São Paulo Metropolitan Trains
São Paulo Metropolitan Train | |||
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Overview | |||
Native name | Trem Metropolitano de São Paulo | ||
Area served | Greater São Paulo, Brazil | ||
Transit type | Commuter rail | ||
Number of lines | 7 | ||
Line number | |||
Number of stations | 94 | ||
Annual ridership | 447.9 million (2021)[1] | ||
Website |
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Operation | |||
Began operation | 1934 | ||
Operator(s) | ![]() ![]() | ||
Headway | 4′ to 35′ | ||
Technical | |||
System length | 273 km (170 mi) | ||
Track gauge | 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) | ||
Electrification | 3,000 V DC catenary | ||
Average speed | 90 km/h (56 mph) | ||
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The São Paulo Metropolitan Train is a public transit rail system implanted in Greater São Paulo, serving 23 of its 39 municipalities. It has 273 km (170 mi) of length, 7 lines and 94 stations, transporting approximately 3 million passengers per day. Currently, it is operated by the state-owned company Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM), but two of the lines were auctioned to ViaMobilidade, which began operating their administrations in January 2022.
History
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TUE_GE-Pulmann-Sorocabana_%281950%29.jpg/220px-TUE_GE-Pulmann-Sorocabana_%281950%29.jpg)
The story of railways in the state of São Paulo begins in 1867 with the construction of the first link between the cities of Santos, São Paulo and Jundiaí by São Paulo Railway, opened on 16 February 1867, which crossed the state plateau and going down the Serra do Mar. In 1946, Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí, administered by the federal government, assumed the operation of the railway, which is the current lines 7-Ruby and 10-Turquoise.
In the 1870s, the Companhia São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro build the Estrada de Ferro do Norte, a railway that connected São Paulo to cities of the Paraíba Valley. In 1890, this railway was incorporated by Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (EFCB), connecting São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro. It is currently divided in lines 11-Coral and 12-Sapphire.
In 1926, EFCB built a variant to the main line call Variante de Poá, which is the current Line 12-Sapphire. On the other side, Estrada de Ferro Sorocaba built, in 1875, a link between the cities of São Paulo and Sorocaba, which is the current Line 8-Diamond. In mid-1937, Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana built a branch, connecting Mairinque to Santos, with the objective to take down the monopoly that São Paulo Railway had in the link between the plateau and the seaside. Later, with the objective to shorten the distance between the capital and Santos, the Jurubatuba branch was built in 1957, which started in Imperatriz Leopoldina station and headed towards Evangelista de Souza station of the Mairinque-Santos branch, forming today, in part, Line 9-Emerald.
In 1957, the federal railway are unified into one state-owned company, Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA), amongst them EFCB and Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí. The urban sections of RFFSA of all country created in the 1970s the Empresa Brasileira de Transporte Urbano (EBTU), being replaced in 1984 by Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos. In 1971, all of the railways controlled by the state government of São Paulo were unified to become Ferrovia Paulista S/A (FEPASA), amongst them the Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana. Then, FEPASA created FEPASA DRM, which was a child company that operated the commuter transport in the metropolitan regions of the state of São Paulo.
