Quadrilateral group
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The Quadrilateral group or the Quad is an informal group which includes the trade spokespersons of Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States. It was first suggested at a private meeting during the 7th G7 summit in July 1981. Initially, a trilateral group was proposed (excluding Canada) because of the tensions between the two North American countries at that time but eventually, the Canadian Government successfully lobbied to be included.[1] The European Commission has avoided formalizing the group because of resistance from the European Union members, particularly France, who resent their lack of direct involvement.[1]
List of Quadrilateral meetings
[edit]Location | Date(s)[1] |
---|---|
Key Biscayne, Florida, United States | 15–16 January 1982 |
Chateau d'Esclimont, France | 12–13 May 1982 |
Tokyo, Japan | 11 February 1983 |
Brussels, Belgium | 29 April 1983 |
London, United Kingdom | 16–17 July 1983 |
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | 26–27 September 1983 |
Islamorada, Florida, United States | 2–4 February 1984 |
Erbach Im Reingau, Germany | 28–30 June 1984 |
Kyoto, Japan | 9–11 February 1985 |
Oba, Ontario, Canada | 11–14 July 1985 |
San Diego, California, United States | 16–19 January 1986 |
Sinta, Portugal | 4–7 September 1986 |
Kashikojima, Japan | 24–26 April 1987 |
Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada | 15–17 April 1988 |
Brainerd, Minnesota, United States | 22–24 June 1988 |
The Hague, Netherlands | 2–4 June 1989 |
Hakonemachi, Japan | 12–14 November 1989 |
Napa, California, United States | 2–4 May 1990 |
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada | 11–13 October 1990 |
Angers, France | 12–14 September 1991 |
Fukushima, Japan | 24–26 April 1992 |
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada | 16–18 October 1992 |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 12–14 May 1993 |
Tokyo, Japan | 23–24 June 1993 |
Los Angeles, California, United States | 9–11 September 1994 |
Whistler, British Columbia, Canada | 3–5 May 1995 |
Ripley Castle, Yorkshire, United Kingdom | 20–21 October 1995 |
Kobe, Japan | 19–21 April 1996 |
Seattle, Washington, United States | 26–28 September 1996 |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 30 April–2 May 1997 |
Versailles, France | 29–30 April 1998 |
Tokyo, Japan | 11–12 May 1999 |
See also
[edit]- European Commissioner for Trade
- Group of Seven
- Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)
- Minister of International Trade Diversification (Canada)
- Office of the United States Trade Representative
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Cohn, Theodore H. (2002). Governing Global Trade: International institutions in conflict and convergence. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7546-1593-6.