List of songs banned by the BBC
This article lists songs and whole discographies which have been banned by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) over the years. During its history, the corporation has banned songs from a number of high-profile artists, including Cliff Richard, Frank Sinatra, Noël Coward, the Beatles, Ken Dodd, Elvis Presley, Bing Crosby, the BBC Dance Orchestra, Tom Lehrer, Glenn Miller, and George Formby. Some songs were banned for only a limited period, and have since received BBC airplay, while others were banned many years after having been first aired, as was the case of the Cure's "Killing an Arab", ABBA's "Waterloo", Queen's "Killer Queen", the Boomtown Rats' "I Don't Like Mondays" and 67 other songs which were banned from BBC airplay as the first Gulf War began.[1] Judge Dread, known for frequent use of sexual innuendo and double entendres, had all of his 11 singles that entered the UK Singles Chart banned by the BBC, which is the most for any one artist.[2][3]
History
[edit]On occasion the BBC has seen fit to prevent certain pieces of music from being broadcast if it was felt that these recordings were unsuitable for the British public.[4] Files in the BBC's Written Archives Centre in Caversham, Berkshire that are now available for public inspection show that the Dance Music Policy Committee, set up in the 1930s, took its role as Britain's cultural guardian seriously: one 1942 directive read:
We have recently adopted a policy of excluding sickly sentimentality which, particularly when sung by certain vocalists, can become nauseating and not at all in keeping with what we feel to be the need of the public in this country in the fourth year of war.[4]
The BBC's director of music, Sir Arthur Bliss, wrote instructions during World War II advising the committee to ban songs "which are slushy in sentiment" or "pop" versions of classical pieces, such as "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" from the 1918 Broadway show Oh, Look!, which made use of Frédéric Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu. Other songs based on Classical music themes that were later banned by the committee due to "distortion of melody, harmony and rhythm" were the Cougars' 1963 single "Saturday Nite at the Duck-Pond", which used music from Swan Lake, and "Baubles, Bangles and Beads", from the 1953 musical Kismet, which was based on the second movement of Alexander Borodin's String Quartet in D.[5]
Other justifications for such bans have included the use of foul language in lyrics, explicit sexual content, alleged drug references, and controversial political subject matter.[5] Don Cornell's 1954 song "Hold My Hand" was banned from airplay due to religious references.[5] Bob Dylan's song "Baby, Let Me Follow You Down" was banned in 1962, as it included the phrase, "God-almighty world".[5] Satire was another possible reason for banning: in 1953, ten of the twelve tracks on humorist Tom Lehrer's album Songs by Tom Lehrer were banned.[5] In February 1956, the British music magazine NME reported that the theme for the film The Man with the Golden Arm, recorded by Eddie Calvert, was also banned.[6] Despite the song being an instrumental, a BBC spokesman reported: "The ban is due to its connection with a film about drugs." Billy May's version, retitled "Main Theme", was approved for transmission.[6]
In certain cases, appeals to the BBC in favour of banning a song have failed or have only been partial. In 1972, Christian morality campaigner Mary Whitehouse failed in her campaign to stop the BBC playing Chuck Berry's "My Ding-a-Ling",[7][8] and featuring Alice Cooper's "School's Out" on Top of the Pops.[9] In the case of Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark's 1980 anti-war song "Enola Gay", a ban was applied only to its airing on the BBC's children's programming, as some within the organisation perceived the word "gay" as a corrupting sexual influence.[10] Occasionally, a ban has first been imposed by an individual DJ refusing to play a particular song; in January 1984, Radio 1's Mike Read refused to play Frankie Goes to Hollywood's "Relax" on his mid-morning show, declaring it "overtly obscene",[11] a decision which the BBC then followed.[12]
In 1997, "Smack My Bitch Up" by the Prodigy was banned due to controversy regarding its lyrics, "change my pitch up, smack my bitch up", which prompted criticism from feminist groups.[13][14] At the time, the BBC was attempting to shed its old-fashioned image and embrace dance culture, but at the same time they were concerned about broadcasting a song that was believed by some to be about physically assaulting women.[14] In the end, the corporation decided to restrict the song's airplay to a minimum and generally used an instrumental remix version whenever they did play it.[14]
Since the early 2000s, the BBC has claimed that it no longer bans any records.[15] However, cases of direct or indirect censorship have occurred; according to a BBC spokesperson, no official ban was imposed in the case of Linda McCartney's posthumous "The Light Comes from Within", despite her widower Paul McCartney running advertisements in the national press criticising a supposed ban.[16] While the bans on some songs have been lifted, other songs have never been officially cleared for airing on BBC radio, and their status is uncertain – in some cases, records which had been banned have since been played on BBC radio without any official announcement that the ban has ended, such as the Beatles' "A Day in the Life".[17] BBC Radio 1 banned the full version of the Pogues' "Fairytale of New York" in 2007, replacing it with an edited version; however, the ban was quickly lifted due to public outcry.[18]
Censored versus banned
[edit]In some cases, it was considered sufficient to censor certain words, rather than banning a song outright. In the case of the Kinks' song "Lola", the BBC's strict ban on advertising led to singer and songwriter Ray Davies replacing the brand name "Coca-Cola" with "cherry cola" in the lyrics prior to the release of the record to avoid a possible ban.[19] In other cases, it was not necessary for the BBC to formally ban a particular song, since both parties were well aware of what would be acceptable or not, as was the case of George Formby's 1937 song "With My Little Stick of Blackpool Rock".[20]
In the case of songs that the BBC deemed politically controversial, many were not banned outright and were instead placed on a "restricted" list, in order that they not be used in "general entertainment programmes".[5] Some of Bob Dylan's early 1960s protest songs were put on this list and so too was Barry McGuire's 1965 hit, "Eve of Destruction".[5]
After the death of former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher on 8 April 2013, anti-Thatcher sentiment prompted campaigns on social media platforms which resulted in the song "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" reaching number 2 on the UK Singles Chart.[21] On 12 April, Radio 1 controller Ben Cooper said that the station's chart show would not play the song in the usual format, but that a short snippet would be aired as part of a news item.[22]
List of banned songs
[edit]The following is a list of songs which have been banned by the BBC over the years. Some were banned from particular shows (e.g. children's programming), while others were banned for a limited period, and have since received BBC airplay. In some cases, more information about the banned songs can be found in their respective articles.
