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Squamanita

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Squamanita
Squamanita umbonata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Squamanitaceae
Genus: Squamanita
Imbach (1946)[1]
Type species
Squamanita schreieri
Imbach (1946)
Species
Synonyms
  • Squamamanita Imbach (1942) nom. invalid.

Squamanita is a genus of parasitic fungi in the family Squamanitaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) superficially resemble normal agarics (gilled mushrooms) but emerge from parasitized fruit bodies of deformed host agarics.

Taxonomy

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The genus was created in 1946 by Swiss mycologist Emil Imbach to accommodate an unusual agaric species, Squamanita schreieri, which L. Schreier had earlier described and illustrated as "Tricholoma X".[1][2] In 1965 Dutch mycologist Cornelis Bas expanded the genus to five species, all of which were characterized by arising from "sclerotial bodies".[3] The possibility that Squamanita might be parasitic on other agarics (the remains of which formed the "sclerotial bodies") was noted by British mycologist Derek Reid in 1983.[4] The discovery of a host fruit body that formed its own pileus together with three Squamanita pilei confirmed the parasitic nature of the genus,[5] a discovery subsequently featured in Nature under the title 'Mycological mystery tour'.[6]

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed the parasitism of Squamanita, but has also shown that species belong to two genera: Squamanita sensu stricto and Dissoderma. A number of species previously referred to Squamanita have accordingly been transferred to Dissoderma.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Imbach EJ (1946). "Pilzflora des Kantons Luzern und der angrenzen Innerschweiz". Mitteilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft Luzern (in German). 15: 5–85 (see p. 81).
  2. ^ Henrici A (2013). "Squamanita in Britain and Europe". Field Mycology. 14 (2): 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2013.03.008.
  3. ^ Bas C. (1965). "The genus Squamanita". Persoonia. 3: 331–359.
  4. ^ Reid DA (1983). "A second British collection of Squamanita paradoxa". Bull. Br. Mycol. Soc. 17 (2): 111–113. doi:10.1016/S0007-1528(83)80038-8.
  5. ^ Redhead SA, Ammirati JF, Walker GR, Norvell LL, Puccio MB (1994). "Squamanita contortipes, the Rosetta Stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus". Canadian Journal of Botany. 72 (12): 1812–1824. doi:10.1139/b94-223.
  6. ^ Gee H. (1995). "Mycological mystery tour". Nature. 375 (6529): 276. Bibcode:1995Natur.375..276G. doi:10.1038/375276a0. S2CID 32174575.
  7. ^ Saar I, Thorn RG, Nagasawa E, Henkel TW, Cooper JA (2022). "A phylogenetic overview of Squamanita, with descriptions of nine new species and four new combinations". Mycologia. 114 (4): 769–797. doi:10.1080/00275514.2022.2059639. PMID 35695889. S2CID 249623155.
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