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Loanwords in Classical Syriac Aramaic Mesopotamia . The Alexandrian and Seleucid rule along with interaction with their fellow citizens of the Greco-Roman world of the Fertile Crescent resulted in the adoption of numerous Greek words. The majority of these were nouns relating to Roman administration, such as officials, military, and law.[ 1] Iranian loans, although words from Sumerian , Akkadian , and Latin are also passed on in varying degrees.[ 2] Hebrew loanwords exist (particularly religious terms). The Islamic Conquests changed the demographics of the empire and resulted in an influx of a new corpus of words from Arabic while life under the Seljuk , Ottoman , and Safavid empires introduced Turkic words to the language.
Sumerian
Syriac
Pronunciation
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
E.GAL
ܗܝܟܠܐ
haykla
noun
"palace, temple"
E.KUR
ܐܓܘܪܐ
aggura
noun
"pagan shrine, altar"
agam (Akk. agammu )
ܐܓܡܐ
agma
noun
"meadow, swamp"
addir (Akk. agāru )
ܐܓܪܐ
agra
noun
"hire, wages"
azu (Akk. asû )
ܐܣܝܐ
asya
noun
"doctor (physician)"
buranun (Akk. purattu
ܦܪܬ
prāṯ
noun
"Euphrates"
idigna (Akk. idiglat
ܕܩܠܬ
deqlāṯ
noun
"Tigris"
[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
Akkadian
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
Nisannu
ܢܝܣܢ
proper noun
"April"
Ayyaru
ܐܝܪ
proper noun
"May"
Simānu
ܚܙܝܪܢ
proper noun
"June"
Duʾūzu
ܬܡܘܙ
proper noun
"July"
Abu
ܐܒ
proper noun
"August"
Ulūlu
ܐܝܠܘܠ
proper noun
"September"
Tašrītu
ܬܫܪܝܢ
proper noun
"October; November"
Kislīmu
ܟܢܘܢ
proper noun
"December; January"
Šabāṭu
ܫܒܛ
proper noun
"February"
Addaru
ܐܕܪ
proper noun
"March"
egubbu
ܓܝܒܐ
noun
"temple courtyard basin"
inbu
ܐܒܐ
noun
"fruit"
šaṭāru
ܫܛܪܐ
noun
"deed, document"
ummānu
ܐܘܡܬܐ
noun
"nation"
zīmu
ܙܝܘܐ
noun
"beauty"
ziqtu
ܙܩܬܐ
noun
"goad, rod"
abūtu
ܐܒܘܬܐ
noun
"rule, plumbline of an architect; goad for scraping plowshares; duct work"
abullu
ܐܒܘܠܐ
noun
"city gate; portico"
lilītu
ܠܠܝܬܐ
noun
"lilith; female demon"
aban gabî
ܡܓܒܝܐ
noun
"alum"
agāru
ܐܓܪܐ
noun
"hire, wages"
agurru
ܐܓܘܪܐ
noun
"kiln-fired brick or tile"
akukītu
ܟܘܟܝܬܐ
noun
"storm, whirlwind"
muršānu
ܘܪܫܢܐ
noun
"wood dove, pigeon"
amuriqānu
ܡܪܝܩܢܐ
noun
"jaundice"
arad ekalli
ܐܪܕܟܠܐ
noun
"architect, builder"
arru
ܐܪܐ
noun
"decoy bird"
asītu
ܐܫܝܬܐ
noun
"wall, column"
[ 2] [ 3] [ 6] [ 7] [ 5]
Arabic
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
بُومَة
ܒܘܡܐ
noun
"owl"
Hebrew
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
הוֹשַׁע־נָא
ܐܘܫܥܢܐ
noun; interjection
"hosanna"
Early Greek loans which were administrative in nature became obscure as society changed, although words adopted from translations of Christian and philosophical texts outlived the former and survive to the current day.