As the first Gulf War began, the BBC deemed several songs inappropriate for airplay in light of the situation and subsequently banned them from their radio stations for the duration of the war. A list of 67 banned songs was published by New Statesman and Society in conjunction with British public-service television broadcaster Channel 4.[23][24] These songs have this icon against them.[23]
0–9
[edit]- "5th Anniversary EP" – Judge Dread (1977)[3][note 1]
A
- "Act of War" – Elton John and Millie Jackson (1985)[23]
- "A-huggin' and A-chalkin'" – Johnny Mercer (1946)[25]
- "All the Young Dudes" – Mott the Hoople (1972)[26]
- "Angels in the Sky" – The Crew-Cuts (1955)[27]
- "Answer Me" – Frankie Laine (1953)[4]
- "Armed and Extremely Dangerous" – First Choice (1973)[23]
- "Army Dreamers" – Kate Bush (1980)[23]
- "Atomic" – Blondie (1979)[23]
B
- "Baby, Let Me Follow You Down" – Bob Dylan (1962)[5]
- "Back in the U.S.S.R" – The Beatles (1968)[23]
- "Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)" – The Temptations (1970)[23]
- "Bang Bang" – BA Robertson (1979)[23]
- "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)" – Cher (1966)[23]
- "The Battle of New Orleans" – Johnny Horton (1959)[27]
- "Baubles, Bangles and Beads" – Kirby Stone Four (1958)[27]
- "Be Prepared" – Tom Lehrer (1953)[27]
- "Beep Beep" – The Playmates (1958)[27]
- "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered" – Ella Fitzgerald (1958)[25]
- "Big Eight" – Judge Dread (1973)[28][note 1]
- "Big Seven" – Judge Dread (1972)[28][note 1]
- "Big Six" – Judge Dread (1972)[28][note 1]
- "Big Ten" – Judge Dread (1975)[28][note 1]
- "Billy Don't Be a Hero" – Paper Lace (1974)[23]
- "The Blue Danube" – Spike Jones and His City Slickers (1945)[25]
- "Boom Bang-a-Bang" – Lulu (1969)[23]
- "Boris Johnson Is a Fucking Cunt" – The Kunts (2020)[29]
- "Boris Johnson Is Still a Fucking Cunt" – The Kunts (2021)[30]
- "Brothers in Arms" – Dire Straits (1985)[23]
- "Buffalo Soldier" – Bob Marley and the Wailers (1983)[23]
- "Burn My Candle" – Shirley Bassey (1956)[25]
- "Burning Bridges" – Status Quo (1988)[23]
C
- "(Celebrate) The Day After You" – The Blow Monkeys and Curtis Mayfield (1987)[31]
- "Celebrate the Bullet" – The Selecter (1981)[32]
- "Chaabian Boyz" – Frenzo Harami (2019)[33]
- "Charlie Brown" – The Coasters (1959)[34]
- "The Christening" – Arthur Askey (1943)[25]
- "Christmas in Dreadland" – Judge Dread (1975)[3][note 1]
- "Come Again" – Au Pairs (1981)[35]
- "Come Monday" – Jimmy Buffett (1974)[36]
- "Come Together" – The Beatles (1969)[37]
- "The Cover of Rolling Stone" – Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show (1973)[38]
- "Cradle Song (Brahms' Lullaby)" – Frank Sinatra (1944)[25]
- "Creep" – Radiohead (1992)[39]
- "Croce di Oro (Cross of Gold)" – Joan Regan (1955)[25]
- "Crying in the Chapel" – Lee Lawrence (1953)[25]
- "Cuddle Me" – Ted Heath featuring Dennis Lotis (1954)[25]
D
- "Danny Boy" – Conway Twitty (1959)[27]
- "A Day in the Life" – The Beatles (1967)[17]
- "The Deck of Cards" – T. Texas Tyler (1948)[25]
- "Deep in the Heart of Texas" – Bing Crosby and Woody Herman (1942)[25]
- "The Devil Is a Woman" – Herb Jeffries (1957)[25]
- "Diggin' My Potatoes" – Lonnie Donegan (1954)[15]
- "Dinner with Drac" – John Zacherle (1958)[27]
- "Don't Let's Be Beastly to the Germans" – Noël Coward (1943)[15]
- "Disarm" – The Smashing Pumpkins (1994)[40]
E
- "Ebeneezer Goode" – The Shamen (1992)[41]
- "Ebony Eyes" – The Everly Brothers (1961)[42]
- "The End of the World" – Skeeter Davis (1962)[23]
- "Enola Gay" – Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark[10]
- "Eve of Destruction" – Barry McGuire (1965)[5][note 2]
- "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" – Tears for Fears (1985)[23]
F
- "Fields of Fire" – Big Country (1982)[23]
- "Fire" – The Crazy World of Arthur Brown (1968)[23]
- "Flash" – Queen (1980)[23]
- "The Foggy, Foggy, Dew" – Peter Pears (1950)[25]
- "Fools Rush In" – Ricky Nelson (1963)[23]
- "Forget Me Not" – Martha and the Vandellas (1968)[23]
- "French Kiss" – Lil Louis (1989)[31]
