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Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip

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Palestinian sports has deteriorated due to the ongoing Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. As of 26 July 2024, around 400 Palestinian sportspeople,[1] at least 245 of them footballers (69 children and 176 young men),[2][better source needed] were killed in Israeli attacks according to the Palestine Olympic Committee and the Palestinian Football Association. The Israeli invasions have also led to destruction of stadiums and closure of clubs.[3][4]

Background

The Arab Palestine Sports Federation was founded in 1931 and re-established in 1944. The federation had 55 affiliated sports clubs until the Nakba (the violent displacement and dispossession of Palestinians by Israel) stopped Palestinian national sports and drove most of the Palestinians to exile and refugee camps.[5] After the Oslo Accords in 1993, the Palestinian Football Association joined various international sports federations including FIFA. However, since then, the federation has faced constant challenges in building a sustainable national football infrastructure. This is mainly due to the persistent fragmentation of the Palestinian land and population.[5] However, the arena of sports has emerged as a powerful platform to express solidarity with political causes of Palestine. Arab players and fans—often use sporting events to raise the Palestinian flag.[5] Palestinian football survived the developments of the second intifada from 2000 to 2005, the deepening of the occupation and the five Israeli wars on Gaza, and the national team successfully qualified for three consecutive rounds of the Asian Nations Cup.[6] Palestine was on the verge of the 2026 men's World Cup qualifiers when the latest round of conflict between Hamas and Israel began, leaving the Palestinian National Football Stadium in the Israeli-occupied West Bank potentially unsafe for the tournament.[5] Meanwhile, Gaza's football players are exposed to the full wrath of Israel's war.[6] In recent decades there have been calls to ban Israel from international sporting events in response to the jailing and targeting Palestinian athletes, as well as preventing competitors from Gaza from leaving to join their West Bank teammates to play abroad.[7]

Killing of Palestinian athletes

By December 2023, at least 85 Palestinian athletes, 55 of them footballers, were killed in Israeli attacks, of whom 18 were children and 37 teenagers. In addition, the Palestinian Football Association counts at least 24 managers and technical staff who have been killed. Hani Al-Masry, a former footballer and CEO of the Palestinian National Olympic Team, was among the victims.[8] Israeli forces killed 23-year-old football player Ahmed Daraghmeh in the West Bank.[7][9] The Arabic football website Kooora introduced him as the best scorer of this team with 6 goals this season.[10] Israel also killed Hani al-Masdar, the coach of the Palestinian Olympic soccer team, who was known as "Abu Abad" in Palestine.[7]

A basketball player, Bassim al-Nabahin, 27, who played for the Al-Breij basketball team, and Football player Rashid Dabbour, 28, who played in Al-Ahli Beit Hanoon team, were also among the dead.[6] Also, two Palestinian volleyball players, Hassan Abu Zuaiter and Ibrahim Qusaya, who played for the national team and the Al-Sadaka Club, were killed in an Israeli attack that targeted the Jabalia camp in the Gaza Strip.[11] Jibril Rajoub, President of the Palestinian Football Federation, stated that the conflict in Gaza initiated by Israel has caused significant damage to the sports and youth movements. Rajoub reported that over 1,000 individuals involved in sports, youth, and scouting have lost their lives. He also alleged that Israeli forces have deliberately attacked Palestinian sports clubs, which he claimed is a clear violation of the Olympic Charter.[12]

Makram Daboub, the coach of the Palestine national football team, stated that some of the team's players had experienced significant personal loss, leading to a constant feeling of anxiety for their families.[12]

Other effects of the war

Starvation

Main article: Gaza Strip famine

Mohammed Hamada, a Palestinian weightlifter who had previously competed in weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics and won gold at the 2022 Junior World Weightlifting Championships, lost 35 lbs (15.8 kg) in a month due to starvation. Though he was able to leave Palestine and travel to Bahrain and later the Olympic qualifiers in Thailand, his lifting ability was seriously diminished, and he did not qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics.[13]