Commuter trains
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion with: History from the 1990s on. You can help by adding to it. (September 2023) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Osasco_%281975-1977%29.jpg/220px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Osasco_%281975-1977%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Engenheiro_Sebasti%C3%A3o_Gualberto_%281994%29.jpg/220px-Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Engenheiro_Sebasti%C3%A3o_Gualberto_%281994%29.jpg)
The first incursion of the state government in the administration of suburban transports occurred in 1934 with the creation of suburban trains by Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana, which invested in electrification and rigging in the suburbs São Paulo-Mairinque and São Paulo-Jurubatuba. After Sorocabana was incorporated by FEPASA in 1971, the Regional Unit of the Suburbs was created, later renamed to Metropolitan Regional Direction. Between 1975 and 1980. FEPASA/DRM developed a great plan of remodeling of the suburbs trains, transformed into metropolitan trains (West and South Lines). Yet, the economic crisis jeopardized the investments and delayed the projects implementations.[2][3]
At the same time, the suburban trains operated by RFFSA (Lines Santos-Jundiaí, Tronco Mogi and Variante Poá) received modest investments. With that, breakdowns and riots were common, with commuters promoting vandalism in stations, trains and other railway facilities. In 1972, during the discussion of the project of East-West Line, the Metro proposed the transfer of Tronco-Mogi Line and its conversion into a metropolitan train, proposed rejected by RFFSA.[4]
Even with the transfer of the suburban lines from RFFSA to the recently created CBTU, the precariousness of the urban trains administered by the federal government reached a peak in 1987 with the Itaquera rail crash. Caused by the lack of investments and maintenance failures, the accident caused the death of 51 passengers. On 30 April 1987, the state government and the Ministry of Transports signed an intention protocol for the transfer of CBTU East Line-Mogi to the Metro administration. The cost of the transfer and conversion of the line into metropolitan train was of US$ 350 million (almost Cz$ 9 billion) for the state.[5] During the year of 1987, the state government negotiated with the federal government. The lack of state funds and lack of interest of CBTU in the transfer (the company proposed to the state government a shared operation of the lines among CBTU, RFFSA and Metrô)[6] blocked the continuation of the project, besides it was the first step of the acquisition of the network by the state government years later.
System lines
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rede_CPTM.jpg/1001px-Rede_CPTM.jpg)
Line | Color | Termini | Opened | Length | Stations | Hours of Operation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line 7 | Ruby | Jundiaí ↔ Brás | 16 February 1867 | 62.7 km (39.0 mi) | 19 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
Line 8 | Diamond | Júlio Prestes ↔ Itapevi | 10 July 1875 | 35.3 km (21.9 mi) | 20 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
Line 9 | Emerald | Osasco ↔ Bruno Covas/Mendes-Vila Natal | 25 January 1957 | 35 km (22 mi) | 20 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
Line 10 | Turquoise | Brás ↔ Rio Grande da Serra | 16 February 1867 | 35 km (22 mi) | 13 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
Line 11 | Coral | Luz ↔ Estudantes | 1890 | 50.5 km (31.4 mi) | 16 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
Line 12 | Sapphire | Brás ↔ Calmon Viana | 1 April 1934 | 38.8 km (24.1 mi) | 13 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
Line 13 | Jade | Engenheiro Goulart ↔ Aeroporto-Guarulhos | 31 March 2018 | 12.2 km (7.6 mi) | 3 | Daily (4:00 AM–12:00 AM) |
- Operational extension
Line | Color | Termini | Length | Stations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Line 8 | Diamond | Itapevi ↔ Amador Bueno | 6.3 km (3.9 mi) | 3 |
- Express services
Line | Service | Termini | Length | Stations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Line 7 | Service 710 | Jundiaí ↔ Rio Grande da Serra | 101.7 km (63.2 mi) | 32 |
Line 10 | ||||
