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Female great hornbill

Hornbills are birds in the families Bucerotidae and Bucorvidae. There are currently 62 extant species of hornbills recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union, two in Bucorvidae and 60 in Bucerotidae.[1] Many species of fossil hornbills are known from the Miocene onwards; however, their exact number and taxonomy are unsettled due to ongoing discoveries.

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (3 species)
 EN Endangered (4 species)
 VU Vulnerable (18 species)
 NT Near threatened (5 species)
 LC Least concern (17 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hornbill's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List.[1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN[a] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World,[3] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

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The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 62 species of hornbills in across two families and fifteen genera.[1] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Hornbills

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Bucorvidae

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Genus Bucorvus – Lesson, 1830 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Abyssinian ground hornbill

B. abyssinicus
(Boddaert, 1783) 		Africa  VU 


Unknown Population declining[4]

Southern ground hornbill

B. leadbeateri
(Vigors, 1825) 		Southern and East Africa
Map of range 		 VU 


Unknown Population steady[5]

Bucerotidae

[edit]
Genus Tockus – Lesson, R. P., 1830 – 10 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Tanzanian red-billed hornbill

T. ruahae
Kemp and Delport, 2002 		Central Tanzania  NE 


Unknown Unknown

Western red-billed hornbill

T. kempi
Tréca & Érard, 2000 		West Africa  NE 


Unknown Unknown

Damara red-billed hornbill

T. damarensis
(Shelley, 1888) 		Southern Africa  LC 


Unknown Population steady[6]

Southern red-billed hornbill

T. rufirostris
(Sundevall, 1850) 		Southern Africa  NE 


Unknown Unknown

Northern red-billed hornbill

T. erythrorhynchus
(Temminck, 1823) 		Africa
Map of range 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Monteiro's hornbill

T. monteiri
Hartlaub, 1865 		Angola and Namibia
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[7]

Von der Decken's hornbill

T. deckeni
(Cabanis, 1868) 		East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Jackson's hornbill

T. jacksoni
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891) 		East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[9]

Southern yellow-billed hornbill

T. leucomelas
(Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1842)

Two subspecies
  • T. l. elegans
  • T. l. leucomelas
Southern Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[10]

Eastern yellow-billed hornbill

T. flavirostris
(Rüppell, 1835) 		East Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[11]

Genus Lophoceros – Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833 – 8 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Bradfield's hornbill

L. bradfieldi
(Roberts, 1930) 		Southern Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[12]

Crowned hornbill

L. alboterminatus
Büttikofer, 1889 		Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[13]

West African pied hornbill

L. semifasciatus
(Hartlaub, 1855) 		West Africa  LC 


Unknown Unknown[14]

Congo pied hornbill


L. fasciatus
(Shaw, 1812) 		Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Unknown[15]

Hemprich's hornbill

L. hemprichii
(Ehrenberg, 1833) 		East Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[16]

African grey hornbill

L. nasutus
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Two subspecies
  • L. n. nasutus
  • L. n. epirhinus
Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[17]

Red-billed dwarf hornbill

L. camurus
(Cassin, 1857) 		East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Pale-billed hornbill

L. pallidirostris
(Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870)

Two subspecies
  • L. p. pallidirostris
  • L. p. neumanni
Southern Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[19]

Genus Bycanistes – Cabanis and Heine, 1860 – 6 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Piping hornbill

B. fistulator
(Cassin, 1850)

Three subspecies
  • B. f. fistulator
  • B. f. sharpii
  • B. f. duboisi
West and Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Trumpeter hornbill

B. bucinator
(Temminck, 1824) 		Southern and East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[21]

Brown-cheeked hornbill

B. cylindricus
(Temminck, 1831) 		West Africa  VU 


Unknown Population declining[22]

White-thighed hornbill

B. albotibialis
(Cassin and Reichenow, 1877) 		Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[23]

Black-and-white-casqued hornbill

B. subcylindricus
(Sclater, P. L., 1871)

Two subspecies
  • B. s. subcylindricus
  • B. s. subquadratus
Central and West Africa  LC 


Unknown Unknown[24]

Silvery-cheeked hornbill

B. brevis
Friedmann, 1929 		East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[25]

Genus Ceratogymna – Bonaparte, 1854 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Black-casqued hornbill

C. atrata
(Temminck, 1835) 		West and Central Africa  VU 


8,000–9,000 Population declining[26]

