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October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel

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For the earlier attacks, see April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel.

Iranian strikes against Israel
Part of the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict and the spillover of the Israel–Hamas war
Missile interceptions in Lower Galilee, 19:41 IDT
TypeMissile strike
Locations
Weapons launched from Iran
Commanded byAli Khamenei[1]
TargetIsraeli military facilities[2]
Date1 October 2024
Executed by Iranian Revolutionary Guards[3]
Casualties1 Palestinian civilian killed (by intercepted rocket);[3] 2 Israeli civilians lightly injured,[4] 2 Jordanian civilians lightly injured (by shrapnel)[5]

On 1 October 2024, Iran launched 181[note 1] ballistic missiles into targets in Israel in at least two waves, the largest escalation during the ongoing Iran-Israel conflict.[6] The missile attack was codenamed by Iran as Operation True Promise 2 (Persian: عملیات وعده صادق ۲).[7]

The attack caused sirens to sound across the country and explosions to be reported overhead in multiple areas of the country, including Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.[8] Several direct impacts hit Israel's Nevatim Airbase in the Negev.[9] The missile attack damaged several location including a school in Gedera located next to an airbase[10] and a restaurant in Tel Aviv.[11] Two Israelis were lightly injured,[11][12] while one Palestinian man was killed by sharpnel in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.[3][12]

Iran said the attack was in "self-defense",[13][14] and cited Israel's assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh on Iranian soil, and its assassinations of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah and Iranian general Abbas Nilforoushan.[8] Earlier in the year in April, Israel attacked Iran's consulate in Damascus, followed by Iran attacking Israel, followed by Israel attacking Iran.[15]

Israel reported intercepting a "large number" of missiles and established censorship over the damage it suffered,[16] while the US Pentagon confirmed the US Navy fired around a dozen interceptors, assisted by unspecified partners.[17] Jordan also stated its air defenses intercepted a number missiles and drones over its airspace.[17] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Iran made a "big mistake" and vowed it "will pay" for it.[18] The US vowed "severe consequences" and committed to collaborating with Jerusalem to ensure Iran pays a price for its actions.[17] Iran has threatened to carry out "crushing attacks" if Israel responds.[19]

Background

See also: Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh and 2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike

On 31 July 2024, Ismail Haniyeh, the political leader of Hamas, was assassinated in the Iranian capital Tehran by an apparent Israeli attack.[20] Nasser Kanaani, the spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran, condemned this assassination and said that Haniyeh's "blood will never be wasted".[21] On 27 September 2024, Hassan Nasrallah, the secretary-general of Hezbollah, was assassinated in an Israeli airstrike in Beirut.[22] On 29 September, the New York Times reported that Iranian officials debated how to respond to Nasrallah's death.[23]

In the hours prior to the attacks, the United States warned about a possible Iranian attack.[24] A U.S. official told Reuters, "A direct military attack from Iran against Israel will carry severe consequences for Iran".[25] Anonymous Pentagon officials stated that the U.S. troops that were stationed in the Middle East weren't attacked during the event.[26]

Previous Iran–Israel strikes (April 2024)

Israeli strike on Iranian consulate

Main article: Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus

On April 1, Israel aircraft attacked the Iranian consulate in Damascus,[27] which killed two Iranian generals,[28] and a Syrian woman and her child.[29] The Israeli attack was condemned by many countries,[30][31][32] with many countries saying that an attack on a diplomatic mission is a violation of international law. [33]

Iranian strikes on Israel

Main article: April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel

Iran retaliated for on 13 April, by launching attacks against Israel with loitering munitions, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles. The attacks were launched by Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), in collaboration with several Iranian-backed Islamist militas.[34][original research] The strike sent around 170 drones, over 30 cruise missiles, and more than 120 ballistic missiles toward Israel and the Golan Heights.[note 2]

Israel said that the coalition whose defensive efforts were codenamed Iron Shield,[35] destroyed 99 percent of the incoming weapons,[36][37][38] most before they reached Israeli airspace.[39] American, British, French, and Jordanian air forces also shot some down.[40][41][42] The missiles caused minor damage to the Nevatim Airbase in southern Israel, which remained operational.[43][44][45] In Israel, a child was injured by part of a missile, and 31 other people either suffered minor injuries while rushing to shelters or were treated for anxiety.[43][44] The attack was the largest attempted drone strike in history,[46][47] Iran's attacks drew criticism from the United Nations, several world leaders, and political analysts, who warned that they risk escalating into a full-blown regional war.[48][49][50][51]

Israeli strikes on Iran

Main article: 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran

Israel retaliated by executing limited strikes on Iran on 18 April 2024.[52] The Israeli strike reportedly destroyed an air defense radar site guarding the Natanz nuclear facility, aiming to communicate Israel's capabilities to strike Iran without escalating tensions further.[53]

