Manitou Beach–Devils Lake–Tecumseh, Michigan | 1965 | April 11 | 23 | 294 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | ||
Howard—Mitchell Counties, Texas | 1923 | May 14 | 23 | 250 | F5 | A man and his three sons were killed in one house (Grazulis, p. 783) | [14] | |
Cisco, Texas | 1893 | April 28 | 23 | 150 | F4 | Death toll may have been as high as 26 | (Grazulis, p. 662) | |
Smithville, Mississippi—Hodges, Alabama | 2011 | April 27 | 23 | 137 | EF5 | 2011 Smithville tornado | ||
Cape Girardeau, Missouri—Alexander County, Illinois | 1949 | May 21 | 23 | 130 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 948) | ||
Oklahoma City—Bethany, Oklahoma | 1930 | November 19 | 23 | 125 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 839) | ||
Pee Dee—Rockingham—Philadelphia (Church)—Manly, North Carolina | 1884 | February 19 | 23 | 100 | F4 | Enigma tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 626) | ||
Beauregard, Alabama | 2019 | March 3 | 23 | 97 | EF4 | 2019 Beauregard tornado | ||
Greenbrier—Enders—Heber Springs, Arkansas | 1926 | November 25 | 23 | 90 | F4 | Reported as 20 deaths and 75 injuries elsewhere[15] | (Grazulis, p. 804) | |
Batesville—Moorefield—Sneed—Swifton, Arkansas | 1929 | April 10 | 23 | 80 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 824) | ||
Andale—Sedgwick—McLain—Elbing, Kansas | 1917 | May 25 | 23 | 70 | F5 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917, (Grazulis, p. 751) | ||
Meridian, Mississippi | 1906 | March 2 | 23 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 707) | ||
Ossian/Townley, Indiana—Brunersburg/Raabs Corner, Ohio | 1920 | March 28 | 23 | 54 | F4 | 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 768) | ||
Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil | 1948 | May 16 | 23 | F? | "Several animal casualties" were also reported | List of Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks | ||
Charleston—Beaufort County, South Carolina | 1814 | June 30 | 23 | F? | Started as a tornado on land then moved into Port Royal Sound; as a waterspout, killed 23 of the 40 people who were onboard the schooner "Alligator" | (Grazulis, p. 555) | ||
Larose, Louisiana | 1964 | October 3 | 22 | 165 | F4 | Deadliest hurricane-spawned tornado on record (since 1900) and one of only two to reach F4 intensity | Hurricane Hilda tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1057) | |
Ragland—Piedmont—Goshen—Rock Run, Alabama | 1994 | March 27 | 22 | 150 | F4 | 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | ||
Birmingham—Smithfield, Alabama | 1977 | April 4 | 22 | 125 | F5 | Tornado outbreak of April 1977 | ||
Cartersville—Jasper—Cagle—Tate—Mount Oglethorpe, Georgia | 1884 | February 19 | 22 | 100 | F4 | Enigma tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 625) | ||
Viroqua, Wisconsin | 1865 | June 28 | 22 | 100 | F? | 1865 Viroqua tornado, (Grazulis, p. 568) | ||
Margaret/Ragland/Shoal Creek Valley/Ohatchee/Piedmont, Alabama—Cave Spring/Kingston, Georgia | 2011 | April 27 | 22 | 85 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak | ||
Macon, Mississippi | 1880 | April 25 | 22 | 72 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 609) | ||
Castalian Springs/Lafayette, Tennessee—Tompkinsville, Kentucky | 2008 | February 5 | 22 | 63 | EF3 | List of tornadoes in the 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak | ||
Yutan, Nebraska—Logan, Iowa | 1913 | March 23 | 22 | 50 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913, (Grazulis, p. 737) | ||
Goodwater/Oak Bowery, Alabama—Harris/Talbot Counties, Georgia | 1875 | May 1 | 22 | 30 | F3 | Death toll may have been at least 35 based on a total of 26 (unconfirmed) deaths in Talbot County. | (Grazulis, p. 583) | |
Sabinas—Hondo Coal Mine, Coahuila, Mexico | 1899 | May 10 | 22 | F? | Possibly greater than 22 deaths | List of Central American tornadoes | ||
Huntsville, Alabama | 1989 | November 15 | 21 | 463 | F4 | November 1989 tornado outbreak | ||
Picher, Oklahoma—Racine/Neosho, Missouri | 2008 | May 10 | 21 | 350 | EF4 | This was one of the catalysts that made Picher a ghost town. It was already mostly abandoned due to mining waste that had sickened many of its residents. | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 7–11, 2008 | |
St. Louis, Missouri | 1959 | February 10 | 21 | 345 | F4 | St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959 | ||
Coldwater Lake–Hillsdale–Manitou Beach–Devils Lake–Tecumseh, Michigan | 1965 | April 11 | 21 | 293 | F4 | --> | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | |
Prescott, Kansas—Sprague, Missouri | 1887 | April 21 | 21 | 250 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 642) | ||
Terre Haute, Indiana | 1913 | March 23 | 21 | 250 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913, (Grazulis, p. 738) | ||
Brent—Centreville—Helena, Alabama | 1933 | May 5 | 21 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933 | ||
Metropolis, Illinois—Sheridan/Blackford/Dixon/Delaware/West Louisville, Kentucky | 1890 | March 27 | 21 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of March 27, 1890, (Grazulis, p. 650) | ||
Colfax, Wisconsin | 1958 | June 4 | 21 | 110 | F5 | Grazulis reported 20 deaths and an F4 rating (Grazulis, p. 1,015) | Tornado outbreak of June 3–4, 1958 | |
