Northern Karelian dialect
Northern Karelian | |
---|---|
North Karelian White Sea Karelian Viena Karelian | |
Vienankarjala | |
Native to | Russia and Finland |
Region | White Sea Karelia |
Uralic
| |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | krl |
Glottolog | nort2673 |
Karelian Proper consists of 1a |
Northern Karelian (also called: White Sea Karelian, Viena Karelian and North Karelian) (North Karelian: Vienankarjala) is a dialect of Karelian Proper, which is itself a supradialect of the Karelian language.[3] Northern Karelian is mostly spoken in White Karelia in Russia, and is spoken in Hietajärvi , Kuivajärvi and Kuhmo in Finland.[4] Northern Karelian is the most mutually intelligible dialect to Finnish Language speakers.[5]
Location
[edit]Northern Karelian is spoken in the northernmost parts of the Republic of Karelia, which is called White Karelia and in Hietajärvi , Kuivajärvi and Kuhmo, Finland. Specifically it is spoken in the parishes of Jyskyjärvi , Kieretti , Kiestinki, Kontokki, Oulanka , Paanajärvi, Pistojärvi , Suomussalmi, Uhtua, Usmana , Vitsataipale and Vuokkiniemi.[6]
Example:[7]
North Karelian | Finnish | English |
---|---|---|
Ennein vanhah karjalaiset varattih riähkyä. | Ennen vanhaan karjalaiset varoivat tekemästä syntiä. | In the old days, Karelians were careful not to sin. |
Dialectal features
[edit]In Northern Karelian, the š [sh/see] letter is used more than in other Karelian dialects.
Alphabet
[edit]Northern Karelian uses the unified Karelian alphabet which was adopted in 2007 to replace the separate two alphabets of the Livvi-Karelian and Karelian Proper dialects.[8]
Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | B | C | Č | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | Š | Z | Ž | T | U | V | Y | Ä | Ö | ʼ |
Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | c | č | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | š | z | ž | t | u | v | y | ä | ö | ʼ |
Letter names and IPA
[edit]Letter | Letter name[9] | IPA |
---|---|---|
A | aa | /ɑ/ |
B | bee | /b/ |
C | cee | /ts/ |
Č | čee | /tʃ/ |
D | dee | /d/ |
E | ee | /e/ |
F | ef | /f/ |
G | gee | /ɡ/ |
H | hoo | /h/ |
I | ii | /i/ |
J | jii | /j/ |
K | koo | /k/ |
L | el | /l/ |
M | em | /m/ |
N | en | /n/ |
O | oo | /o/ |
P | pee | /p/ |
R | er | /r/ |
S | es | /s/ |
Š | šee | /ʃ/ |
Z | zee | /z/ |
Ž | žee | /ʒ/ |
T | tee | /t/ |
U | uu | /u/ |
V | vee | /v/ |
Y | yy | /y/ |
Ä | ää | /æ/ |
Ö | öö | /ø/ |
ʼ | pehmennyšmerkki | /ʲ/ |
References
[edit]- ^ Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
- ^ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "Glottolog 5.0 - Northern Karelian". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Karjala – kieli, murre ja paikka". Kotimaisten kielten keskus (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Vienankarjala | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Murteet | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Näyte vienankarjalasta | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Government of Karelia approved uniform Karelian language alphabet". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ "Kirjaimet". Karjalan kielioppi (in Livvi-Karelian). Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-06-14.