Closure of sports clubs

The Lajee Celtic football club, also informally referred to as Aida Celtic, has suspended all operations due to the escalating violence that has occurred throughout the occupied West Bank. Mohammad Azzeh, the director of the Lajee cultural centre, states that the taking the decision of halting the activities of Lajee Celtic and the academy was "hard but necessary" since felt obligated to safeguard the children and staff from imminent raids by Israeli soldiers on the Aida camp.[14] For Mohammad Azzeh the football team has a meaning beyond sports - it plays a role in the resistance to the Israeli occupation.[15]

Stadiums

In January 2024, video emerged of Israeli troops using Yarmouk Stadium as a temporary jail for Palestinian prisoners. A group of armed troops and tanks surrounded the field and people with eyes covered, some "stripped down to their underwear".[3] According to the non-profit Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, the Israeli army detained hundreds of Palestinians from the Sheikh Radwan neighborhood of Gaza City, including dozens of women who have been taken to Yarmouk Stadium. According to the human rights organization "Palestinian males, including children as young as 10 years old and elderly people over the age of 70, were forced to take off all of their clothes except their underwear and line up in a humiliating manner in front of the women detained in the same stadium".[16]

Many stadiums in Gaza were among the structures destroyed by Israeli air and artillery attacks, and some football fields have been repurposed as temporary burial sites for some of the deceased due to the overcrowding or inaccessibility of many cemeteries.[12]

Participation in international sporting events

See also: Palestine at the 2024 Summer Olympics

Palestine sent eight athletes to the 2024 Summer Olympics. One athlete, Omar Yaser Ismail, gained a spot in Taekwondo by winning an Olympic qualifier, while the other seven were given wild card spots.[13]

The Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel reported that, according to the Palestinian Football Association, 69 Palestinian athletes of Olympic sports were killed in Israeli attacks between October 2023 and July 2024,[17][18][19][20] including Nagham Abu Samra, a karateka who was expected to compete in the event,[21] as well as Majed Abu Maraheel, Palestine's first Olympic flagbearer,[17][22] and Hani Al-Masdar, coach of the Palestinian Olympic football team.[17][23]

Alaa Al-Dali, a para-cyclist from the Gaza Sunbirds, left Gaza in April 2024 in hopes of participating in the 2024 Summer Paralympics. Although he competed in several qualifying rounds, he ultimately did not qualify.[24][25][26]

Reactions

The Jordan Football Association called on the world sporting community "to take decisive action to stop the aggression against Palestinians in Gaza and the occupied territories" through a statement, so that it is isolated from international sports. The Palestinian Football Association also announced sending similar messages to FIFA and the International Olympic Committee, citing the "horrific images" at the time of Israel's attack on Yarmouk Stadium, Gaza Strip. Other movements, such as the Boycott Divestment Sanctions (BDS) movement, have long supported the expulsion or suspension of the Israel Football Association due to hosting FIFA-sanctioned matches in the West Bank Israeli settlements, a territory occupied by Israel since 1967.[3] The killing of Palestinian athletes also prompted athletes around the world to launch campaigns to support Israel's ban from the 2024 Summer Olympics. They were seeking a full investigation into possible violations of the Olympic Charter, which considers sport as a fundamental human right.[27]

Both FIFA and the International Olympic Committee have avoided a statement condemning the war between Israel and Gaza and the subsequent humanitarian crisis, unlike how they handled Russian invasion of Ukraine.[8] "FIFA has for years actively shielded Israel from accountability for its ongoing war crimes and violations of FIFA's own statutes through its inclusion of teams in illegal Israeli settlements on stolen Palestinian land. FIFA has gone so far as to sanction not the illegal settlement clubs but fan clubs expressing support for Palestinian human rights. This is how these hypocritical bodies express 'neutrality'", BDS announced.[8] Sports writer Dave Zirin pointed out the "apparente hypocrisy" in comparison to the suspension of the Russian Olympic Committee for violating the Olympic Charter after the invasion of Ukraine. Jules Boykoff, author of the book What Are the Olympics For writes: "The double standards are glaring. Why has the IOC been so conspicuously silent about Israel compared to Russia? If taking over sports facilities are a red line, why silence as Israel converts Gaza's historic Yarmouk football stadium into an internment camp? The inconsistencies are glaring, to say the least."[7]