Rojas, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina | 1816 | September 16 | 21 | 82 | F? | "The Rojas Tornado" was one of the first tornadoes on record in Argentina. | List of Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks | |
Grenada, Mississippi | 1846 | May 7 | 21 | 62 | F? | At least 21 deaths | (Grazulis, p. 561) | |
Bondurant—Santiago—Valeria—Mingo, Iowa | 1896 | May 24 | 21 | 60 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896, (Grazulis, p. 676) | ||
Casscoe—Holly Grove—Duncan, Arkansas | 1944 | April 10 | 21 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 911) | ||
Rodessa, Louisiana | 1938 | February 17 | 21 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 873) | ||
McAlester, Oklahoma | 1882 | May 8 | 21 | 42 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 615) | ||
Ringgold, Georgia—Apison/Cleveland/Etowah, Tennessee | 2011 | April 27 | 20 | 335 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak | ||
Bellwood—Maywood—Melrose Park—Dunning (Chicago), Illinois | 1920 | March 28 | 20 | 300 | F4 | 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | ||
Blackwell, Oklahoma | 1955 | May 25 | 20 | 280 | F5 | 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 987) | ||
Commerce Landing, Mississippi | 1955 | February 1 | 20 | 141 | F3 | Official records stated that this was not a tornado despite witness reports to the contrary and the carrying/throwing of heavy objects for long distances. | (Grazulis, p. 985) | |
Wellington Township—Cairo Township—West Newton—New Ulm, Minnesota | 1881 | July 15 | 20 | 93 | F4 | 1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 612) | ||
Silverton, Texas | 1957 | May 15 | 20 | 80 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,006) | ||
Deanburg—Pinson, Tennessee | 1923 | March 11 | 20 | 70 | F5 | (Grazulis, p. 782) | ||
Overton—Rocheport—Midway—-Hinton, Missouri—Centralia, Missouri | 1917 | June 5 | 20 | 68 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 756) |
15-19 fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asherville—Coatesville—Amo—Hadley—Danville, Indiana | 1948 | March 26 | 19 | 200 | F4 | Grazulis, p. 936) | ||
Anderson—Belton, South Carolina | 1933 | May 5 | 19 | 100 | F3 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933 | ||
Hopewell (Blount County)—Summit, Alabama | 1903 | April 8 | 19 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 697) | ||
Nevada—Josephine—Farmersville—Tigertown, Texas | 1927 | May 9 | 19 | 100 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of May 1927 | ||
Rainbow Lake (Shipshewana)—Ontario—Brighton, Indiana | 1965 | April 11 | 19 | 100 | F4 | The National Weather Service reported only five deaths and 41 injuries | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,065) | |
Putnam County—Cookeville, Tennessee | 2020 | March 3 | 19 | 87 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2020 | ||
Ellison, Illinois | 1858 | May 31 | 19 | 60 | F? | (Grazulis, p. 565) | ||
Duncan, Mississippi | 1929 | February 25 | 19 | 42 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 822) | ||
Otterbein—Monticello—Valentine, Indiana | 1974 | April 3 | 18 | 362 | F4 | Grazulis reported 19 fatalities (Grazulis, p. 1,159) | List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak | |
Newton Falls/Niles/Hubbard, Ohio—Wheatland/Hermitage/Greenfield, Pennsylvania | 1985 | May 31 | 18 | 310 | F5 | List of tornadoes in the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,268) | ||
Albany—Dougherty County, Georgia | 1940 | February 10 | 18 | 300 | F4 | [16] (Grazulis, p. 889) | ||
Warner Robins—Robins Air Force Base—Jeffersonville, Georgia | 1953 | April 30 | 18 | 300 | F4 | Grazulis reported 19 deaths (Grazulis, p. 968) | Tornado outbreak sequence of April 28 – May 2, 1953 | |
Toledo, Ohio—Lost Peninsula (Michigan) | 1965 | April 11 | 18 | 236 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | ||
Cotton Valley—Leton—Dykesville—Haynesville, Louisiana | 1947 | December 31 | 18 | 225 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 933) | ||
Pittsfield—Grafton—Strongsville, Ohio | 1965 | April 11 | 18 | 200 | F5 | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak | ||
Tomato, Arkansas—Dyersburg/Sharon/Ore Springs, Tennessee | 1917 | May 27 | 18 | 175 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917, (Grazulis, p. 752) | ||
Sheridan—England—Hazen, Arkansas | 1949 | March 26 | 18 | 150 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 942) | ||
Cullman—Phelan—Berlin—Fairview, Alabama | 1932 | March 21 | 18 | 100 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 842) | ||
Douglas/Syracuse/Berlin (Otoe)/Rock Bluff, Nebraska—Bartlett/Glenwood, Iowa | 1913 | March 23 | 18 | 100 | F4 | "The Berlin Tornado" (Grazulis, p. 737) | Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 | |
Logansport—Shreveport—Barksdale (Slack) AFB, Louisiana | 1950 | February 12 | 18 | 77 | F4 | Grazulis reported eight deaths and 70 injuries (Grazulis, p. 953) | Tornado outbreak of February 11–13, 1950 | |
Blue Ridge—Delba—Trenton—Ector—Ravenna, Texas | 1919 | April 8 | 18 | 60 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 1919 | ||