- "Fucking in Heaven" – Fatboy Slim (1998)[1]
- "Fuck the Tories" – The Kunts[43]
G
- "The Garden of Eden" – Frankie Vaughan (1957)[25]
- "Ghost Town" – The Specials (1981)[23]
- "Gimme a Pigfoot (And a Bottle of Beer)" – Bessie Smith (1933)[27]
- "Gimme Hope Jo'anna" – Eddy Grant (1988)[23]
- "Give Ireland Back to the Irish" – Wings (1972)[44]
- "Give Peace a Chance" – Plastic Ono Band (1969)[23]
- "Glad to Be Gay" – Tom Robinson Band (1978)[45]
- "Gloomy Sunday" – Billie Holiday (1941)[4]
- "God Bless the Child" – Billie Holiday (1942)[25]
- "God Save the Queen" – Sex Pistols (1977)[11]
- "Green Jeans" – The Flee-Rekkers (1960)[5]
- "Granny Takes a Trip" – Purple Gang (1967)[46]
- "Greensleeves" – The Beverley Sisters (1956)[25]
- "Guess Things Happen That Way" – Johnny Cash (1958)[27]
H
- "Hank Janson Blues" – Anne Shelton (1953)[25]
- "Have a Whiff on Me" – Mungo Jerry (1971)[47]
- "Happiness Is a Warm Gun" – The Beatles (1968)[48]
- "Hard Headed Woman" – Elvis Presley (1958)[27]
- "He" – Al Hibbler (1955)[27]
- "Heaven and Hell" – The Easybeats (1967)[49]
- "Heaven Help Us All" – Stevie Wonder (1979)[23]
- "The Heel" – Eartha Kitt (1955)[25]
- "Hi, Hi, Hi" – Wings (1972)[44]
- "High Class Baby" – Cliff Richard and the Drifters (1958)[27]
- "Hold My Hand" – Don Cornell (1954)[50]
- "Honey Hush" – The Rock and Roll Trio (1956)[27]
- "Honey Love" – Dennis Lotis (1954)[25]
- "Honeycomb" – Jimmie Rodgers (1957)[25]
- "(How Little It Matters) How Little We Know" – Frank Sinatra (1956)[25]
- "The House of the Rising Sun" – Josh White (1950)[25]
- "Hunting High and Low" – A-ha (1985)[23]
- "Hype on the Mic" – Frenzo Harami (2019)[51]
I
- "I Am the Walrus" – The Beatles (1967)[1][note 3]
- "I Can't Control Myself" – The Troggs (1966)[53]
- "I Can't Make It" – Small Faces (1967)[54][55]
- "I Don't Like Mondays" – The Boomtown Rats (1979)[23]
- "I Don't Want to Be a Hero" – Johnny Hates Jazz (1987)[23]
- "I Hear the Angels Singing" – Frankie Laine (1954)[25]
- "(I Just) Died in Your Arms" – Cutting Crew (1986)[23]
- "I Leaned on a Man" – Connie Francis (1957)[27]
- "I Love a Man in Uniform" – Gang of Four (1982)[56]
- "I Want to Be Evil" – Eartha Kitt (1953)[27]
- "I Want You to Be My Baby" – Annie Ross (1956)[6]
- "I Want Your Sex" – George Michael (1987)[31]
- "I Went to Your Wedding" – Spike Jones and His City Slickers (1953)[25]
- "I'll Be Home for Christmas" – Bing Crosby (1943)[5]
- "I'll Fly for You" – Spandau Ballet (1984)[23]
- "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" – Ken Dodd (1963)[4]
- "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" – Perry Como (1949)[4]
- "I'm Gonna Get Me a Gun" – Cat Stevens (1967)[23]
- "I'm Nobody's Baby" – Frankie Howerd (1948)[25]
- "I'm on Fire" – Bruce Springsteen (1984)[23]
- "Imagine" – John Lennon (1971)[23]
- "I Shot the Sheriff" – Eric Clapton (1974)[23]
- "In the Air Tonight" – Phil Collins (1981)[23]
- "In the Army Now" – Status Quo (1986)[23]
- "In the Beginning" – Frankie Laine (1955)[27]
- "In the Hall of the Mountain King" – Nero and the Gladiators (1961)[57]
- "Invisible Sun" – The Police (1981)[58]
- "Israelites" – Desmond Dekker & the Aces (1968)[23]
- "It Is No Secret" – Jo Stafford (1954)[25]
- "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels" – Kitty Wells (1952)[25]
- "It Would Be So Nice" – Pink Floyd (1968)[59]
- "I've Come of Age" – Billy Storm (1959)[27]
- "I Will Survive" – Arrival (1980)[23]
J
- "Jack the Ripper" – Screaming Lord Sutch (1963)[56]
- "Jackie" – Scott Walker (1967)[60]
- "Jerusalem" - Emerson, Lake & Palmer (1973)[61][62]
- "Je t'aime... moi non plus" – Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg (1969)[39][63]
- "Je t'aime... moi non plus" – Judge Dread[3][note 1]
- "Jingle Bells/Hokey Cokey" – Judge Dread (1978)[3][note 1]
- "John and Marsha" – Stan Freberg (1950)[25]
- "Johnny Remember Me" – John Leyton (1961)[65]
- "Jungle Fever" – The Chakachas (1971)[66]
K
- "Keep Me in Mind" – Lita Roza and Al Timothy (1955)[25]
- "Killer Queen" – Queen (1974)[23]
- "Killing an Arab" – The Cure (1979)[1][23]
- "Killing Me Softly with His Song" – Roberta Flack (1973)[23]
