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List of rhinolophids

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A photograph of a horseshoe bat hanging upside down from a rocky surface, with the photographer below the bat. It has shockingly bright orange fur, and dark gray wings, ears, and nose.
Rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxii)

Rhinolophidae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this family is called a rhinolophid or a horseshoe bat. They are named for the shape of their nose-leaf. They are found in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, primarily in forests, savannas, grasslands, and caves, though some species can also be found in deserts or wetlands. They range in size from the Thai horseshoe bat and little Nepalese horseshoe bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the Maclaud's horseshoe bat, at 10 cm (4 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, rhinolophids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from 3 cm (1 in) in the Formosan lesser horseshoe bat and little Nepalese horseshoe bat, to 8 cm (3 in) in the great woolly horseshoe bat. They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders.[1] Most rhinolophids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 900 adult individuals to 20,000. Twelve species—the Andaman horseshoe bat, Bornean woolly horseshoe bat, Guinean horseshoe bat, King horseshoe bat, Maclaud's horseshoe bat, Mount Mabu horseshoe bat, Poso horseshoe bat, Ruwenzori horseshoe bat, Timorese horseshoe bat, Willard's horseshoe bat, Yaeyama little horseshoe bat, and Ziama horseshoe bat—are categorized as endangered species, and Hill's horseshoe bat is categorized as critically endangered. These collectively make up almost fifteen percent of the species in the family.

The 92 extant species of Rhinolophidae are all included in a single genus, Rhinolophus. A few extinct prehistoric rhinolophid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (12 species)
 VU Vulnerable (5 species)
 NT Near threatened (9 species)
 LC Least concern (50 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (13 species)
 NE Not evaluated (2 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the rhinolophid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

[edit]

The family Rhinolophidae consists of a single genus, Rhinolophus, containing 92 species.

Rhinolophids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Genus Rhinolophus Lacépède, 1799 – 92 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Acuminate horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. acuminatus
Peters, 1871
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[5]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[5]

Adam's horseshoe bat


R. adami
Aellen & Brosset, 1968
Republic of the Congo
Map of range
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[7]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[7]

Andaman horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. cognatus
K. Andersen, 1906
Andaman Islands
Map of range
Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[8]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Arcuate horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. arcuatus
Peters, 1871

Two subspecies
  • R. a. arcuatus
  • R. a. exiguus
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[10]
 DD 


Unknown Population steady[10]

Beddome's horseshoe bat

Black bat

R. beddomei
K. Andersen, 1905
Southern India and Sri Lanka
Map of range
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[12]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[12]

Big-eared horseshoe bat


R. macrotis
Blyth, 1844

Five subspecies
  • R. m. caldwelli
  • R. m. episcopus
  • R. m. huananus
  • R. m. macrotis
  • R. m. topali
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[14]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[14]

Blasius's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. blasii
Peters, 1866
Scattered Africa, southern Europe, and western Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, caves, and desert[15]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Blyth's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. lepidus
Blyth, 1844

Two subspecies
  • R. l. lepidus
  • R. l. refulgens
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[16]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[16]

Bokhara horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. bocharicus
Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917
Central Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert[17]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[17]

Bornean horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. borneensis
Peters, 1861
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[18]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[18]

Bornean woolly horseshoe bat


R. proconsulis
Hill, 1959
Borneo Size: Unknown length
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[19]
 EN 


Unknown Unknown[19]

Bourret's horseshoe bat


R. paradoxolophus
Bourret, 1951
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[20]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[20]

Broad-eared horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. euryotis
Temminck, 1835
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves and forest[21]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[21]

Bushveld horseshoe bat


R. simulator
K. Andersen, 1904
Eastern and western Africa
Map of range
Size: 3–7 cm (1–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[22]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Canut's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. canuti
Thomas & Wroughton, 1909
Indonesia
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[23]
 VU 


7,500–10,000 Population declining[23]

Cape horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. capensis
Lichtenstein, 1823
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[24]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[24]

Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat


R. chiewkweeae
Yoshiyuki & Liat, 2005
Southeastern Asia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest[25]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[25]

Chinese rufous horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. sinicus
K. Andersen, 1905
Eastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[26]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[26]

Cohen's horseshoe bat


R. cohenae
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012
South Africa Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, rocky areas, and caves[27]
 VU 


900–1,000 Population declining[27]

Convex horseshoe bat


R. convexus
Csorba, 1997
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: Unknown length, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[28]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[28]

Creagh's horseshoe bat

Bat bones

R. creaghi
Thomas, 1896
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[29]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Croslet horseshoe bat


R. coelophyllus
Peters, 1867
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[30]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[30]