Crenshaw—Pike Counties, Alabama | 1925 | October 25 | 18 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 800) | ||
Delphos—Irving, Kansas | 1879 | May 30 | 18 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 601) | ||
Rib Lake—Withee—Thorp—Owen, Wisconsin | 1924 | September 21 | 18 | 50 | F4 | [17] | ||
Montague County, Texas | 1905 | July 5 | 18 | 40 | F4 | Not listed as an official tornado in the State of Texas (or elsewhere) but was witnessed as such (funnel cloud, debris carried for many miles). This atypically violent (for Texas) July tornado wiped out the Long Branch, Barrel Springs, and Dixie farming communities. Path width reportedly varied from 0.25–3 miles. | (Grazulis, p. 706) | |
Deshler—Cygnet—West Cleveland, Ohio | 1953 | June 8 | 17 | 379 | F4 | Flint-Worcester tornado outbreak sequence | ||
Saugatuck—Hudsonville—Standale—Grand Rapids, Michigan | 1956 | April 3 | 17 | 292 | F5 | Grazulis reported 18 deaths and 340 injuries (Grazulis, p. 995) | Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1956 | |
Bejucal, Mayabeque Province, Cuba | 1940 | December 26 | 17 | 240 | F4 | Deadliest and most violent tornado in Cuba’s history | List of Caribbean Tornadoes | |
Haysville—McConnell AFB—Andover, Kansas | 1991 | April 26 | 17 | 225 | F5 | 1991 Andover tornado outbreak | ||
McKeesport—Dravosburg—Port Vue—Versailles—Boston—Greenock—Donegal—Somerset, Pennsylvania | 1944 | June 23 | 17 | 200 | F4 | 1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 915) | ||
Melvindale, Michigan, United States—Windsor/Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada | 1946 | June 17 | 17 | 200 | F4 | Likely greater than 200 injuries. All of the fatalities, many of the injuries, and all of the F4 damage occurred in Ontario. Grazulis reported a death toll of 15 but an unknown Canadian source suggested as high as 18. | 1946 Windsor-Tecumseh tornado, (Grazulis, p. 924) | |
Milton, Florida | 1962 | March 31 | 17 | 200 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of March 30–31, 1962, (Grazulis, p. 1,040) | ||
Rolling Fork—Midnight—Silver City, Mississippi | 2023 | March 24 | 17 | 165 | EF4 | 2023 Rolling Fork–Silver City tornado | ||
Birmingham—Avondale—Irondale, Alabama | 1901 | March 25 | 17 | 100 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 693) | ||
Harper—Kellogg—Wellington, Kansas | 1892 | May 27 | 17 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 657) | ||
Smith Chapel—Princedale—Parkin, Arkansas | 1929 | April 10 | 17 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 824) | ||
Yarbro, Arkansas—Cooter, Missouri—Owl Hoot/Miston/Ridgely/Elbridge, Tennessee | 1952 | March 21 | 17 | 100 | F4 | Grazulis reported 25 deaths and 150 injuries (Grazulis, p. 963) | Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952 | |
West Liberty (Jay County)/Geneva/Ceylon, Indiana—Van Wert, Ohio | 1920 | March 28 | 17 | 70 | F4 | 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 768) | ||
La Plata—Cedarville, Maryland | 1926 | November 9 | 17 | 65 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 804) | ||
Eustace—Big Rock—Tundra—Grand Saline, Texas | 1919 | April 9 | 17 | 60 | F4 | Grazulis reported 20 deaths (Grazulis, p. 764) | Tornado outbreak of April 1919 | |
Franklin/Richland/Madison/East Carroll Parish, Louisiana—Issaquena/Sharkey Counties, Mississippi | 1919 | March 16 | 17 | 50 | F3 | [18] | ||
Mifflin Township (Owensville)—Linden Township (Lost Grove)—Mineral Point—Oregon—Fitchburg, Wisconsin | 1878 | May 23 | 17 | 45 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 594) | ||
Wall Lake—Sac City—Pomeroy, Iowa | 1878 | April 21 | 17 | 29 | F4 | "Boyer River Tornado" | (Grazulis, p. 594) | |
Jud—O’Brien—Knox City, Texas | 1953 | March 13 | 17 | 25 | F4 | Grazulis reported as many as 60 injuries (Grazulis, p. 966) | Tornado outbreak of March 12–15, 1953 | |
Bellevue—Stoneburg, Texas | 1906 | April 26 | 17 | 20 | F4 | Grazulis reported 50 injuries (Grazulis, p. 707) | [19] | |
Topeka, Kansas | 1966 | June 8 | 16 | 450 | F5 | Grazulis reported 406 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,081) | Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966 | |
Itu, São Paulo, Brazil | 1991 | September 30 | 16 | 350 | F4 | List of tornadoes in Brazil | ||
Colby—Prescott, Kansas | 1887 | April 21 | 16 | 250 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 642) | ||
Kingsport/Hancock County, Tennessee | 1933 | March 14 | 16 | 235 | F3 | March 1933 Nashville tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 847) | ||
Abbeville—Ninety Six—Chappells—Prosperity—Greenwood, South Carolina | 1944 | April 16 | 16 | 200 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 912) | ||
Mayflower—Vilonia, Arkansas | 2014 | April 27 | 16 | 193 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014 | ||
Tanner, Alabama (#2)—Manchester, Tennessee | 1974 | April 3 | 16 | 190 | F5 | Grazulis reported 22 deaths and 250 injuries. This was the second F5 tornado to pass through Tanner during the 1974 Super Outbreak. (Grazulis, p. 1,160) | List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak | |
Snow Hill—Ayden—Winterville—Greenville, North Carolina | 1984 | March 28 | 16 | 153 | F4 | 1984 Carolinas tornado outbreak | ||