- "Kodachrome" – Paul Simon (1973)[67]
L
- "Landing of the Daleks" – The Earthlings (1965)[68]
- "La Petite Tonkinoise" – Josephine Baker (1930)[25]
- "Lazy Mary" – Lou Monte (1958)[27]
- "Leader of the Pack" – The Shangri-Las (1964)[69]
- "Let the People Go" – McGuinness Flint (1972)[58]
- "Let's Spend the Night Together" – The Rolling Stones (1967)[1]
- "Light a Candle in the Chapel" – Frank Sinatra (1942)[25]
- "Light My Fire" – José Feliciano (1968)[23]
- "Lili Marleen" – Lale Andersen (1939)[27]
- "A Little Peace" – Nicole (1982)[23]
- "Little Star" – The Elegants (1958)[27]
- "Living on the Front Line" – Eddy Grant (1979)[23]
- "Lola" – The Kinks (1970)[1]
- "Love for Sale" – Cole Porter (1930)[50]
- "Love for Sale" – Ella Fitzgerald (1956)[25]
- "Love Is" – Alma Cogan (1958)[27]
- "Love Is a Battlefield" – Pat Benatar (1983)[23]
- "Love Is Strange" – Mickey & Sylvia (1956)[25]
- "Love to Love You Baby" – Donna Summer (1975)[20]
- "Lovin' Machine" – Wynonie Harris (1951)[27]
- "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" – The Beatles (1967)[15][note 3]
M
- "Mack the Knife" – Bobby Darin (1959)[70]
- "Made You" – Adam Faith (1960)[71]
- "Maggie May" – The Vipers Skiffle Group (1957)[25]
- "Magic Roundabout" - Jasper Carrott (1975)[72]
- "The Man with the Golden Arm" – Eddie Calvert (1956)[6]
- "Maybellene" – Chuck Berry (1955)[73]
- "Midnight at the Oasis" – Maria Muldaur (1974)[23]
- "Mighty Mighty Man" – Bobby Darin (1958)[27]
- "Minnie the Moocher" – Cab Calloway (1931)[25]
- "Miss You" – Bing Crosby (1942)[27]
- "Mix-A-Fix" – Haydock's Rockhouse (1967)[74]
- "The Mocking Bird" – The Four Lads (1958)[27]
- "Monster Mash" – Bobby "Boris" Pickett and the Crypt-Kickers (1962)[75]
- "Moonlight Love" – Perry Como (1956)[27]
- "My Christmas Prayer" – Billy Fury (1959)[4]
- "My Friend" – Eddie Fisher (1954)[25]
- "My Friend Jack" – The Smoke (1967)[4]
- "My Generation" – The Who (1965)[76]
- "My Little Ukulele" – Joe Brown and The Bruvvers (1963)[77]
N
- "Night of the Vampire" – The Moontrekkers (1961)[15]
- "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down" – Joan Baez (1971)[23]
- "Ninety-Nine Years (Dead or Alive)" – Guy Mitchell (1956)[27]
- "Nobody Loves Like an Irishman" – Lonnie Donegan (1958)[27]
O
- "Oh Bondage Up Yours!" – X-Ray Spex (1977)[78]
- "The Old Dope Peddler" – Tom Lehrer (1953)[25]
- "Old Man Atom" – The Sons of the Pioneers (1950)[27]
- "Oliver's Army" – Elvis Costello (1979)[23]
- "One Has My Name (The Other Has My Heart)" – Jimmy Wakely (1948)[27]
- "Open Your Box" – Yoko Ono and the Plastic Ono Band (1971)[79]
- "Over the Wall We Go" – Oscar (1967)[80]
P
- "Paper Doll" – The Mills Brothers (1943)[4]
- "Pass It Around" - Smokie (1975)[81]
- "Peaceful Street" – Ernest Butcher (1936)[27]
- "Peaches" – The Stranglers (1977)[82]
- "Please No Squeeza da Banana" – Louis Prima (1945)[27]
- "Prince Andrew Is a Sweaty Nonce" – The Kunts (2022)[83]
R
- "Radio Times" – BBC Dance Orchestra (1935)[25]
- "The Reefer Song (If You're a Viper)" – Fats Waller (1943)[27]
- "Relax" – Frankie Goes to Hollywood (1984)[11]
- "Relax" – Judge Dread (1984)[3][note 1]
- "Respectable Street" – XTC (1981)[84]
- "Rock You Sinners" – Art Baxter and His Rock 'n' Roll Sinners (1958)[25]
- "A Rose and a Baby Ruth" – George Hamilton IV (1956)[25]
- "Rubber Bullets" – 10cc (1973)[23]
- "Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town" – Kenny Rogers and The First Edition (1969)[23]
- "Rum and Coca-Cola" – The Andrews Sisters (1945)[25]
- "A Russian Love Song" – The Goons (1957)[27]
S
- "The Sabre Dance" – Woody Herman (1948)[25]
- "Sad Affair" – Marxman (1993)[58]
- "Sailing" – Rod Stewart (1972)[23]
- "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" – Elton John (1973)[23]
- "Saturday Nite at the Duckpond" – The Cougars (1963)[5]
- "Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There" – Deanna Durbin (1943)[25]
- "Send Me to the 'Lectric Chair" – George Melly (1953)[25]
- "Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll" – Ian Dury (1977)[85]