Damara horseshoe bat


R. damarensis
Roberts, 1946
Southern Africa Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert[31]
 LC 


20,000 Unknown[31]

Darling's horseshoe bat


R. darlingi
K. Andersen, 1905
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[32]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[32]

Decken's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. deckenii
Peters, 1867
Eastern Africa
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[33]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[33]

Dent's horseshoe bat


R. denti
Thomas, 1904
Southern and western Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[34]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Dobson's horseshoe bat


R. yunanensis
Dobson, 1872
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[35]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[35]

Eloquent horseshoe bat

Bat bones

R. eloquens
K. Andersen, 1905
Eastern Africa
Map of range
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[36]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

Forest horseshoe bat


R. silvestris
Aellen, 1959
West-central Africa
Map of range
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[37]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[37]

Formosan lesser horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. monoceros
Temminck, 1835
Japan and China Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unrecorded
 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Formosan woolly horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. formosae
Sanborn, 1939
Taiwan
Map of range
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[38]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[38]

Geoffroy's horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. clivosus
Cretzschmar, 1828

Two subspecies
  • R. c. brachygnathus
  • R. c. clivosus
Africa and Arabian peninsula
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, caves, and desert[39]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[39]

Great woolly horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. luctus
Temminck, 1834
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Caves, rocky areas, and forest[40]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[40]

Greater horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. ferrumequinum
(Schreber, 1774)

Seven subspecies
  • R. f. creticum
  • R. f. ferrumequinum
  • R. f. irani
  • R. f. korai
  • R. f. nippon
  • R. f. proximus
  • R. f. tragatus
Europe, Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[41]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Guinean horseshoe bat


R. guineensis
Eisentraut, 1960
Western Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, inland wetlands, and caves[42]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[42]

Halcyon horseshoe bat


R. alcyone
Temminck, 1852
Western and central Africa
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[43]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[43]

Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat


R. hildebrandtii
Peters, 1878
Eastern Africa
Map of range
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[44]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[44]

Hill's horseshoe bat


R. hilli
Aellen, 1973
Rwanda
Map of range
Size: About 6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[45]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[45]

Hills' horseshoe bat


R. hillorum
Koopman, 1989
Scattered Equatorial Africa
Map of range
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and caves[46]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Imaizumi's horseshoe bat


R. imaizumii
Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980
Japan Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unrecorded
 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Indo-Chinese lesser brown horseshoe bat


R. microglobosus
Csorba and Jenkins, 1998
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves and forest[47]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[47]

Insular horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. keyensis
Peters, 1871
Indonesia
Map of range
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[48]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[48]

Intermediate horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. affinis
Horsfield, 1823

Nine subspecies
  • R. a. affinis
  • R. a. andamanensis
  • R. a. hainanus
  • R. a. himalayanus
  • R. a. macrurus
  • R. a. nesites
  • R. a. princes
  • R. a. superans
  • R. a. tener
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[49]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[49]

King horseshoe bat


R. rex
Allen, 1923
Eastern China
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[50]
 EN 


1,500–2,000 Population declining[50]

Lander's horseshoe bat

Black and white picture of bat

R. landeri
Martin, 1837
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[51]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[51]

Large rufous horseshoe bat


R. rufus
Eydoux & Gervais, 1836
Philippines
Map of range
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[52]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[52]

Large-eared horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. philippinensis
Waterhouse, 1843
Southeastern Asia and northeastern Australia
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and forest[53]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[53]

Least horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. pusillus
Temminck, 1834
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[54]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[54]

Lesser brown horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. stheno
K. Andersen, 1905
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[55]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[55]

Lesser horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. hipposideros
(Bechstein, 1800)
Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[56]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Lesser woolly horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. sedulus
K. Andersen, 1905
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[57]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Little Japanese horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. cornutus
Temminck, 1834

Three subspecies
  • R. c. cornutus
  • R. c. orii
  • R. c. pumilus
Japan and China Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[58]
 NT 


Unknown Unknown[58]

Little Nepalese horseshoe bat


R. subbadius
Blyth, 1844
Eastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[59]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[59]

Maclaud's horseshoe bat


R. maclaudi
Pousargues, 1897
Western Africa
Map of range
Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[60]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[60]

Madura horseshoe bat


R. madurensis
K. Andersen, 1918
Indonesia
Map of range
Size: Unknown length
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[61]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Maendeleo horseshoe bat


R. maendeleo
Kock, Csorba, & Howell, 2000
Eastern Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[62]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[62]

Malayan horseshoe bat


R. malayanus
Bonhote, 1903
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[63]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[63]

Marshall's horseshoe bat


R. marshalli
Thonglongya, 1973
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[64]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[64]