Jamestown—Atlantic, Pennsylvania—Sheakleyville—Dempseytown—Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania | 1985 | May 31 | 16 | 125 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,268) | ||
Wilburton—Keota—Sallisaw, Oklahoma | 1960 | May 5 | 16 | 106 | F4 | May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence | ||
Mount Carmel, Illinois | 1877 | June 4 | 16 | 100 | F4 | Some historical accounts suggest as many as 30 fatalities but this is unconfirmed. | (Grazulis, p. 588) | |
Missouri City—Richmond, Missouri | 1878 | June 1 | 16 | 90 | F4 | Six months after the tornado, a local newspaper reported 21 fatalities | (Grazulis, p. 595) | |
McLoud—Paden—Boley (Childsville)—Welty, Oklahoma | 1942 | May 2 | 16 | 80 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 900) | ||
Byhalia, Mississippi—Moscow, Tennessee | 1952 | March 21 | 16 | 74 | F4 | Grazulis reported 17 fatalities and 94 injuries (Grazulis, p. 963) | Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952 | |
Mason City/Osage, Iowa—LeRoy/Spring Valley, Minnesota | 1894 | September 21 | 16 | 70 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 667) | ||
Newbern, Tennessee | 2006 | April 2 | 16 | 70 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of April 2, 2006 | ||
Bowling Green, Kentucky | 2021 | December 11 | 16 | 63 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021 | ||
Talihina—Reichert—Howe, Oklahoma | 1961 | May 5 | 16 | 58 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961, (Grazulis, p. 1,035) | ||
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania | 1890 | August 19 | 16 | 50 | F3 | Grazulis reported 60 injuries (Grazulis, p. 653) | 1890 Wilkes-Barre tornado | |
Clarendon—Sherwood Shores/Green Belt Reservoir—McLean, Texas | 1970 | April 18 | 16 | 42 | F4 | Grazulis reported 17 fatalities and 41 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,111) | Tornado outbreak sequence of April 17–19, 1970 | |
Vireton (now McAlester), Oklahoma | 1917 | January 4 | 16 | 20 | F3 | All 16 fatalities were children at a poorly-constructed Choctaw Indiana Baptist Mission school. Nine other children and their teacher sustained serious injuries. In an attempt to save the children, the teacher braced herself against the door; her jaw was broken as the building fell apart around them. It’s one of the worst such incidents in United States history. | (Grazulis, p. 749) | |
Pomona Lake, in Osage County, Kansas | 1978 | June 17 | 16 | 3 | F1 | The "Whippoorwill Disaster" occurred when a tornado struck a tourist boat of the same name, causing it to capsize. At least 16 of the 58 people on board were killed. It remains the deadliest F1 tornado in recorded history. | 1978 Whippoorwill tornado | |
Laredo, Texas—Nuevo Laredo, Mexico | 1905 | April 28 | 16 | F? | Grazulis states that information about this tornado is scarce. Of the 16 fatalities, nine were in Texas and seven were in Nuevo Laredo. Numerous other sources report deaths tolls from 21 to 100 but none of these are confirmed. The New York Times reported that 21 people were killed and "scores" were injured .[20] The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia) reported that 100 were killed, and many others were injured.[21] | (Grazulis, p. 706) | ||
Bauxite—Vimy Ridge—Shannon Hills—North Little Rock, Arkansas | 1997 | March 1 | 15 | 200 | F4 | At least 200 injuries | March 1997 tornado outbreak | |
Bethel Springs—Reagan (Henderson County)—Finger—Enville—Beacon, Tennessee | 1942 | March 16 | 15 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of March 16–17, 1942 | ||
Alexandria—Pineville—Libuse, Louisiana | 1923 | April 4 | 15 | 150 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 783) | ||
Schlater—Philipp—Water Valley—Pinedale, Mississippi | 1984 | April 21 | 15 | 76 | F3 | [22] (Grazulis, p. 1,255) | ||
Hamburg, Arkansas | 1941 | October 26 | 15 | 75 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 896) | ||
Palestine, Texas | 1946 | January 4 | 15 | 60 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of January 4–6, 1946 | ||
Armuchee—Everett Springs—Curryville—Oostanaula—Resaca, Georgia | 1913 | March 13 | 15 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 736) | ||
Beaverdale, Georgia—Conasauga, Polk County, Tennessee | 1932 | March 21 | 15 | 50 | F4 | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak | ||
Braxton, Mississippi | 1921 | April 26 | 15 | 50 | F4 | Grazulis, p. 774) | ||
Chambers County, Alabama—Troup/Meriwether Counties, Georgia | 1875 | May 1 | 15 | 50 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 583) | ||
El Dorado, Kansas | 1958 | June 10 | 15 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,015) | ||
Nashville—Lebanon—Bellwood, Tennessee | 1933 | March 14 | 15 | 45 | F3 | March 1933 Nashville tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 847) | ||
Garland, Texas | 1927 | May 9 | 15 | 40 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of May 1927, (Grazulis, p. 809) | ||
Oberlin—Cedar Bluffs, Kansas | 1942 | April 29 | 15 | 25 | F5 | [23] (Grazulis, p. 900) | ||
El Dorado, Kansas | 1958 | June 10 | 15 | 5 | F4 | [24] |
12-14 fatalities
[edit]10-11 fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Largo—Clearwater—Carrollwood—Temple Terrace—Galloway—Gibsonia—Loughman, Florida | 1966 | April 4 | 11 | 350 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 4–5, 1966, (Grazulis, p. 1,079) | ||