- "The Shag (Is Totally Cool)" – Billy Graves (1958)[27]
- "Shall We Take a Trip" – Northside (1990)[86]
- "She Had to Go and Lose It at the Astor" – Johnny Messner (1939)[25]
- "She Was Only a Postmaster's Daughter" – Durium Dance Band (1933)[27]
- "Silent Running (On Dangerous Ground)" – Mike and the Mechanics (1985)[23]
- "The Silver Madonna" – Kirk Stevens (1957)[25]
- "Sincerely" – Liberace (1955)[25]
- "Sink the Bismark – Johnny Horton (1960)[68]
- "Six Months in a Leaky Boat" – Split Enz (1982) (banned during the Falklands War)[87]
- "Sixty Eight Guns" – The Alarm (1983)[23]
- "Sixty Minute Man" – The Dominoes (1951)[25]
- "The Sky" – Petula Clark (1957)[25]
- "Smack My Bitch Up" – The Prodigy (1997)[13][14][note 4]
- "Song of India" – Tommy Dorsey (1938)[25]
- "So What?" – Anti-Nowhere League (1981)[15]
- "Soldier" – Harvey Andrews (1972)[59]
- "Soldier of Love" – Donny Osmond (1989)[23]
- "Somebody Up There Likes Me" – Perry Como (1956)[27]
- "A Souvenir of London" – Procol Harum (1973)[88]
- "Space Oddity" – David Bowie (1969)[68]
- "Spasticus Autisticus" – Ian Dury and the Blockheads (1981)[56]
- "State of Independence" – Donna Summer (1982)[23]
- "Statue of Liberty" – XTC (1978)[89]
- "St. Therese of the Roses" – Malcolm Vaughan (1956)[90]
- "Stop the Cavalry" – Jona Lewie (1980)[23]
- "The Story of a Starry Night" – Glenn Miller (1943)[25]
- "The Story of Three Loves" – Ray Martin (1954)[25]
- "Stranger in Paradise" – The Four Aces (1953)[4]
- "Such a Night" – Johnnie Ray (1954)[4]
- "Suicide Is Painless" – M*A*S*H (1970)[23]
- "Summer Smash" – Denim (1997)[4]
T
- "Take Off Your Clothes" – Peter Sarstedt (1969)[91]
- "Teen Angel" – Mark Dinning (1959)[69]
- "Teen Age Prayer" – Gale Storm (1955)[6]
- "Tell Laura I Love Her" – Ray Peterson (1960)[69]
- "Tell Laura I Love Her" – Ricky Valance (1960)[92]
- "Terry" – Twinkle (1964)[69]
- "The Test of Time" – Robert Earl (1959)[27]
- "A Theme from the Threepenny Orchestra (Mack the Knife)" – Louis Armstrong (1956)[25]
- "Three Stars" – Ruby Wright (1959)[27]
- "'Til the Following Night" – Screaming Lord Sutch (1961)[93]
- "Till the End of Time" – Perry Como (1945)[25]
- "Ting Tong Tang" – Ken Platt (1958)[27]
- "To Keep My Love Alive" – Ella Fitzgerald (1956)[27]
- "Toll the Bell Easy" – Les Hobeaux (1957)[25]
- "The Tommy Rot Story" – Morris & Mitch (1957)[27]
- "Too Drunk to Fuck" – Dead Kennedys (1981)[94]
- "Tribute to Buddy Holly" – Mike Berry and The Outlaws (1961)[95]
- "Two Tribes" – Frankie Goes to Hollywood (1984)[23]
U
- "The Unbeliever" – Guy Mitchell (1957)[25]
- "Under Attack" – ABBA (1982)[23]
- "Up With the Cock!/Big Punk" – Judge Dread (1978)[3][note 1]
- "Urban Guerrilla" – Hawkwind (1973)[96]
V
- "A View to a Kill" – Duran Duran (1985)[23]
- "The Voice in My Heart" – Eydie Gormé (1958)[27]
W
- "Walk Hand in Hand" – Tony Martin (1956)[25]
- "Walk Like an Egyptian" – The Bangles (1986)[23]
- "Walking on Water" – Eliza Doolittle (2013)[39]
- "War" – Edwin Starr (1970)[23]
- "War Baby" – Tom Robinson (1982)[23]
- "Warpaint" – The Brook Brothers (1961)[23]
- "Waterloo" – ABBA (1974)[23]
- "We Call It Acieed" – D-Mob (1988)[97]
- "We Can't Let You Broadcast That" – Norman Long (1932)[4]
- "(We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang" – Heaven 17 (1981)[52]
- "We Gotta Get Out of This Place" – The Animals (1965)[23]
- "We Have to Be So Careful" – The Beverley Sisters (1953)[25]
- "We Will All Go Together When We Go" – Tom Lehrer (1959)[27]
- "Wet Dream" – Max Romeo (1969)[98]
- "What God Wants, Part I" – Roger Waters (1992)[99]
- "When I'm Cleaning Windows" – George Formby (1936)[100]
- "When I'm Dead and Gone" – McGuinness Flint (1970)[23]
- "When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going" – Billy Ocean (1985)[23]
- "When Your Lights Turned On" - The Hollies (1967)[101]
- "Whoa Buck" – Lonnie Donegan (1959)[27]
- "The Winkle Man" – Judge Dread (1976)[3][note 1]
- "With My Little Stick of Blackpool Rock" – George Formby (1937)[25]
- "With My Little Ukulele in My Hand" – George Formby (1933)[25]
- "Woman Love" – Gene Vincent (1956)[25]
