Umabai Kundapur
 | This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. (March 2024) |
Umabai Kundanpur | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Head of the women's wing of the Seva Dal | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 25 March 1892 Hubballi, Karnataka |
| Died | 1992 |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
Umabai Kundapur (1891–1992) was an Indian freedom fighter from Karnataka. She founded Bhagini Mandal, a group of freedom fighters.
She was the head of the women's wing of the Hindustani Seva Dal founded by N. S. Hardikar.[1][2]
Birth and education
[edit]Umabai was born on 25 March 1892, into a Brahmin family in Kundapur, as Bhavani Golikeri. Her father was Golikeri Krishna Rao and her mother was Tungabai. In 1898, Umabai and her brothers moved to the city of Mumbai.[3]
Personal life
[edit]At the age of 13, she married Sanjeeva Rao Kundapur in 1905. She had five brothers.[4][5]
Life
[edit]Umabai was inspired to join the independence movement of India by the procession of Bal Gangadhar Tilak's funeral on 1 August 1920. After witnessing the service of the Congress during those times, she made the decision to join the freedom struggle.[6][7]
When Mahatma Gandhi announced the Non-Cooperation Movement on 4 September 1920.
Umabai, along with her brother Raghurama Rao and husband Sanjeeva Rao,[8] took part in the movement. She promoted the use of Khadi, going from house to house to encourage women to participate in the fight for freedom. Additionally, she wrote and performed numerous plays that revolved around the movement with the aim of inspiring others to join the cause.[9]
After the death of her husband Sanjeeva Rao Kundapur due to tuberculosis on 28 March 1923, Umabai, who was 31 years old at the time, decided to return to Hubli with her father-in-law. It was during this period that Ananda Rao established the Karnataka Press in Hubballi. Following her return, Umabai became involved in the Hindustani Seva Dal (HSD) founded by Narayan Subbarao Hardikar in 1923, with the aim of motivating Indian youth to participate in the independence movement. She was later elected as leader of the women's wing. Additionally, Umabai took on the responsibility of overseeing the Tilak Kanya School, which was originally established by Hardikar.[10]
Umabai, an active participant in the independence movement, was arrested by the British government in 1932 and imprisoned in Yerawada jail for a period of 4 months. While in jail, Umabai received the news of her father-in-law Ananda Rao's death. The loss of Ananda Rao, who had been a strong supporter, deeply affected Umabai. Sarojini Naidu, also imprisoned at the time, provided encouragement to Umabai and advised that all activities related to her political movement should be conducted covertly. Upon Umabai's release, she found that the British government had seized the Karnataka Press, established by Ananda Rao, and the Tilak Kanya School had been shut down. Additionally, Bhagini Mandal, an NGO founded by Ananda Rao, was deemed illegal. Despite these setbacks, Umabai continued to provide refuge to freedom fighters in her modest home.
During the Quit India Movement in 1942, the independence movement intensified. Many underground fighters sought shelter at Umabai's residence, where she provided them with food and accommodation while evading the British authorities.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ Hegde, Shakila; K, Nagappa Gowda (9 November 2021). Women Empowerment. Prowess Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5457-5447-4.
- ^ Mahotsav, Amrit. "Umabai Kundapur". Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ The Great Indians. One India One People Foundation in collaboration with Authorspress. 2006. ISBN 978-81-7273-318-6.
- ^ Slate, Nico (27 February 2024). Indian Lives Series Book 3 - Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay: The Art of Freedom. Fourth Estate India. ISBN 978-93-5489-960-7.
- ^ Karelia, Gopi (23 January 2022). "Umabai: When a Defiant Widow Led 150 Women to Fight for India's Freedom". The Better India. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Jha (2012). Political Science: University of Delhi. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-93-325-1007-4.
- ^ S.H, Patil. The Constitution, Government and Politics in India. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-93-259-9411-9.
- ^ Kumar, Anu (25 July 2022). Her Name Was Freedom: 35 Fearless Women Who Fought for India's Independence. Hachette India. ISBN 978-93-93701-12-1.
- ^ Rao, V. S. Narayana (29 August 2017). Dr. N.S. Hardiker. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2541-4.
- ^ Basu, Aparna. Women in Satyagraha. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-3068-5.
Bibliography
[edit]- Shintri, Sarojini (1983). Women Freedom Fighters in Karnataka (1st ed.). Karnataka: Prasaranga, Karnatak University. pp. 3 Sep 2008. ISBN 978-0836414851.