Hanover College—Madison, Indiana | 1974 | April 3 | 11 | 300 | F4 | Grazulis reported 190 injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,154) | List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak | |
Crowell, Texas | 1942 | April 28 | 11 | 250 | F4 | [29][30] | ||
Anchor Bay (Michigan) | 1964 | May 8 | 11 | 224 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 1,055) | ||
Gorham—Sand Ridge—Murphysboro—Plumfield, Illinois | 1957 | December 18 | 11 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of December 18–20, 1957, (Grazulis, p. 1,013) | ||
Hoxie—Walnut Ridge, Arkansas | 1927 | May 9 | 11 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of May 1927, (Grazulis, p. 809) | ||
Camilla, Georgia | 2000 | February 13 | 11 | 175 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of February 13–14, 2000 | ||
Tuscaloosa, Alabama | 2000 | December 16 | 11 | 144 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of December 16, 2000 | ||
Brownsville (Sweet Springs), Missouri | 1882 | April 18 | 11 | 100 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 615) | ||
Georgetown—Harrisville—Morton, Mississippi | 1883 | April 22 | 11 | 100 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 617) | ||
Mankato—Green Gables, Minnesota | 1946 | August 17 | 11 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 925) | ||
San Pedro, Misiones, Argentina | 2009 | September 7 | 11 | 100 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in Argentina | ||
Jackson, Tennessee | 2003 | May 4 | 11 | 86 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the May 2003 tornado outbreak sequence | ||
Murphysboro—Bush—Herrin, Illinois | 1912 | April 21 | 11 | 83 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 20–22, 1912, (Grazulis, p. 732) | ||
Melissa, Texas | 1921 | April 13 | 11 | 80 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 772) | ||
Great Bend, Kansas | 1915 | November 10 | 11 | 75 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 744) | ||
Arthur City, Texas—Fort Towson, Oklahoma | 1927 | April 18 | 11 | 72 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 808) | ||
Lockett/Vernon, Texas—Davidson, Oklahoma | 1979 | April 10 | 11 | 67 | F4 | 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,207) | ||
Apex, Missouri—Hardin/Carrollton/Wrights/Athensville/Loami/Springfield, Illinois | 1927 | April 19 | 11 | 63 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 808) | ||
Greensburg, Kansas | 2007 | May 4 | 11 | 63 | EF5 | Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007 | ||
York—Livingston, Alabama | 1945 | February 12 | 11 | 63 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of February 12, 1945, (Grazulis, p. 918) | ||
La Cygne, Kansas—Merwin—Bates County, Missouri | 1912 | June 15 | 11 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 735) | ||
Walterboro, South Carolina | 1879 | April 16 | 11 | 60 | F3 | Death toll could be as high as 16 as five people may have died later from their injuries. | (Grazulis, p. 598) | |
Clinton, Kentucky | 1890 | January 12 | 11 | 53 | F4 | [31] (Grazulis, p. 648) | ||
Augusta, Georgia | 1804 | April 4 | 11 | 50 | F? | [32] (Grazulis, p. 554) | ||
Bluffton, Alabama—Cave Spring, Georgia | 1908 | April 24 | 11 | 50 | F4 | 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 714) | ||
Browder—Drakesboro, Kentucky | 1942 | March 16 | 11 | 50 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of March 16–17, 1942 | ||
Jacksonville, Illinois | 1859 | May 26 | 11 | 50 | F? | (Grazulis, p. 565) | ||
Round Prairie—Dawson—Buffalo—Kenney, Illinois | 1883 | May 18 | 11 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 620) | ||
Barney—Adel—Nashville, Georgia | 2017 | January 22 | 11 | 45 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 2017 | ||
Hamilton—Shiloh, Georgia | 1875 | March 20 | 11 | 40 | F4 | Possibly as many as 15 deaths as many plantations/farms in the area were flattened. (Grazulis, p. 581) | March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak | |
Oakdale—Tomah, Wisconsin | 1907 | July 3 | 11 | 40 | F4 | [33] | ||
Shamrock—Drumright, Oklahoma | 1922 | November 4 | 11 | 40 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 782) | ||
Still Pond—Kent County, Maryland | 1888 | August 21 | 11 | 40 | F2 | (Grazulis, p. 645) | ||
Baton Rouge, Louisiana | 1891 | July 6 | 11 | 38 | F2 | (Grazulis, p. 655) | ||
Perry—Williamstown, Kansas | 1893 | June 21 | 11 | 30 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 664) | ||
Vasa/Burnside Township, Minnesota—Diamond Bluff, Wisconsin | 1879 | July 2 | 11 | 30 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 604) | ||
Dunkirk—Carey, Ohio | 1886 | May 14 | 11 | 25 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 640) | ||
Herman, Nebraska | 1899 | June 13 | 11 | 25 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 640) | ||
Marks, Mississippi | 1926 | November 26 | 11 | 22 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 805) | ||
Clifton—Morganville—Palmer, Kansas | 1896 | April 25 | 11 | 20 | F4 | Grazulis reported 9 deaths and 20 injuries, but also stated that 11 people may have died, all of them in Clay County. | (Grazulis, p. 672) | |