Yellow-casqued hornbill

C. elata
(Temminck, 1831) 		West and Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[27]

Genus Horizocerus – Oberholser, 1899 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Black dwarf hornbill

H. hartlaubi
(Gould, 1861)

Two subspecies
  • H. h. hartlaubi
  • H. h. granti
Central and West Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[28]

White-crested hornbill

H. albocristatus
(Cassin, 1848)

Three subspecies
  • H. a. albocristatus
  • H. a. macrourus
  • H. a. cassini
Central and West Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Genus Berenicornis – Bonaparte, 1850 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
White-crowned hornbill

B. comatus
(Raffles, 1822) 		Southeast Asia  EN 


Unknown Population declining[30]

Genus Buceros – Linnaeus, 1758 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rhinoceros hornbill

B. rhinoceros
Linnaeus, 1758

Three subspecies
  • B. r. borneoensis
  • B. r. rhinoceros
  • B. r. silvestris
Southeast Asia  VU 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Great hornbill

B. bicornis
Linnaeus, 1758 		South and Southeast Asia  VU 


13,000–27,000 Population declining[32]

Rufous hornbill

B. hydrocorax
Linnaeus, 1766

Three subspecies
  • B. h. hydrocorax
  • B. h. semigaleatus
  • B. h. mindanensis
Philippines  VU 


Unknown Population declining[33][34]

Genus Rhinoplax – Gloger, 1841 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Helmeted hornbill

R. vigil
(Pennant, 1781) 		Southeast Asia  CR 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Genus Anthracoceros – Reichenbach, 1849 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Palawan hornbill

A. marchei
Oustalet, 1885 		Palawan and surrounding islands  VU 


2,500–9,999 Population declining[36]

Oriental pied hornbill

A. albirostris
(Shaw, 1808)

Two subspecies
  • A. a. albirostris
  • A. a. convexus
South and Southeast Asia  LC 


Unknown Population steady[37]

Malabar pied hornbill

A. coronatus
(Boddaert, 1783) 		India and Sri Lanka  NT 


Unknown Population declining[38]

Sulu hornbill

A. montani
(Oustalet, 1880) 		Sulu Archipelago  CR 


1–49 Population declining[39]

Black hornbill

A. malayanus
(Raffles, 1822) 		Southeast Asia  VU 


Unknown Population declining[40]

Genus Ocyceros – Hume, 1873 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Malabar grey hornbill

O. griseus
(Latham, 1790) 		Southwestern India  VU 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Sri Lanka grey hornbill

O. gingalensis
(Shaw, 1812) 		Sri Lanka  LC 


Unknown Population steady[42]

Indian grey hornbill

O. birostris
(Scopoli, 1786) 		India and Nepal  LC 


Unknown Population steady[43]

Genus Anorrhinus – Reichenbach, 1849 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Tickell's brown hornbill

A. tickelli
(Blyth, 1855) 		Myanmar and Thailand  NT 


2,500–9,999 Population declining[44]

Austen's brown hornbill

A. austeni
Jerdon, 1872 		Indochina  NT 


Unknown Population declining[45]

Bushy-crested hornbill

A. galeritus
(Temminck, 1831) 		Southeast India  NT 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Genus Aceros – Hodgson, 1844 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rufous-necked hornbill

A. nipalensis
(Vigors, 1825) 		Northwest India and Indochina  VU 


7,000–10,000 Population declining[47]

Genus Rhyticeros – Reichenbach, 1849 – 6 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Blyth's hornbill

R. plicatus
(Pennant, 1781) 		Moluccas and Oceania  VU 


Unknown Population declining[48]

Narcondam hornbill

R. narcondami
Hume, 1873 		Narcondam Island  VU 


300–650 Population steady[49]

Wreathed hornbill

R. undulatus
(Shaw, 1811) 		South and Southeast Asia  VU 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Sumba hornbill

R. everetti
Rothschild, 1898 		Sumba Island  VU 


1,000–2,000 Population declining[51]

Plain-pouched hornbill

R. subruficollis
(Blyth, 1843) 		Southeast Asia  VU 


1,500–7,000 Population declining[52]

Knobbed hornbill

R. cassidix
(Temminck, 1823) 		Sulawesi and surrounding islands  VU 


Unknown Population declining[53]

Genus Rhabdotorrhinus – Meyer, A. B. and Wiglesworth, 1898 – 4 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Walden's hornbill

R. waldeni
(Sharpe, 1877) 		Panay and Negros  CR 


1,000–2,499 Population declining[54]