Prior escalation in the Middle East

In September 2024, a major escalation took place in the Hezbollah–Israel conflict that started after the Iranian-backed group initiated attacks against Israel on 8 October 2023, a day after Hamas's 7 October attack on Israel. During this month, Hezbollah suffered major setbacks that degraded its capabilities[54][55] and killed many of its leadership,[56][57] including the 17 and 18 September explosions of its handheld communication devices and the 20 September assassination of Ibrahim Aqil, commander of the elite Redwan Force.[58][59] Airstrikes by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) also targeted Hezbollah's military bases, command centers, airstrips, and weapons caches across southern Lebanon.[60] These setbacks culminated in the 27 September assassination of Hassan Nasrallah and other senior commanders, including Ali Karaki, commander of Hezbollah in south Lebanon, in an airstrike that destroyed their underground headquarters in Beirut's Dahieh suburbs.[61][62] Several days later, on 1 October 2024, Israel launched a ground operation into southern Lebanon, which, according to the IDF, aimed at dismantling Hezbollah's forces and infrastructure that posed a threat to civilian communities in northern Israel.[63][64][65] The killing of Nasrallah delivered a significant setback to the Iranian-led "Axis of Resistance", a network of proxy Islamist militias that Iran has long employed to target both Israel and Western interests in the Middle East.[54]

Strikes

TV alerts during the October 2024 Iranian attack

According to the IDF, around 200 missiles were fired by Iran in at least two waves,[8][6][66] using hypersonic missiles such as the Fattah weapons system.[67][68] Iranian launch sites included Tabriz, Kashan, and the outskirts of Tehran.[69] According to a senior Iranian official, the order to launch missiles at Israel came from the Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who stayed in a secure location.[70] Iran's claim of responsibility for the attack was broadcast on state television. Within the statement was a warning that it was only a "first wave", without further elaboration.[71]

Two Israeli civilians have been reportedly lightly injured by the strikes.[72] Several Palestinians in Jericho were injured by rocket fragments.[73][4] A 37-year-old[74] Palestinian man identified as Sameh al-Asali, a laborer originally from Gaza, was killed in Jericho by a falling missile fragment in an incident captured on CCTV.[75][76][77] The origin of the attack is unclear.[78]

Footage showed Israel's defense systems intercepting many missiles, including above the Temple Mount, and impacts were recorded in a few locations.[11] The IDF stated that the Israeli Air Force's operational capability remained intact during the attack, with its planes, air defenses, and air traffic control functioning normally,[12] and established censorship.[16] Missiles, or missile debris, were reported to have fallen in Tel Aviv, Dimona, Hora, Hod Hasharon, Beersheba, and Rishon Lezion.[79] Fragments were also found in the Palestinian village of Sanur, near Jenin.[11] A missile struck an open area in northern Tel Aviv, damaging a restaurant, while another caused significant destruction at the Chabad School in Gedera, leaving a large crater.[11] The school is located next to an airbase.[10]

Videos geolocated by CNN showed a significant number of Iranian rockets hitting the Nevatim Airbase.[80][81] It is unclear how much damage this attack caused; Iranian media reported that several of Israel's most advanced aircraft had been destroyed, but provided no evidence to support this assertion.[82] Tel Nof Airbase appeared to have been struck by several ballistic missiles, with at least one impact resulting in secondary explosions, most likely from stored munitions.[82] The headquarters of the Mossad near Tel Aviv were targeted but escaped damage, with the closest ballistic missile apparently having landed approximately 500 meters away and no other impacts reported.[82]

In Hod Hasharon more than one hundred houses were damaged by missile blasts and their shrapnel.[83]

The Israel Defense Forces reported intercepting "a large number" of missiles, while Pentagon spokesperson Patrick S. Ryder confirmed that US Navy destroyers launched about a dozen interceptors against Iranian missiles.[17] National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan mentioned that other US "partners" also helped thwart the attack but did not specify who they were. Jordan stated that its air defenses intercepted missiles and drones over Jordanian airspace during the incident.[17]

Reactions

In the immediate response to the attack, Israel, Iraq, and Jordan closed their airspaces. Israel also reported that its security cabinet was convening in a bunker in Jerusalem.[84][85][86]

Various airlines changed their flight routes as a result of airspace closures.[87] The President of Cyprus Nikos Christodoulides called for an extraordinary session of the National Security Council to discuss the ongoing developments and activated the "Estia" plan in order to get foreign nationals out of Lebanon and Israel upon request.[88][89]

Government officials

Iran

Iran's Vice President for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif contended that Iran had the right to self-defense against Israeli attacks on Iranian soil and criticized Western countries for aiding "the Israeli genocide in Gaza" and acquiesing "in Israeli aggressions against Iran, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen and other countries in the region”.[90] Iran's Foreign Minister further added the missile strikes targeted "solely military & security sites in charge of genocide".[91]

According to the IRGC, Iran has threatened to carry out "crushing attacks" if Israel responds.[19] Khamenei is reported to be staying in a secure location.[92] Iran said that 90% of its missiles had hit their targets, but the Israeli military disputed this claim, saying that "a large number" of missiles were intercepted.[76]