Golden—Viola, Missouri | 1909 | April 29 | 11 | 18 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 29 – May 1, 1909, (Grazulis, p. 720) | ||
Slidell—Sanger, Texas | 1909 | March 23 | 11 | 10 | F2 | Grazulis reported 10 deaths and 8 injuries (Grazulis, p. 719) | [34] | |
Ivy, Virginia | 1959 | September 30 | 11 | 9 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 1,023) | ||
Owens—Phillips (mining communities), Alabama | 1924 | May 27 | 11 | 7 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 789) | ||
Arcadia (Hays Creek), Nebraska | 1953 | June 7 | 11 | 5 | F4 | Flint-Worcester tornado outbreak sequence, (Grazulis, p. 973) | ||
Charleston, South Carolina | 1811 | September 10 | 11 | F? | ”Hurricane-spawned tornado” moved directly through the middle of the city. | (Grazulis, p. 554) | ||
Fray Marcos, Florida Department, Uruguay | 1970 | April 21 | 11 | F4 | ”several” injuries | List of tornadoes in Uruguay | ||
New Pekin—Henryville—Marysville—Chelsea, Indiana | 2012 | March 2 | 11 | EF4 | Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012 | |||
Dallas County, Texas | 2015 | December 26 | 10 | 468 | EF4 | 2015 Garland tornado | ||
Medicine Lodge—Kingman—Hutchinson—McPherson, Kansas | 1927 | May 7 | 10 | 300 | F5 | Tornado outbreak of May 1927, (Grazulis, p. 808) | ||
Dallas, Texas | 1957 | April 2 | 10 | 216 | F3 | Tornado outbreak sequence of April 2–5, 1957, (Grazulis, p. 1,000) | ||
Hollow, Oklahoma—Chetopa/Faulkner/Columbus, Kansas | 1938 | March 30 | 10 | 200 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 875) | ||
Nacogdoches, Texas | 1946 | January 4 | 10 | 200 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of January 4–6, 1946, (Grazulis, p. 922) | ||
Carterville—Crainville—Marion, Illinois | 1982 | May 29 | 10 | 181 | F4 | Marion, Illinois, tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,242) | ||
Paris—Reno—Blossom, Texas | 1982 | April 2 | 10 | 170 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1982, (Grazulis, p. 1,236) | ||
Tallulah, Louisiana—Yazoo City/Durant, Mississippi | 2010 | April 24 | 10 | 146 | EF4 | 2010 Yazoo City tornado | ||
Dothan—Cowarts—Webb, Alabama | 1918 | January 11 | 10 | 120 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 757) | ||
Clinton County, Kentucky | 1974 | April 3 | 10 | 113 | F4 | List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak | ||
West Liberty, Kentucky—Dunlow/Cove Gap, West Virginia | 2012 | March 2 | 10 | 112 | EF3 | Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012 | ||
Fargo, North Dakota | 1957 | June 20 | 10 | 103 | F5 | Unofficial death toll was 12 based on two people who later died from their injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,009) | Fargo tornado | |
Monticello, Mississippi | 1882 | April 22 | 10 | 100 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 615) | ||
Success—Licking—Eye—Mineral Point, Missouri | 1917 | May 30 | 10 | 100 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917, (Grazulis, p. 753) | ||
Louisville, Mississippi | 2014 | April 28 | 10 | 84 | EF4 | List of tornadoes in the tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014 | ||
Koontz Lake—LaPaz—Lakeville—Wyatt, Indiana | 1965 | April 11 | 10 | 82 | F3 | List of tornadoes in the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 1,063) | ||
Arroyo Seco, Santa Fe, Argentina | 1891 | November 13 | 10 | 80 | F4 | List of tornadoes in Argentina | ||
Parrott—Plains—Americus, Georgia | 1883 | April 22 | 10 | 80 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 618) | ||
Booneville—Paris—Minnow Creek—Clarksville, Arkansas | 1945 | April 12 | 10 | 70 | F4 | Tornado outbreak of April 1945, (Grazulis, p. 919) | ||
Tamo—New Hope Church | 1926 | November 25 | 10 | 66 | F3 | All of the fatalities and 40 of the injuries resulted from the tornado hitting a wedding party as they were leaving the church. The church itself was destroyed and all that remains is the cemetery on the same property. | (Grazulis, p. 804) | |
Elysian Fields, Texas—Flournoy/Shreveport, Louisiana | 1940 | March 12 | 10 | 60 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 889) | ||
Paragould, Arkansas—Bakerville/Bragg City/Wardell/Kennett, Missouri | 1938 | March 15 | 10 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 874) | ||
Springfield—Buffalo Hart—Cornland—Chestnut—Mount Pulaski—Riverton, Illinois | 1927 | April 19 | 10 | 60 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 808) | ||
Belleville—O’Fallon, Illinois | 1938 | March 15 | 10 | 52 | F4 | At least 52 injuries | (Grazulis, p. 874) | |
Cookeville—Putnam County, Tennessee | 1974 | April 3 | 10 | 51 | F4 | An 11th person later died from their injuries (Grazulis, p. 1,161) | List of tornadoes in the 1974 Super Outbreak | |
Commerce—Hernando, Mississippi | 1881 | April 12 | 10 | 50 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 611) | ||
Gowan (or Gowen), Oklahoma | 1922 | March 13 | 10 | 50 | F2 | At least 23 people were seriously injured and some may have later died from their injuries. | (Grazulis, p. 777) | |
Middleton—McNairy—Henderson, Tennessee | 1913 | March 13 | 10 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 736) | ||