Line 10 Express/Line 10 Education Express | Tamanduateí ↔ Pref. Celso Daniel-Santo André | 9.3 km (5.8 mi) | 3 | |
Line 10+ Express | Luz ↔ Pref. Celso Daniel-Santo André | 17.7 km (11.0 mi) | 5 | |
Line 13 | Airport Express | Palmeiras-Barra Funda ↔ Aeroporto-Guarulhos | 31.1 km (19.3 mi) | 5 |
Future developments
[edit]Line | Color | Termini | Length | Stations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Line 8 | Diamond | Ambuitá | — | 1 |
Line 9 | Emerald | Bruno Covas/Mendes-Vila Natal ↔ Varginha | 2.3 km (1.4 mi) | 1 |
Line 11 | Coral | Luz ↔ Palmeiras-Barra Funda | 3.6 km (2.2 mi) | 1 |
Line 11 | Coral | Penha | — | 1 |
Line | Color | Termini | Length | Stations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Line 8 | Diamond | Água Branca | — | 1 |
Line 10 | Turquoise | Bom Retiro | — | 1 |
Line 10 | Turquoise | Cerealista | — | 1 |
Line 10 | Turquoise | Parque da Mooca | — | 1 |
Line 10 | Turquoise | ABC | — | 1 |
Line 11 | Coral (Expansion) | Estudantes ↔ César de Sousa | 4.3 km (2.7 mi) | 1 |
Line 11 | Coral | Bom Retiro | — | 1 |
Line 11 | Coral | Cerealista | — | 1 |
Line 11 | Coral | Lajeado | — | 1 |
Line 12 | Sapphire (Expansion) | Calmon Viana ↔ Suzano | 2.6 km (1.6 mi) | 1 |
Line 12 | Sapphire | Gabriela Mistral | — | 1 |
Line 12 | Sapphire | Cangaíba | — | 1 |
Line 12 | Sapphire | União de Vila Nova | — | 1 |
Line 13[7] | Jade (Expansion) | Aeroporto-Guarulhos ↔ Bonsucesso | 10.5 km (6.5 mi) | 4 |
Line 13[7] | Jade (Expansion) | Engenheiro Goulart ↔ Parque da Mooca | 13.5 km (8.4 mi) | 8 |
Line 14[7] | Onyx | Bonsucesso ↔ Jardim Irene | 39 km (24 mi) | 22 |
Line 24[7][8] | Quartz | Alphaville ↔ Campo Limpo | 24 km (15 mi) | 20 |
Line 25[9] | Topaz | Embu das Artes ↔ São Bernardo do Campo | 34 km (21 mi) | 21 |
Rolling stock
[edit]The metropolitan trains rolling stock has trains of 19 different series, some of them out of service for being older,[10][11] and some of them recently delivered.[12][13][14]
See also
[edit]- São Paulo Metro - São Paulo metro system
- List of suburban and commuter rail systems
References
[edit]- ^ Meier, Ricardo (19 January 2022). "Linhas da CPTM transportaram 8% mais passageiros em 2021". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ "Vinte anos sem renovações" (in Portuguese) (17924). São Paulo: Folha de S. Paulo. 30 April 1978. ISSN 1414-5723.
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(help) - ^ "Subúrbios: um metrô de 200 km para São Paulo" (in Portuguese) (17060). São Paulo: Folha de S. Paulo. 26 November 1975: 30. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
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(help) - ^ Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (1979). "Leste-Oeste: em busca de uma solução integrada" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo: 203.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Linha Leste deve custar Cz$ 9 bilhões" (in Portuguese) (21212). Folha de S. Paulo. 1 May 1987: 11. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Relatório Anual de 1987" (PDF). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos. 1988: C-18. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b c d Meier, Ricardo (3 December 2023). "Linha 24 da CPTM tem seu 'mineral' revelado, o quartzo". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ Lobo, Renato (30 November 2023). "Nova Linha 24 da CPTM ganha nomenclatura: Quartzo". Via Trólebus (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ Meier, Jean Carlos (12 August 2024). "Fim do mistério: Linha 25-Topázio é o nome oficial do ferrovia 'Arco Sul', de trens metropolitanos". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ "Trem mais antigo da CPTM fará sua despedida neste sábado, dia 26". Noticiando (in Portuguese). 25 May 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ Meier, Ricardo (5 June 2017). "Novo trem coreano da CPTM está prestes a estrear na Linha 7". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ Lobo, Renato (18 July 2018). "CPTM recebe novos trens e companhia realoca unidades entre linhas". Via Trólebus (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ "Entrega e Operação dos Trens" (PDF). Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ "Frota de Trens - CPTM". Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2022.