Jump to content

Talk:President of Tunisia

Page contents not supported in other languages.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Untitled

[edit]

Should be redirected again with the infobox moved there too.

Election (translation draft --I'll translate it (talk) 11:19, 13 May 2011 (UTC))

[edit]

Latest election

[edit]
Summary of the 25 October 2009 Tunisian presidential election results
Candidates Parties Votes %
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Constitutional Democratic Rally 4,238,711 89.62
Mohamed Bouchiha Popular Unity Party 236,955 5.01
Ahmed Inoubli Unionist Democratic Union 179,726 3.80
Ahmed Brahim Ettajdid Movement 74,257 1.57
Valid votes 4,729,649 99.84
Blank or invalid votes 7,718 0.16
Total 4,737,367 100.00
Voter turnout 89.45
Electorate 5,296,008
Source: POGAR, (in French) Business News

Electoral history

[edit]
Presidents of the Republic of Tunisia
# Name Image Born-Died Term start Term end Political Party
1 Habib Bourguiba 1903-2000 25 July 1957 7 November 1987 Neo Destour Party (1957-1964)
Socialist Destourian Party (1964-1987)
2 Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 1936- 7 November 1987 14 January 2011 Socialist Destourian Party (1987-1988)
Constitutional Democratic Rally (1988-2011)
Mohamed Ghannouchi (acting) 1941- 14 January 2011 15 January 2011 Constitutional Democratic Rally
Fouad Mebazaa (acting) 1933- 15 January 2011 Incumbent Constitutional Democratic Rally (2011)
Independent (2011-)

The first presidential and legislative elections were held on November 8, 1959.[1]. Since then the two polls have always been held on the same day, always a Sunday[1].

The candidacy of Bourguiba, who benefited from his image as an independence fighter, was uncontested in the first poll. It remained that way through to the election of 1974, his share of the vote increasing each year, from 91% in 1959 to 99.85% in 1974[1]. It was not until September 10, 1974 that a candidate other than the incumbent president would apply to contest an election. Chedly Zouiten, president of the Tunisian Junior Economic Chamber, announced his run for president, however his own organisation condemned his decision[2] and his candidature was rejected by an ad hoc electoral commission[2]. The 1974 election would be the last poll for 20 years, as Bourguiba was proclaimed "president for life" in 1975.

Outgoing Tunisian Human Rights League president Moncef Marzouki applied to run against Ben Ali, in 1994, however he failed to gather enough signatures to be eligible. He was later imprisoned[3] and had his passport cancelled[4]. It was only after the passing of constitutional amendments and the relaxing of Article 40 of the constitution that non-incumbent candidates were able to contest elections in 1999, 2004 and 2009.

General election results since 1959
Election Candidate Result Political party
8 November 1959[1] Habib Bourguiba 91 % Neo Destour
8 November 1964[5] Habib Bourguiba 96 % Socialist Destourian Party (PSD)
2 November 1969[6] Habib Bourguiba 99.76 % PSD
3 November 1974[1][7] Habib Bourguiba 99.85 % PSD
2 April 1989[1] Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali 99.27 % Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD)
20 March 1994[3] Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali 99.91 %[8] RCD
24 October 1999[1][9] Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali 99.45 %[10] RCD
Mohamed Belhaj Amor 0.31 % Party of People's Unity (PUP)
Abderrahmane Tlili 0.23 % Unionist Democratic Union (UDU)
24 October 2004[11] Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali 94.49 % RCD
Mohamed Bouchiha 3.78 % PUP
Mohamed Ali Halouani 0.95 % Movement Ettajdid
Mounir Béji 0.79 % Social Liberal Party (PSL)
25 October 2009[12] Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali 89.62 % RCD
Mohamed Bouchiha 5.01 % PUP
Ahmed Inoubli 3.80 % UDU
Ahmed Brahim 1.57 % Movement Ettajdid