Newburg—La Vergne, Tennessee | 1877 | April 18 | 10 | 50 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 588) | ||
Hot Springs, Arkansas | 1915 | November 15 | 10 | 45 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 745) | ||
Battle Creek—Eureka Township—Hayes Township—Storm Lake, Iowa | 1878 | April 21 | 10 | 40 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 594) | ||
Centerville—Leiper's Fork, Tennessee | 1909 | April 29 | 10 | 40 | F3 | Tornado outbreak of April 29 – May 1, 1909, (Grazulis, p. 721) | ||
Chipley/Pine Mountain—Harris—Greenville, Georgia | 1908 | April 25 | 10 | 40 | F3 | 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 714) | ||
Chipley/Pine Mountain, Georgia | 1924 | April 30 | 10 | 35 | F3 | April 1924 tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 788) | ||
Bay Springs—Increase, Mississippi | 1924 | May 26 | 10 | 30 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 788) | ||
Laneville—Hale County—Scott Station, Alabama | 1932 | March 21 | 10 | 30 | F3 | As many as 20 deaths in Laneville alone, poorly documented, unconfirmed (Grazulis, p. 843) | 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak | |
Oasis—Melva—Bradleyville, Missouri | 1920 | March 11 | 10 | 30 | F4 | Nine children were killed by this tornado, some reports suggest 11 total fatalities (see Melva, Missouri page) | (Grazulis, p. 767) | |
Unionville—Dyersburg—Newbern, Tennessee | 1952 | March 21 | 10 | 30 | F3 | Grazulis reported nine deaths and 50 injuries (Grazulis, p. 963) | Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952 | |
Eaton, Tennessee | 1932 | January 14 | 10 | 28 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 842) | ||
Wetumka—Lenna, Oklahoma | 1948 | March 25 | 10 | 25 | F4 | Occurred on the same day as the second of the 1948 Tinker Air Force Base tornadoes | (Grazulis, p. 935) | |
Gans, Oklahoma | 1957 | January 22 | 10 | 21 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 999 | ||
Manes—Hazleton—Lenox—Anutt, Missouri | 1917 | May 30 | 10 | 20 | F4 | Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917, (Grazulis, p. 753) | ||
Troy—Durango, Texas | 1892 | May 31 | 10 | 20 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 658) | ||
Alpha—Harkey Valley, Arkansas | 1920 | April 19 | 10 | 10 | F3 | April 1920 tornado outbreak, (Grazulis, p. 769) | ||
Biwabik, Minnesota | 1900 | October 6 | 10 | 8 | F3 | (Grazulis, p. 692) | ||
Boyd County, Nebraska | 1901 | June 21 | 10 | 8 | F4 | (Grazulis, p. 694) | ||
Thurman, Colorado | 1924 | August 10 | 10 | 8 | F4 | All ten people died when the house in which they were having dinner was destroyed; nine of them were children (Grazulis, p. 792) under the age of 15. An 11th person died from his injuries four months later.[35] | ||
Harpersville, Alabama | 1964 | January 24 | 10 | 6 | F4 | [36] (Grazulis, p. 1,049) | ||
Codell—Alton—Bloomington, Kansas | 1918 | May 20 | 10 | F4 | This town was struck by progressively stronger tornado on the same day, three years in a row (1916, 1917, and 1918). Grazulis reported nine deaths and 65 injuries (Grazulis, p. 759) | references |
Notable tornadoes with fewer than ten fatalities
[edit]Rank[a] | Affected Communities [b] | Year | Month & Day | Fatalities[c] | Injuries [d] | F or EF [e] | Notes | Other References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barrie, Ontario, Canada | 1985 | May 31 | 8 | 155 | F4 | One of the deadliest and costliest tornadoes in Canadian history. The number of casualties was most likely higher. | 1985 Barrie tornado | |
Bouctouche, New Brunswick | 1879 | August 6 | 8 | F3 | Anywhere between 5 and 8 fatalities have been reported, “many” others were injured. This is the easternmost strong tornado ever to occur in North America. | 1879 Bouctouche tornado | ||
Havana, Cuba | 2019 | January 27 | 8 | 190 | EF4 | 2019 Havana tornado | ||
Pozo del Tigre, Formosa Province, Argentina | 2010 | October 21 | 6 | 116 | F? | Tornadoes of 2010 | ||
Maravilha, Santa Catarina, Brazil | 1984 | October 9 | 5 | 400 | F? | List of tornadoes in Brazil | ||
Guernica, Buenos Aires, Argentina | 2001 | January 10 | 5 | 250 | F3 | This was the second time in 16 days that this town took a direct hit from a strong (F3) tornado. A total of six people died and greater than 300 were injured between both events. | List of tornadoes in Argentina | |
Córdoba, Argentina | 2003 | December 26 | 5 | 90 | F3 | This tornado was on the ground for 24 minutes and caused an enormous amount of damage throughout the province. It is rumored to be the "longest-lasting tornado" in South American history. | List of tornadoes in Argentina | |
Freeport, Bahamas | 2010 | March 29 | 3 | 4 | F? | An extremely rare tornado toppled a crane at a construction site which resulted in all of the above fatalities and injuries. | Tornado outbreak of March 28–29, 2010 | |
Hamilton—Harrington Sound, Bermuda | 1953 | April 5 | 1 | F? | Four waterspouts made landfall near Hamilton. “Several” injuries were confirmed as well. | Easter tornadoes of 1953 |
Bibliography
[edit]- Grazulis, Thomas (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- Grazulis, Thomas (1997). Significant Tornadoes Update, 1992–1995. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-04-X.