- "A Worried Man" – The Kingston Trio (1959)[27]
Y
- "Y Viva Suspenders" – Judge Dread (1976)[3][note 1]
- "You'll Get Yours" – Frank Sinatra (1956)[27]
List of banned discographies
[edit]- Lostprophets' discography (from 2014–onwards)[102]
- Alan Bush's discography (from March–June 1941)[103][104]
- Ewan MacColl's discography (during World War II)[105]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Judge Dread "made 11 records of innuendo set to reggae, all banned by the BBC, a record."[3] Judge Dread "holds the record for having the most songs banned by the BBC, 11 in all, which incidentally is precisely the number of singles he placed on the charts".[2] The 11 records that entered the UK Singles Chart were, "Big Six", "Big Seven", "Big Eight", "Je t'aime... moi non plus", "Big Ten", "Christmas in Dreadland", "The Winkle Man", "Y Viva Suspenders", "5th Anniversary EP", "Up With the Cock!/Big Punk", "Jingle Bells/Hokey Cokey" and "Relax".[64]
- ^ "Eve of Destruction" was not banned outright, but was placed on a "restricted" list which meant it was not used in "general entertainment programmes".
- ^ a b Contrary to a number of other sources, author Martin Cloonan has claimed that, in fact, only one Beatles song was ever banned by the BBC – "A Day in the Life" from the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.[52]
- ^ An instrumental remix of "Smack My Bitch Up" did receive limited airplay
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "Banning songs not a rare occurrence for the BBC". The New Zealand Herald. Auckland. 19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Judge Dread Biography by Jo-Ann Greene". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Simpson, Paul (2003). The Rough Guide to Cult Pop. Music rough guide. Rough Guides. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-84353-229-3. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Stanley, Bob (6 August 2008). "The music the BBC banned". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Unfit for Auntie's airwaves: The artists censored by the BBC". The Independent. London. 14 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2 April 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). Reed International Books Ltd. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-600-57602-0.
- ^ Jeffries, Stuart (26 October 2012). "Ban This Filth!: Letters from the Mary Whitehouse Archive by Ben Thompson – review". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Coleman, Sarah (February 2002). "Morals Campaigner Mary Whitehouse". World Press Review. New York. Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Fletcher, Marvin (10 November 2012). "Ban This Filth! Letters from the Mary Whitehouse Archive, Edited by Ben Thompson". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ a b Ryan, Gary (14 October 2019). "Does Rock 'N' Roll Kill Braincells?! – Andy McCluskey". NME. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
- ^ a b c "'Banned' Frankie tops chart". BBC News. 6 October 2000. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ Duffy, Jonathan (14 January 2004). "Banned on the run". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ a b "Prodigy song voted 'most controversial' track". BBC News. 24 November 2010. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d Bryant, Tom (27 November 2015). "NSFW: The Prodigy – Smack My Bitch Up". loudersound.com. Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Petridis, Alexis (12 April 2002). "Leaders of the banned". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "Linda's last song 'banned'". BBC News. 25 January 1999. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ a b "Sold on Song – Top 100 – 'A Day in the Life'". BBC Radio 2. Archived from the original on 22 December 2006. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
- ^ Irvine, Chris (9 December 2008). "Slade's festive hit banned from hotel". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ Hinman, Doug (2004). The Kinks: All Day and All of the Night. San Francisco: Backbeat Books. pp. 141–142. ISBN 0-87930-765-X.