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g (in French) Samir Gharbi, « Radiographie d’une élection », Jeune Afrique, 2 novembre 1999
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference realites1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Michel Camau et Vincent Geisser, Habib Bourguiba. La trace et l’héritage, éd. Karthala, Paris, 2004, p. 241 ISBN 2845865066
  4. ^ (in French) Dominique Lagarde, « Pluralisme à la tunisienne », L’Express, 21 octobre 1999
  5. ^ (in French) Habib Bourguiba sur Le Grand Larousse Encyclopédique
  6. ^ Centre d’études nord africaines, Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, éd. Université du Michigan/Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1969, vol. 8, p. 389
  7. ^ Proclamé président à vie par la Chambre des députés le 18 mars 1975, cette mesure est annulée le 25 juillet 1988 (après son éviction).
  8. ^ (in French) Encarta avance le chiffre de 99,80 %.
  9. ^ (in English) Anthony H. Cordesman, A Tragedy of Arms. Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb, éd. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p. 250 ISBN 0275969363
  10. ^ (in French) Encarta avance le chiffre de 99,44 % et Le Canard enchaîné n°4581 (« Carthage de ses artères », 13 août 2008, p. 8) celui de 99,40 %.
  11. ^ (in French) Résultats de l’élection présidentielle de 2004 (Présidence de la République tunisienne)
  12. ^ (in French) Le président Ben Ali remporte l’élection présidentielle 2009 avec 89,62 % (Élections 2009)

Term in office (translation draft --I'll translate it (talk) 01:09, 14 May 2011 (UTC))

[edit]

Oath

[edit]

The president-elect takes the following oath of office before a joint sitting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Councillors:



Term limit

[edit]

The president is elected by universal suffrage for a term of five years in a free, direct and secret ballot, requiring an absolute majority of votes to win[1]. There is no limit to the number of terms he or she can serve[1]. In the past, however, the president was limited to four consecutive terms by the 1959 constitution.

Hédi Nouira

In 1974, after having served four terms, Habib Bourguiba declared that he wanted to become president for life. His wish approved by the Ninth Congress of the Socialist Destourian Party, held in September 1974, the parliament voted on March 18, 1975 to adopt constitutional amendment n°75-13 which modified paragraph 2 of Article 40 of the constitution. The parliament stated that the amendment was adopted:



Article 51 (currently Article 57) was also amended to state that the powers of the president were to be assumed by the prime minister in the case that the office was vacant[3]. In 1976, Prime Minister Hédi Nouira changed paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the constitution — which was not repealed by the 1975 vote, only suspended — to state that the president's term was unlimited.

When Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali became president, he promised to restore power to the country's institutions, in line with "the republican ideal"[4]. Articles 40 and 57 of the constitution were amended on July 25, 1988, limiting the number of terms of any given president to three. However, like Bourguiba, when Ben Ali was no longer eligible to hold office the constitution was changed. Under the May 26, 2002 amendment, a president was allowed unlimited terms and the maximum allowed age for a candidate was extended from 70 to 75 years[5]. A president's term was now limited only by his or her life expectancy[6]. The country's opposition criticized the move, likening it to a "burial for the republic"[7]. Activist Sadri Khiari called it a "putsch in disguise"[8].

References

  1. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference art 38 à 57 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ (in French) Rafâa Ben Achour, « La succession de Bourguiba », Les figures du politique en Afrique. Des pouvoirs hérités aux pouvoirs élus, éd. Codesria/Karthala, Paris, 2000, p. 230
  3. ^ (in French) Élections présidentielles en Tunisie (Présidence de la République tunisienne)
  4. ^ (in French) Déclaration du 7 novembre 1987 (Tunisie Info)
  5. ^ Jean-Pierre Tuquoi, « En Tunisie, un référendum constitutionnel ouvre la voie à la réélection de M. Ben Ali », Le Monde, 16 mai 2002
  6. ^ (in French) Hamadi Redissi, « Qu’est-ce qu’une tyrannie élective ? », Jura Gentium, 2002
  7. ^ Sabine Lavorel, Les constitutions arabes et l’islam, éd. Presses de l’Université du Québec, Sainte-Foy, 2004 ISBN 2760513335
  8. ^ Florence Beaugé, « L’opposant Sadri Khiari qualifie de « putsch masqué » la réforme constitutionnelle en cours en Tunisie », Le Monde, 23 mai 2002
[edit]

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on President of Tunisia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 5 June 2024).

  • If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
  • If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.

Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 01:03, 12 December 2017 (UTC)[reply]