See also
[edit]- Ted Fujita, creator of the original Fujita Scale (used in the United States from 1971 to 2007)
- Thomas P. Grazulis, meteorologist and author of "Significant Tornadoes"
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- List of tornado-related deaths at schools
- List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- List of costliest tornadoes in the Americas
- List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
- List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes
- Tornado climatology
- Tornado records
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i As of May 2023 (when this article was created).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i These are the communities (e.g. cities, towns, counties) where the greatest damage or loss of life occurred or at the beginning or end of the tornado’s track. The number of places that experience loss of life or damage is often higher than this. Colloquial tornado/event names, if applicable, are included in the Notes column of this table.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The number of fatalities and injuries may vary from source to source. Most injury figures are approximate.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The number of fatalities and injuries may vary from source to source. Most injury figures are approximate.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i After the Fujita Scale was implemented in 1971, tornadoes from the previous 100 years (1871-1971) were retrospectively reviewed to determine their ratings. These reviews were completed by either Ted Fujita or Thomas P. Grazulis. Damage assessments from 1971-2006 were completed by using the Fujita Scale or, since 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale. These reviews have been handled by teams of meteorologists and structural engineers as assigned by National Weather Service (NWS) offices around the United States.
References
[edit]- ^ "Tornado Survivors Battle Deadly Fungus in Joplin, Missouri". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Public Health Matters Blog. August 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ "Shinnston Tornado". West Virginia Archives and History. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ^ "Historic Tornadoes prior to 1950 in the Paducah NWS Forecast Area". National Weather Service (NWS), Paducah, Kentucky. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ O'Toole, John M. (1993). Tornado! 84 Minutes, 94 Lives. Databooks. ISBN 9780963627704. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "On This Day: June 3". Tornado Talk. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ "A list of the top 10 worst tornadoes in Texas history". National Weather Service, Amarillo. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882–Present)". National Weather Service, Norman. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882–Present)". National Weather Service, Norman. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ Wolford, Laura (January 1960). "Tornado Occurrences in the United States" (PDF). National Weather Service. United States Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ^ "April 27 1942 Pryor Tornado". World History Project. Retrieved May 20, 2023.
- ^ "1938 Charleston Area Tornadoes". National Weather Service, Charleston, SC. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ "November 20, 1900 Tornado Outbreak". National Weather Service, Nashville, TN. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ "Historic Tornadoes prior to 1950 in the Paducah NWS Forecast Area". National Weather Service, Paducah, KY. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
- ^ "This Day in Weather History: May 14th". National Weather Service; Aberdeen, SD. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
- ^ Tornadoes in Arkansas, 1879–1926 (Report). Vol. 55. United States Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau. April 1927. pp. 176–182. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
- ^ "Dougherty County, GA Tornado Database". National Weather Service; Tallahassee, FL. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
- ^ "Clark County, WI Tornadoes". National Weather Service; La Crosse, WI. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
- ^ "MS 30 Longest Tornado Tracks". National Weather Service; Jackson, MS. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
- ^ "Severe Weather in Texas: 1900s". Office of the Texas State Climatologist. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
- ^ "Twenty-One Killed by Tornado in Texas; Storm from Mexico Wrecks Big Buildings at Laredo. Roof Ripped Off Hospital. Teachers at Seminary Have Narrow Escape – Students Rescue One –Governor Appeals for Aid". The New York Times. April 30, 1905. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Tornado in Texas: A Town Swept Away". Trove. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Mississippi Deadliest Tornadoes". National Weather Service; Jackson, MS. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Top Ten KS Tornadoes". National Weather Service; Wichita, KS. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2022)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 25, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ "Meteorological analysis of the tornado in Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila State, Mexico, on May 25, 2015". ResearchGate. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Violent Tornadoes in Indiana". National Weather Service; Louisville, KY. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "A Tornado Climatology for Wisconsin (as of 2000)" (PDF). Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "November 20, 1900 Tornado Outbreak". National Weather Service; Nashville, TN. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Severe Weather in Texas: 1940s". Office of the Texas State Climatologist. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Crowell, TX Tornadoes (1900-Present)". National Weather Service; Norman, OK. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Violent Tornadoes in Kentucky". National Weather Service; Louisville, KY. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "This Day in Weather History: April 4th". National Weather Service; Aberdeen, SD. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Clark County, WI Tornadoes". National Weather Service; La Crosse, WI. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Monthly Weather Review, March 1909: Tornadoes of Texas" (PDF). National Weather Service. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ "Thurman Tornado August 10th 1924". National Weather Service; Denver/Boulder, CO. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
- ^ "Harpersville Tornado 1/24/1964". National Weather Service; Birmingham, Alabama. Retrieved June 6, 2023.