Greek
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
ἀράχνη
ܐܪܟܐܢܐ
noun
"spider"
αἱρετικός
ܗܪܛܝܩܐ
noun
"heretic"
τεταρταίος
ܛܗܛܐܪܛܗܘ ,ܛܗܛܪܛܗܐ ,ܛܗܛܐܪܛܗܐܘܣ
noun
"quartan"
ὀροβάγχη
ܐܘܪܒܟܝܢ
noun
"broomrape"
ἄγνος
ܐܓܢܘܣ
noun
"agnus"
κέγχρος
ܩܢܟܢܘܢ
noun
"a gem"
ܦܪܦܝܪܝܛܝܣ
noun
"porphyrite"
ܣܪܕܘܢ
noun
"sard, a kind of stone"
γαλακτίτης
ܓܠܐܩܛܝܛܝܣ
noun
"a type of milky stone"
ἀπόφασις
ܐܦܘܦܣܝܣ
noun
"judgement"
συλλογισμός
ܣܘܠܘܓܣܡܐ
noun
"syllogism"
ܦܪܘܛܣܝܣ
noun
"premise, proposition, preposition"
ὕπατοι
ܐܘܦܛܝܢ
noun
"highest musical string"
κιθάρα
ܩܝܬܪܐ
noun
"harp, lute"
βάσις
ܒܣܣ
noun
"base, basis"
ܩܘܒܘܣ
noun
"cube'
ἀμμωνιακόν
ܐܡܘܢܝܩܘܢ
noun
"gum ammoniac"
ἀνδροδάμας
ܐܢܕܪܘܕܘܡܘܣ
noun
"arsenical pyrites"
ἄσβεστος
ܐܣܒܣܛܘܢ
noun
"asbestos"
ἀφρόνιτρον
ܐܦܘܢܝܛܪܘܢ
noun
"sodium carbonate"
ἀρσενικόν
ܐܪܣܘܢܝܩܘܢ
noun
"arsenic sulfide, yellow ointment"
ܡܓܢܝܣܝܐ
noun
"magnesium"
μολυβδήνη
mwlbdynˀ
noun
"galena"
μίσυ
mysw
noun
"shoemaker's vitriol"
νίτρων
nyṭrwn
noun
"nitre"
σηρικόν
sryqwn
noun
"red ink, red lead"
ψιμύθιον
psymtyn
noun
"white lead"
κιννάβαρις
ܩܝܢܒܪܝܣ
noun
"cinnabar"
ܩܠܡܝܐ
noun
"cadmia (ore of zinc)"
κρήτη
ܩܪܝܛ
noun
"chalk"
ῥητίνη
ܪܛܝܢܐ
noun
"resin"
όξεῖα
ܐܘܟܣܝܐ
noun
"sharp things (grammatical)"
σχῆμα
ܐܣܟܡܐ
noun
"character, shape, form"
ἄρθρον
ܐܪܬܪܘܢ
noun
"particle"
ζεῦγος
ܙܘܓܐ
noun
"pair, conjugation, name of an accent"
τάξις
ܛܟܣܐ
noun
"order, military company, apparatus"
ἄργολας
ܐܪܓܘܠܐ
noun
"a type of snake"
[ 2] [ 3]
Latin loans appear to have been largely transmitted to Syriac via Greek. This is evident based on the Syriac orthography which demonstrates it was borrowed from the Greek form.[ 2] [ 3]
Latin
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
arena
ܐܪܐܢܐ
noun
"arena"
comitatus
ܩܝܡܛܛܘܢ
noun
"retinue"
palatium
ܦܠܛܝܢ
noun
"palace"
curopalata
ܩܘܪܐܦܠܛܝܣ
noun
"prefect of the palace"
caldarium
ܩܪܕܠܐ
noun
"pot"
candela
ܩܢܕܝܠܐ
noun
"lamp, torch"
carrarius
ܩܪܪܐ
noun
"driver"
carruca
ܩܪܘܟܐ
noun
"chariot"
dinarius
ܕܝܢܪܐ
noun
"gold dinarius"
[ 2] [ 3]
Iranian
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
ܢܘܗܕܪܐ
noun
"commander"
ܓܙܐ
noun
"treasure"
ܐܗܡܪܐܓܪ
noun
"accountant"
daewa
ܕܝܘܐ
noun
"demon, devil"
ܐܣܦܝܕܟܐ
noun
"white lead"
būrak
ܒܘܪܟܐ
noun
"borax"
ܙܝܘܓ
noun
"mercury (element)"
ܙܪܢܝܟܐ
noun
"arsenic"
murtak
ܡܪܬܟܐ
noun
"dross of silver, litharge"
[ 3] [ 8]
Turkic
Syriac
Part of Speech
Meaning
Notes
yarliǵ
ܝܪܠܝܟ
noun
"decree, mandate, yarligh "