References

  1. ^ Ames, Nick (July 27, 2024). "Palestine Olympic chief: no handshakes with Israelis unless they recognise state". The Guardian. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  2. ^ Ali, Rabia (July 26, 2024). "Gaza's athletes caught between Olympic dreams and Israeli bombs on cusp of Paris 2024". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Zidan, Karim (18 January 2024). "The case for sports sanctions against Israel". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Biden says he wants Israel to focus on 'how to save civilian lives' – as it happened". The Guardian. 15 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "Hamas-Israel conflict: Algeria offers to host Palestine's football matches – the bigger history". The Conversation. 19 October 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Mikdadi, Bassil (30 Oct 2023). "'Many players have died': Israel's war on Gaza hits Palestinian football". Al-Jazeera.
  7. ^ a b c d ZIRIN, DAVE (10 Jan 2024). "Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?". The Nation.
  8. ^ a b c Zidan, Karim (18 Jan 2024). "The case for sports sanctions against Israel". The Guardian.
  9. ^ Keddie, Patrick. "Sport weekly: Football speaks out on the Israel-Hamas war". Al-Jazeera.
  10. ^ "Palestinian footballer killed by Israel in West Bank: Medics". Al-Jazeera. 22 Dec 2022.
  11. ^ "Israeli airstrike in Gaza kills 2 volleyball players from Palestinian national team". Arab News.
  12. ^ a b c Ghanem, Noureldein. "Palestine players prepare for 2023 Asian Cup amid Israeli carnage in Gaza". Palestine players prepare for 2023 Asian Cup amid Israeli carnage in Gaza. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
  13. ^ a b Samaha, Albert (July 24, 2024). "He's 18, a taekwondo prodigy — and Palestine's best medal hope". Washington Post. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  14. ^ Morales, Mauricio. "Israeli violence forces a beloved Palestinian football team to stop playing". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  15. ^ Morales, Mauricio (11 Dec 2023). "Israel's war forces Palestinian football team Lajee Celtic to stop playing". Al-Jazeera.
  16. ^ "Video appears to show at least two children stripped and detained by IDF in Gaza stadium among Palestinian men". CNN.
  17. ^ a b c "Israel at the Olympics. The Genocide Games". Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions. July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  18. ^ Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel [@pacbi] (July 24, 2024). "Israel has killed 39k Palestinians in Gaza, including 69 Olympians, Palestine's first Olympian Majed Abu Maraheel & Olympic football coach Hani Al-Mossader" (Tweet). Retrieved July 28, 2024 – via Twitter.
  19. ^ Kent, David (August 3, 2024). "Palestine solidarity march in Cork sees 800 people remember Olympians that have been killed". Irish Examiner. Retrieved August 4, 2024.
  20. ^ Mohamed, Rachel (July 30, 2024). "Olympic Games 2024 Hosts Contentious Opening Ceremony". Voice of the Cape. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  21. ^ Abed, Abubaker (February 27, 2024). "Nagham Abu Samra: Palestine karate champion, victim of Israel's war on Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  22. ^ Abu Zaher, Khaled (12 June 2024). "استشهاد أول من رفع علم فلسطين في دورات الألعاب الأولمبية" [Martyrdom of the first person to raise the Palestinian flag in the Olympic Games]. Felesteen (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  23. ^ Whitehead, Jacob (January 14, 2024). "Hani Al-Masdar – The life and death of a football coach in Gaza". The New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  24. ^ Rashad, Jonathan (2024-09-24). "Meet the Para-Cyclists Riding for Gaza". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  25. ^ Cherry, Christopher; Doran, Temujin; Lamborn, Katie; Cappellini, Flavia; King, Alex; Burnell, Max (2024-08-28). "My Paralympic dream: the amputee from Gaza cycling for Palestine – video". The Guardian. AFP, Reuters. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  26. ^ Jenny, Kristin (2024-05-29). "Gaza adaptive athletes find hope on two wheels with Paris Paralympics on the horizon". cyclingweekly.com. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  27. ^ Hopper, Timothy (8 May 2024). "How Many More Palestinians Must Be Killed To Suspend Israel From Paris Olympic Games? – OpEd". Eurasia Review.
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