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Shin-Ru Shih

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Shin-Ru Shih
Alma materNational Taiwan University (BS)
National Taiwan University (MS)
Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey (PhD)
Scientific career
InstitutionsResearch Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University

Shin-Ru Shih (Chinese: 施信如) is the director of the Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections and holds a professorship in the Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science and Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences at Chang Gung University.[1][2] She is also the medical director of the Clinical Virology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.[3]

Education

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Shin-Ru Shih received her bachelor's degree in medical technology and master's degree in biochemistry from National Taiwan University and her Ph.D. in biochemistry and molecular biology from Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA.[1][2]

Research and career

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Shih established a Molecular Virology Laboratory at Chang Gung University in 1996 and was appointed Medical Director in Clinical Virology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in 1998. She also established the Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections at Chang Gung University in 2009, and took the lead as center director since then.[1][2]

Shih's group considers various aspects of emerging RNA viruses, including identification of viral pathogens during outbreaks, mechanistic studies of pathogenesis, and development of vaccines and antiviral agents.[2][4]

She identified several nuclear proteins that redistribute to cytoplasm and regulate viral translation. Since picornaviruses use their internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located in 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) to translate their proteins, Shih's group discovered a novel machinery regulating IRES-dependent translation by using IRES RNA to pull down host cell proteins and RNAs. Their findings include the discovery of a novel IRES trans-acting factor (ITAF), far upstream element binding protein 1 (FBP1), which positively regulate EV-A71 IRES activity.[5] Furthermore, Shih's team found that EV-A71 viral proteinase 2A is capable of cleaving FBP1. The cleavage occurs at the Gly-371 residue of FBP1 during the EV-A71 infection process, and this generates a functional cleavage product, FBP11-371, which acts to promote viral IRES activity. Moreover, FBP1 and FBP11-371 could act additively to promote IRES-mediated translation and virus yield.[6] They also identified another protein in the same family, far upstream element binding protein 2 (FBP2), to be a negative regulator for EV71 IRES.[7] However, upon virus infection, FBP2 was cleaved and the truncated FBP2 without C-terminal domain becomes a positive regulator.[8] They further proved that the ubiquitination of FBP2 in its C-terminal domain causes a negative regulation of IRES.[9]

Shih was awarded the National Medal for Outstanding Young Scientist from the Executive Yuan in 2004 and Outstanding Research Award from Ministry of Science and Technology in 2012 for her contribution to EV-A71 outbreak control and research in Taiwan.[3] More recently, she received a Research Grant Award from the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP, among 21 Program Grants awarded from a total of over 1000 applications in 2015).[10]

More recently, as the COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to global health, Shih's group also conducted research regarding SARS-CoV-2, identifying therapeutic targets and developing diagnostic tools.[11][12][13][14][15]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Dr. Shin-Ru Shih". rcevi.cgu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  2. ^ a b c d "Shin-Ru Shih". mip.cgu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  3. ^ a b "Shih, Shin-Ru, PhD". cgmh.org.tw. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  4. ^ "Eyes on the next generation, fighting global epidemics". springer nature. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  5. ^ Huang PN, Lin JY, Locker N, Kung YA, Hung CT, Lin JY, Huang HI, Li ML, Shih SR (2011). "Far upstream element binding protein 1 binds the internal ribosomal entry site of enterovirus 71 and enhances viral translation and viral growth". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (2): 9633–9648. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr682. PMC 3239202. PMID 21880596.
  6. ^ Hung CT, Kung YA, Lai ML, Brewer G, Liu ST, Shih SR (25 Oct 2016). "Additive promotion of viral internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation by far upstream element-binding protein 1 and an enterovirus 71-induced cleavage product". PLOS Pathogens. 12 (10): e1005959. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005959. PMC 5079569. PMID 27780225.
  7. ^ Lin JY, Li ML, Shih SR (2009). "Far upstream element binding protein 2 interacts with enterovirus 71 internal ribosomal entry site and negatively regulates viral protein synthesis". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (1): 47–59. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn901. PMC 2615614. PMID 19010963.
  8. ^ Chen LL, Kung YA, Weng KF, Lin JY, Horng JT, Shih SR (2013). "Enterovirus 71 infection cleaves negative regulator for viral internal ribosomal entry site-driven translation". Journal of Virology. 87 (7): 3828–3838. doi:10.1128/JVI.02278-12. PMC 3624201. PMID 23345520.
  9. ^ Kung YA, Hung CT, Chien KY, Shih SR (2017). "Control of the downregulating IRES trans-acting factor KSRP by ubiquitination". Nucleic Acids Research. 45 (1): 271–287. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1042. PMC 5224474. PMID 27899653.
  10. ^ "Dr. Shin-Ru Shih won RESEARCH GRANTS HFSP AWARDS 2015". RCEVI, CGU. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  11. ^ "EditCell Virology Platform, broad spectrum antivirals, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19". ntnu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  12. ^ "International team-based efforts on stopping new coronavirus". RCEVI, CGU. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  13. ^ "Taiwan and Australia Cooperate Together on Scientific Research to Fight Against Pandemics, and Jointly Develop New Anti-novel Coronavirus Drugs". RCEVI, CGU. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  14. ^ "Neutralizing antibodies detection kit developed by Dr. Shih's team". I.B.M.I. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  15. ^ "Exclusive interview–Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University(CGU) Establishing the most complete database for COVID-19". gase.most.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
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