Writhed hornbill

R. leucocephalus
(Vieillot, 1816) 		Mindanao  NT 


Unknown Population declining[55]

Sulawesi hornbill

R. exarhatus
(Temminck, 1823)

Two subspecies
  • R. e. exarhatus
  • R. e. sanfordi
Sulawesi  VU 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Wrinkled hornbill

R. corrugatus
(Temminck, 1832) 		Southeast Asia  EN 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Genus Penelopides – Reichenbach, 1849 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Luzon hornbill

P. manillae
(Boddaert, 1783)

Two subspecies
  • P. m. manillae
  • P. m. sanfordi
Luzon and surrounding islands  LC 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Mindoro hornbill

P. mindorensis
Steere, 1890 		Mindoro  EN 


250–999 Population declining[59]

Mindanao hornbill

P. affinis
Tweeddale, 1877

Two subspecies
  • P. a. affinis
  • P. a. basilanicus
Mindanao and surrounding islands  LC 


Unknown Population declining[60]

Samar hornbill


P. corrugatus
Steere, 1890 		Eastern Visayas  NE 


Unknown Unknown

Visayan hornbill

P. panini
(Boddaert, 1783)

Two subspecies
  • P. p. ticaensis
  • P. p. panini
Western Visayas  EN 


1,200 Population declining[61]

Notes

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  1. ^ The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Mousebirds, cuckoo roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  3. ^ Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Clements Checklist. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  4. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Bucorvus abyssinicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682632A132204438. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682632A132204438.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  5. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Bucorvus leadbeateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682638A92955067. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682638A92955067.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  6. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus damarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22725940A94906853. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725940A94906853.en. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  7. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus monteiri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682367A92942465. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682367A92942465.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  8. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus deckeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682392A92943252. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682392A92943252.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus jacksoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682388A92943069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682388A92943069.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  10. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682384A92942849. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682384A92942849.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus flavirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682379A92942633. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682379A92942633.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros bradfieldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682400A92943713. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682400A92943713.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros alboterminatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682396A92943440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682396A92943440.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  14. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Lophoceros semifasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T61612971A118859362. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61612971A118859362.en. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  15. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros fasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T61612961A95171708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61612961A95171708.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  16. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Lophoceros hemprichii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682409A130080934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682409A130080934.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  17. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682413A92944101. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682413A92944101.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  18. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Lophoceros camurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682363A130080398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682363A130080398.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  19. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros pallidirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682417A92944515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682417A92944515.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  20. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes fistulator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22725962A132234122. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22725962A132234122.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  21. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes bucinator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682548A130081383. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682548A130081383.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  22. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes cylindricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682585A129918692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682585A129918692.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  23. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Bycanistes albotibialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682609A92953893. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682609A92953893.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  24. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Bycanistes subcylindricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22682577A111897019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22682577A111897019.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  25. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes brevis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682570A130081772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682570A130081772.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  26. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Ceratogymna atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682621A92954110. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682621A92954110.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  27. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Ceratogymna elata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682627A92954374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682627A92954374.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  28. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Horizocerus hartlaubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22727003A94938049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727003A94938049.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  29. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Horizocerus albocristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22725946A94907044. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725946A94907044.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  30. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Berenicornis comatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682507A132272549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682507A132272549.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  31. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros rhinoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682450A184960407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682450A184960407.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  32. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros bicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682453A184603863. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682453A184603863.en. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  33. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros hydrocorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22727019A184595905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727019A184595905.en. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  34. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros mindanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22727029A184597693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727029A184597693.en. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  35. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhinoplax vigil". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682464A184587039. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682464A184587039.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  36. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracoceros marchei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682444A92946182. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682444A92946182.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  37. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros albirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682437A184925767. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682437A184925767.en. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  38. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracoceros coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682433A92945240. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682433A92945240.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  39. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros montani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682447A178062684. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682447A178062684.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  40. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Anthracoceros malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682441A132372259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682441A132372259.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  41. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682421A182384253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682421A182384253.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  42. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros gingalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682425A184955003. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682425A184955003.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  43. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros birostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682429A184951065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682429A184951065.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  44. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Anorrhinus tickelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22731946A183158357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22731946A183158357.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  45. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Anorrhinus austeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22731941A131871758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22731941A131871758.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  46. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Anorrhinus galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22682485A177973137. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682485A177973137.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
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