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The Third Crusade
Part of the Crusades

Siege of Acre
Date11 May 1189 – 2 September 1192
Location
Mostly Levant and Anatolia
Result

Treaty of Jaffa

  • Crusader military victory, resulting in a three-year truce.
  • Recognition of the territorial status quo at the end of active campaigning, including continued Muslim control of Jerusalem and the restoration of the Levantine Crusader States.
  • The safety of both Christian and Muslim unarmed pilgrims guaranteed throughout the Levant.
Territorial
changes
  • The Crusade captures Cyprus and the Kingdom of Cyprus is established.
  • The Levantine coast from Tyre to Jaffa returned to Crusader control.
  • The Crusaders recapture Tiberias and some inland territories from the Muslims.
  • Belligerents

    Crusade:

    Kingdom of Hungary

    Levantine Crusader states:
    Kingdom of Jerusalem

    Principality of Antioch

    Eastern Christian allies:

    Sunni Muslim states:

    Sultanate of Rûm

    Nizari Ismaili Muslims:
    Assassins of Syria


    Eastern Christian opponents:

    Commanders and leaders

    Crusaders:

    Levantine Crusader states:

    Military orders:

    Eastern Christian allies:

    Sunni Muslim forces:

    Nizari Ismailis:

    Eastern Christian opponents:

    Strength

    36,000–74,000 troops in total (estimate):

    • 8,000–9,000 Angevin (English, Normans, Aquitanians, Welsh, etc) troops with Richard I,[1] up to 17,000 or 50000 according to some sources including non-combatants and sailors[2]
    • 7,000+ French with Phillip II (inc. 650 knights and 1,300 squires)[1]
    • 12,000–15,000 Germans with Frederick I (inc. 3–4,000 knights)[3]
    • 2,000 Hungarians with Géza[4]

    Two additional contingents also joined Frederick's army while travelling through byzantine empire. Numbered about 1000 men.

    • From 7,000[5] to 40,000[6] from the rest of Europe and Outremer
    Ayyubids:
    40,000 (Saladin's field army, 1189 – estimate)[7]
    5,000–20,000 (Acre's garrison, 1189)[8][9]
    Seljuks:
    22,000+ (Qutb al-Din's field army only, 1190)[10][11]



    Viking raids

    [edit]
    Viking raids and conquest

    Viking drakkar on the Bayeux Tapestry
    Date8th11th century
    Location
    Result foundation of independent settlements,
    first European overseas discoveries
    Belligerents

    norse vikings

    danish vikings

    swedish vikings (Varangians)

    Jomsvikings


    11th century
    North Sea Empire

    western front


    eastern front


    voyages across the Atlantic Ocean
    Commanders and leaders

    Olaf II of Norway
    Harald III of Norway
    Rollo
    Rurik
    Erik the Red
    Leif Eriksson
    Halfdan Ragnarsson
    Rorik of Dorestad

    Canute the Great

    Ælla
    Osberht
    Burgred
    Ceolwulf II
    Ealhmund
    Egbert
    Æthelwulf
    Æthelberht
    Alfred the Great
    Charles the Bald
    Louis the Stammerer
    Louis III
    Carloman II
    Charles the Fat

    Charles the Simple
    1. ^ a b Frank McLynn. "Richard and John: Kings at War." Page 219.
    2. ^ Tyerman, p. 436
    3. ^ Loud 2010, p. 19.
    4. ^ Hunyadi, Zsolt (2011), A keresztes háborúk világa, p. 41.
    5. ^ McLynn, p. 219: breakdown includes 2,000 Outremer levies, 1,000 Templars and Hospitallers, 2,000 Genoese and Pisans, and 2,000 Danes, Norwegians, and Turcopoles.
    6. ^ Hosler 2018, pp. 72–73.
    7. ^ Hosler 2018, p. 54.
    8. ^ Hosler 2018, p. 34.
    9. ^ Pryor, John H. (2015). "A Medieval Siege of Troy: The Fight to the Death at Acre, 1189–1191 or The Tears of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn". In Halfond, Gregory I. (ed.). The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach. Farnham: Ashgate. Page 108.
    10. ^ Tyerman p. 422: "After desperate fighting involving the Emperor himself, the Turks outside the city were defeated [by the Imperial and Hungarian army], apparently against numerical odds."
    11. ^ Loud 2010, p. 104: the Seljuks lost 5,000+ men per their own bodycount estimates on May 7, 1190, soon before the Battle of Iconium.