McIntyre's horseshoe bat


R. mcintyrei
Hill & Schlitter, 1982
Papua New Guinea Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[65]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[65]

Mediterranean horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. euryale
Blasius, 1853
Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[66]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[66]

Mehely's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. mehelyi
Matschie, 1901
Southern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[67]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Mitred horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. mitratus
Blyth, 1844
Eastern India
Map of range
Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Unknown[68]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[68]

Mount Mabu horseshoe bat


R. mabuensis
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012
Mozambique Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Caves and forest[69]
 EN 


Unknown Unknown[69]

Mozambican horseshoe bat

Brown bat head

R. mossambicus
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012
Southeastern Africa Size: Unknown length
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[70]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[70]

Neriad horseshoe bat


R. nereis
K. Andersen, 1905
Siantan Island in Indonesia
Map of range
Size: Unknown length, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[71]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[71]

Osgood's horseshoe bat


R. osgoodi
Sanborn, 1939
Southern China
Map of range
Size: Unknown length, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves[72]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[72]

Pearson's horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. pearsonii
Horsfield, 1851
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[73]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[73]

Peninsular horseshoe bat


R. robinsoni
K. Andersen, 1918
Malaysia and Thailand
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Rocky areas and forest[74]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[74]

Philippine forest horseshoe bat


R. inops
K. Andersen, 1905
Philippines
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[75]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[75]

Poso horseshoe bat


R. belligerator
Patrick, McCulloch, & Ruedas, 2013
Sulawesi Island in Indonesia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Unknown[76]
 EN 


Unknown Unknown[76]

Rufous horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. rouxii
Temminck, 1835
Southern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[77]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[77]

Ruwenzori horseshoe bat


R. ruwenzorii
Hill, 1942
Central Africa
Map of range
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[78]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[78]

Rüppell's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. fumigatus
Rüppell, 1842
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[79]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[79]

Sakeji horseshoe bat


R. sakejiensis
Cotterill, 2002
Zambia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Savanna[80]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[80]

Shamel's horseshoe bat


R. shameli
Tate, 1943
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[81]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[81]

Shortridge's horseshoe bat


R. shortridgei
K. Andersen, 1918
Eastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[82]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[82]

Small rufous horseshoe bat


R. subrufus
K. Andersen, 1905
Philippines
Map of range
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[83]
 DD 


Unknown Unknown[83]

Smaller horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. megaphyllus
Gray, 1834
Eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[84]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[84]

Smithers's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. smithersi
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012
Southern Africa Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, inland wetlands, and caves[85]
 NT 


Unknown Population steady[85]

Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat


R. tatar
Bergmans & Rozendaal, 1982
Sulawesi Island in Indonesia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[86]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[86]

Sulawesi horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. celebensis
K. Andersen, 1905
Indonesia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[87]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[87]

Swinny's horseshoe bat


R. swinnyi
Gough, 1908
Southern Africa
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[88]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[88]

Thai horseshoe bat


R. siamensis
Gyldenstolpe, 1917
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[89]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[89]

Thailand horseshoe bat


R. thailandensis
Wu, Harada, & Motokawa, 2009
Northern Thailand
Map of range
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[90]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[90]

Thomas's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. thomasi
K. Andersen, 1905
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves[91]
 LC 


Unknown Unknown[91]

Timorese horseshoe bat


R. montanus
Goodwin, 1979
East Timor
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and unknown[92]
 EN 


Unknown Unknown[92]

Trefoil horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. trifoliatus
Temminck, 1834
Southeastern Asia
Map of range
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[93]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[93]

Wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat


R. xinanzhongguoensis
Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang, & Jiang, 2009
China Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest[94]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[94]

Willard's horseshoe bat


R. willardi
Peterhans & Fahr, 2013
Democratic Republic of the Congo Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[95]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[95]

Yaeyama little horseshoe bat


R. perditus
K. Andersen, 1918
Yaeyama Islands in Japan Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves, inland wetlands, and forest[96]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[96]

Yellow-faced horseshoe bat


R. virgo
K. Andersen, 1905
Philippines
Map of range
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[97]
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[97]

Ziama horseshoe bat


R. ziama
Fahr, Vierhaus, Hütterer, & Kock, 2002
Western Africa
Map of range
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
About 6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and forest[98]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[98]

References

[edit]
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  52. ^ a b Alviola, P. A.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Tanalgo, K.; Cielo, K. L. S.; Garcia, J. J. L.; Cacho, M. A.; Ong, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L. (2019). "Rhinolophus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19564A21995212. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19564A21995212.en.
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  54. ^ a b Fukui, D. (2019). "Rhinolophus pusillus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T85707059A21994916. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T85707059A21994916.en.
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