- ^ a b Gammell, Caroline (17 December 2007). "George Formby lyrics censored by the BBC". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead chart listing". Official Charts. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ "R1 Chart show will not play full Margaret Thatcher song". BBC News. 12 April 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br Kirby, M. (2000). Sociology in Perspective. Aqa Edition. Pearson Education. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-435-33160-3. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "BBC Four – More Dangerous Songs: And the Banned Played On - 16 songs banned by the BBC". BBC. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Leigh, Spencer (2008). This Record Is Not to Be Broadcast: 75 Records Banned by the BBC 1931–1957 (liner notes). Acrobat Music Group. ACTRCD9015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Britain's Most Dangerous Songs: Listen to the Banned". BBC. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Leigh, Spencer (2010). This Record Is Not to Be Broadcast, Vol. 2: 50 More Records Banned by the BBC (liner notes). Fantastic Voyage. FVDD038. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b c d "Obituary: Judge Dread". The Independent. 16 March 1998. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
- ^ "Kunt's Boris song in Christmas chart race despite Radio 1 censorship". British Comedy Guide. 21 December 2020. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ Murray, Robin (20 December 2021). "The Kunts Smash Into Official Charts With Boris-Baiting Single". ClashMusic.com. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
- ^ a b c Horton, Matthew (15 April 2013). "Banned! 10 Songs The BBC Tried To Censor". NME. London. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Black, Pauline (5 July 2012). Black by Design: A 2-Tone Memoir. London: Serpent's Tail. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-84668-791-4. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
the selecter celebrate the bullet.
- ^ "BBC drops 'exploitative' rap song". BBC News. BBC. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "Unfit for Auntie's airwaves: The artists censored by the BBC". The Independent. 14 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ Taormino, Tristan; Green, Karen (1997). A Girl's Guide to Taking over the World: Writings from the Girl Zine Revolution. Macmillan Publishers. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-312-15535-3.
- ^ Simmons, Rick (5 October 2015). "10 Well-Known Songs Banned by the BBC (For Ridiculous Reasons), 1965–1977". Rebeatmag.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
- ^ "30 songs banned by the BBC". The Telegraph. 17 December 2015. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "Promo of Hook Disk". Billboard. New York. 24 March 1973. p. 57. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ a b c "Check Out The Songs Banned By The BBC For Being 'Dangerous'". Grazia. 12 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Diver, Mike. "Review of The Smashing Pumpkins – Siamese Dream". BBC Music. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
- ^ "Top 5 Drug Songs". Top of the Pops 2. BBC. Archived from the original on 5 August 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Hoggart, Simon (1 May 2012). "Old music: The Everly Brothers – Ebony Eyes". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ @kuntandthegang (24 December 2022). "For those of you asking, @BBC @BBCR1 contacted us through @officialcharts. They asked for a SFW radio mix of the song (see pic) then made an editorial decision not to play it" (Tweet) – via Twitter. [better source needed]
- ^ a b "The seven ages of Paul McCartney". BBC News. 17 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Goddard, Andrew (2006). A Pocket Guide to Ethical Issues. Lion Books. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-7459-5158-4.
- ^ Marsh, David (4 October 2011). "Old music: The Purple Gang – Granny Takes a Trip". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
- ^ Thompson, Dave. "Baby Jump: The Definitive Collection – Mungo Jerry". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ^ Snapes, Laura (14 February 2019). "The greatest banned songs of all time – ranked!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ "Easybeats Single" (PDF). Melody Maker. London. 15 July 1967. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ a b "The songs censored by the BBC". The Telegraph. London. 17 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "Frenzo Harami dropped from BBC Radio 1 due to prostitution ring lyrics". Metro. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ a b Cloonan, Martin (1996). Banned! Censorship of Popular Music in Britain: 1967–92. Suffolk, United Kingdom: Arena Books. pp. 117, 122. ISBN 978-1857422993.
In 1967, prior to the start of 1, the BBC banned a Beatles track for the only time. This was 'A Day in the Life', from Sergeant Pepper.
- ^ Snow, Mat (5 February 2013). "Reg Presley: 'I must learn to swear more' – a classic feature from the vaults". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Welch, Chris (29 April 1967). "The Many Faces of Steve Marriott" (PDF). Melody Maker. London. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Hewitt, Paulo; Hellier, John (2004). Steve Marriott: All Too Beautiful. Helter Skelter. p. 141. ISBN 1-900924-44-7.
- ^ a b c "More Dangerous Songs: And the Band Played On – 16 songs banned by the BBC". BBC. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ Bloom, Jerry (2008). Ritchie Blackmore: Black Knight. Omnibus Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-84609-757-7.
- ^ a b c Caldwell, Johnny (20 June 2008). "Troubles tunes which annoyed Auntie". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
- ^ a b Cole, Paul (5 February 2012). "Banned; Birmingham's 'Criminal' Records". Sunday Mercury. Birmingham. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Chapman, Robert (1992). Selling the Sixties: The Pirates and Pop Music Radio. Routledge. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-415-07970-9.