Iranian state propaganda alleged that up to 20 F-35 figher jets were destroyed in the strike and that the Nevatim Airbase was heavily damaged.[93][dubious – discuss]

Iran has suspended all flights at Tehran International Airport following the missile attacks.[94]

Iranian crowds celebrated the strikes in Tehran and other cities, waving the Hezbollah, Iranian, Palestinian and Lebanese flags while holding portraits of Hassan Nasrallah.[95]

Israel

Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich commented on the situation, stating, "Like Gaza, Hezbollah and the state of Lebanon, Iran will regret the moment."[96]

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Iran made a "big mistake" and that Israel will attack its enemies anywhere in the Middle East.[97][98] During the attacks, the Security Cabinet of Israel convened in a bunker in Jerusalem.[99]

IDF Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Herzi Halevi stated: "We will choose when to exact the price, and prove our precise and surprising attack capabilities, in accordance with the guidance of the political echelon."[97]

Former Israeli prime minister Naftali Bennett called for action against Iran's nuclear program.[100] An anonymous high-ranking Israeli security official has called for Israel to take strong measures against Iran's leadership.[101]

United States

During a press briefing, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan stated: "there will be severe consequences for this attack and we will work with Israel to make that the case."[17]

US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller called on "every nation in the world must join us in condemning" the attack. He added that "This event had nothing to do with Iran's sovereignty. It has to do with the fact that a number of the terrorist organizations that Iran has set up for years as a way to undermine and attack the State of Israel have been weakened first over the past few months and then most recently over the past few weeks, To the extent that any Iranian officials have been killed in the past few days in Lebanon or in Syria, it’s because they were meeting with terrorist leaders."[17]

US Vice President Kamala Harris criticized the Iranian missile strike as "reckless and brazen," asserting that it underscores Iran's role as a "destabilizing, dangerous force" in the Middle East. She stated that "Iran is not only a threat to Israel; it also poses risks to American personnel in the region, American interests, and innocent civilians who suffer from Iran-based and backed terrorist proxies." She concluded that the US "will never hesitate to take whatever action is necessary to defend US forces and interests against Iran and Iran-backed terrorists" and "will continue to work with our allies and partners to disrupt Iran's aggressive behavior and hold them accountable."[17]

U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham called for Iran's missile attack to be a "breaking point" and urged the Biden administration to coordinate "an overwhelming response" with Israel against Iran, saying that this was a moment of decision "for the free world regarding Iran". Senator Marco Rubio said that a large scale retaliation was "certain to follow".[102]

Palestine

Hamas congratulated the IRGC for the attacks "on large areas of our occupied territories", saying it was "in response to the occupation’s ongoing crimes against the peoples of the region, and in revenge for the blood of our nation's heroic martyrs; the martyr Mujahid Ismail Haniyeh, the martyr His Eminence Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, and the martyr Major General Abbas Nilforoushan."[103]

Others

  •  Argentina: The government condemned the "dangerous and unjustified" attack against Israel, and reaffirmed that Israel has a "right to legitimate defence."[104]
  •  Australia: Prime minister Anthony Albanese condemned the attack, calling it a "dangerous escalation".[105]
  •  European Union: Foreign policy chief Josep Borrell has condemned the attack and said that the EU is committed to protect Israeli security.[106]
  •  France: President Emmanuel Macron strongly condemned the attack, stating that the French Army is "committed to Israel’s security" and that military resources in the Middle East have been mobilized to counter the "Iranian threat".[107]
  •  Germany: Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock condemned the Iranian strikes in the 'strongest possible terms' and called for an immediate cessation of the attacks. She added that Iran "is driving the region further to the brink of the abyss."[74]
  •  Japan: Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba condemned the attack, calling it "unacceptable" and seeks de-escalation through other means.[108]
  •  United Nations: UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres issued a statement condemning the "broadening of the Middle East conflict", though he did not specifically mention Iran.[74] In response, Israel's Foreign Minister, Israel Katz, announced that Guterres would be barred from entering the country due to his failure to condemn the Iranian missile attack.[109]
  •  United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer condemned Iran's "aggression" against Israel and Iran's attempts "to harm innocent Israelis", saying the UK stands with Israel and recognizes its "right to self-defence".[110] Defence Secretary John Healey confirmed that the British Armed Forces "played their part" in defending Israel during the strikes.[111]

Media and advocacy groups

The American Israel Public Affairs Committee sent text messages to its supporters and told them to contact their representatives and demand support for Israel against Iran.[112]

Public demonstrations

Crowds celebrated the strikes in Jabalia and other parts of the Gaza Strip, while fireworks were set off in the West Bank in support of the strikes.[95] An 18-year-old Palestinian was reportedly killed by his own weapon during celebrations in the Tulkarm camp.[113]

Public celebrations over the strikes were also held in Beirut, Lebanon[95] Baghdad, Iraq,[114] and in Sanaa, Yemen.[95]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Number of missiles according to Israeli officials
  2. ^ Internationally recognized as Syrian territory, occupied and claimed by Israel, recognized as Israeli territory by the United States

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