- ^ "Prog rock version of Jerusalem was banned by BBC". musictales.club. 2 July 2018.
- ^ "Jerusalem – how William Blake's poem became an anthem for all causes". 1 May 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Jane Birkin on making 'Je T'Aime...': 'It's about not believing in physical love. And Serge was right. Bardot left him, I left him'". The Independent. 3 May 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Judge Dread". UK Singles Chart. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ Leyton, John. "News item #08.062". JohnLeyton.net. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ O'Leary, Chris (2015). Rebel Rebel: All the Songs of David Bowie From '64 to '76. John Hunt Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-78099-713-1. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Thompson, Dave (2011). 1000 Songs That Rock Your World: From Rock Classics to One-Hit Wonders, the Music That Lights Your Fire. Krause Publications. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4402-1422-6.
- ^ a b c Allen, Jeremy (26 October 2017). "8 songs banned by the BBC for the strangest of reasons". BBC. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d Leigh, Spencer (28 January 2005). "Obituary: Ray Peterson; Singer of 'Tell Laura I Love Her'". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Sept 4: Radio Bans Bobby Darin, Stones Songs". Best Classic Bands. 2 August 2015. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ Leigh, Spencer (1 February 2011). "John Barry: Composer and songwriter who won five Oscars and scored 11 of the James Bond films". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Plaice, Andy (28 February 2013). "Jasper Carrott – In Conversation interview". British Comedy Guide. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ Gilroy, Paul (2010). Darker Than Blue: On the Moral Economies of Black Atlantic Culture. Harvard University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-674-03570-6. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Smith, Simon. "Haydock's Rockhouse Lovin' You/Mix-A-Fix £60.00". Record Collector. London. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "'Monster Mash' Song – A Halloween Classic". AOL. 29 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Turn That Down! 40 Banned and Censored Songs – 32. 'My Generation', The Who (October 29, 1965)". National Coalition Against Censorship. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original on 31 August 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ Nott, George (27 March 2013). "George Nott catches up with Joe Brown who will be playing the ukulele at the Alban Arena in St Albans to show what the little instrument can do". Watford Observer. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ O'Brien, Lucy (2002). She Bop 2: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul. Continuum Intl Pub Group. pp. 134-135. ISBN 978-0-82645-776-9.
- ^ "Open Your Box". Universal Music Group. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ Saner, Emine (19 June 2023). "'If you have dreams, follow them!' Paul Nicholas on Bowie, the Bee Gees, playing Jesus – and ruffling the king's hair". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ Hough, Andrew (4 January 2012). "British rock band Smokie play before Dmitry Medvedev at Moscow 'extravaganza'". The Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Bunbury, Stephanie (10 October 2004). "Still at full throttle". The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ^ @High_Command (3 June 2022). "Massively disappointed with @BBCR1 refusing to play @kuntandthegang's Prince Andrew is a Sweaty Nonce on the @officialcharts or even mention what the subject of the song was. It's almost like the BBC has a history with covering up peados" (Tweet) – via Twitter. [better source needed]
- ^ "Andy discusses 'Respectable Street'". Chalkhills.org. 26 February 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ^ "Ian Dury New Boots and Panties!! Review". BBC. 2012. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
- ^ Key, Iaian (June 2005). "Northside". LTM Recordings. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Dixon, Hayley (12 April 2013). "Play Margaret Thatcher death song, her supporters tell BBC". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Cantopher, Will (9 March 2010). "Songs in the key of London". BBC London. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- ^ Shteamer, Hank (7 March 2012). "'Statue of Liberty' by XTC". Time Out. New York. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Leigh, Spencer (25 February 2010). "Malcolm Vaughan: Singer who fell foul of the BBC but sold half a million records as a result". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ "BBC ban Sarstedt 'strip' song" (PDF). Melody Maker. London: Longacre Press. 26 July 1969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Laing, Dave (1 February 2005). "Ray Peterson". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ Buckley, Peter, ed. (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. p. 1753. ISBN 978-1-85828-457-6. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Hilliard, Robert L.; Keith, Michael C. (2006). Dirty Discourse: Sex and Indecency in Broadcasting. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-4051-5053-8.
- ^ Clayson, Alan (25 May 2000). "Geoff Goddard". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Abrahams, Ian (2004). Hawkwind: Sonic Assassins. SAF. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-946719-69-3. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Top of the Pops 2 – Top 5 Banned Songs". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Hebdige, Dick (1987). Cut 'n' Mix: Culture, Identity, and Caribbean Music. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-415-05875-9. Archived from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Amused to Death by Roger Waters". www.classicrockreview.com. 21 May 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ Walden, Brian (10 February 2006). "Free society still has limits". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Dawburn, Bob (14 January 1967). "Group image? You get buried under it" (PDF). Melody Maker. London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "BBC bans Lostprophets music". 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ^ Hughes, M.; Stradling, R.; Stradling, R.A.; Martin, P. (2001). English Musical Renaissance, 1840-1940. Music and Society (in French). Manchester University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-7190-5830-1. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ "Timeline of Alan Bush's Life". alanbushtrust.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ "BBC banned communists in purge". theguardian.com. 6 March 2006. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2024.