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The Hotel Tattler, a broadsheet, and its successor, the Inter-State Tattler, a tabloid, were American weeklies published in Harlem – the former having run from 1922 through early 1924 and the latter having run from 1925 through most of 1932.

History

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Hotel Tattler

[edit]

The Hotel Tattler, self-described as a "snappy, society journal," was well-known for its gossip, but balanced with news and editorials covering sports, theater, literature, society, commerce, civics, public service, politics, civil rights, and human rights.

According to scholar Daniel Anderson, the black press, such as the New York Age and the Amsterdam News, took sides and found connections to sports in the Washington-Du Bois debate, the agreed on one point: their distaste for for Marcus Garvey and his theory of black separatism. The Interstate Tattler, by contrast, openly declared itself sympathetic to the separatist cause. Historian Ted Vincent cited the Tattler as one of the few Renaissance-era newspapers (along with the Boston Guardian, the Black Dispatch (Oklahoma City), and the California Eagle (Los Angeles), that consistently supported such radical causes, suggests that this position cost it popularity among intellectuals and, eventually, the public.[1]


On the serious side, the Hotel Tattler ran an open letter to the U.S. Congress endorsing the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, a bill introduced in 1918 that passed in the House, but failed in the Senate, and after 200 attempts, passed again in the House in February 26, 2020, as the Emmett Till Antilynching Act.

was a weekly American society tabloid founded in Miami as the Palm Beach Tattler, by Floyd Grant Snelson, Jr.,[2][3] who, in 1922, brought it to New York and first issued it April 16, 1922 (Vol. 1, No. 1),[Note 1] under the auspices of the
  • The Hotel Tattler Publishing Co. (1922–1924)
459 Lenox Avenue, New York
201 West 138th Street (1925)[4]
Pursuant to article by the Hotel Tattler, March 29, 1924, New York County Judge Isidor Wasservogel (1875–1962) rendered a judgement June 8, 1936, in favor of the plaintiff, Ransom S. Morgan, a real estate broker, against the Tattler, for $1,000. Because Morgan's lawsuit petition had asked for $10,000, the Hotel Tattler, prior to the judgement, had undergone a complete reorganization and changed its name to the Inter-State Tattler.[5]

Inter-State Tattler

[edit]

Inter-State Tattler – society, theatricals, sports
Separately, The Inter-State Tattler (later without the hyphen), was an American tabloid based in Harlem first issued February 27, 1925 (Vol. 1, No. 1), by Bennie Butler and Jack Trotter under the auspices of the

  • Inter-State Tattler Publishing Company, owned by The Hotel Tattler Publishing Co. (1926–1932)
In the middle of the night, February 1932, Interstate Tattler moved to the 200 block of West 135th Street
  • Inter-State Tattler
  • Palm Beach Tattler

The Interstate Tattler ran until 1932. Journalists and academicians have credited both Tattlers as having been the forerunner to

Brief suspension in 1926

[edit]

Due to a disagreement among the partners on December 21, 1925, Alan Lowery Dingle (1896–1981), attorney for one of the publishing partners, Bennie Butler, filed a petition in the New York Supreme Court seeking an injunction to briefly suspend production in order to protect Butler's interest. The other two publishing partners were Andrew A. Jackson, Jr., and Cyril Reid.[6]

History

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In 1929, the Interstate Tattler Publishing Company, Inc., acquired the New York News.[7]

New York Tattler[8]
January 7, 1927, Vol. 1, No. 1
Andrew A. Jackson, Jr.
Wilfred R. Bain

"Tattler," in journalism, generically, means "gossip."

Competition in 1932

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newspaper row

In 1932, African American owned newspapers in New York City included:

  1. The Amsterdam News (founded 1909)
  2. The New York Age (founded 1897)
  3. New York News and Harlem Home Journal (founded 1914)
  4. Hotel Tattler (founded 1922)
  5. Interstate Tattler (founded 1925)
  6. Negro World (founded 1917)
  7. Negro Nation
  8. National News, (founded 1932), George S. Schuyler, editor; OCLC 70737978
  9. The Daily Star (founded 1921), edited by Arthur V. Craig
  10. The Crisis (founded 1910)
  11. Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life (founded 1923)

The Great Depression

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The Great Depression almost annihilated the once famous "newspaper row" north of 125th Street in Harlem. In 1932:

  • The Interstate Tattler, final issue, August 25, 1932.
  • Negro World, founded in 1917 as the official organ of the U.N.I.A. (the New York organization), split from Marcus Garvey and the U.N.I.A. in July 1932. Hucheshwar Mudgal, editor, 355 Lenox Avenue (in 1932), published under the auspices of the Negro World Publishing Co. Negro World was last published July 23, 1932. The publication briefly resumed from April 15, 1933, to October 17, 1933, published by M.L.T. Mena.[9]
  • The National News, George S. Schuyler, editor, 2370 Seventh Avenue (in 1932), having been published for 17 weeks, first issue February 18, 1932 (Vol. 1, No. 1), final issue June 9, 1932 (Vol. 1, No. 17). It failed for a lack of support from its founding publisher, Lonnie Hicks (1882–1953), dba Hicks House of Service, Inc.[10] The stride pianist Lucky Roberts credited Hicks, also a pianist, for influencing him to start a career in music. Hicks was also owner and manager of the Hoofers Club.[11] Hicks went on to become a songwriter and arranger for Nat King Cole. The National News was a small newspaper for the United Colored Democracy, a Harlem based Democratic Party club, even though Schuyler for much of his life voted Republican.

The three suspended publications within 2 months and 14 days of one another.[12]

Selected personnel

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Owners

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Hotel Tattler

Address of the Inter-State Tattler
The Gothic-inspired building on the southwest corner of 135th and Adam Clayton Powell Boulevard was home Smalls Paradise and, fromk 1925 to 1932, home to the Inter-State Tattler. The building currently houses the Thurgood Marshall Academy, a middle and high school.

"D-FOB-Freehland 36 Inter-State Tattler – The Gothic-Inspired Building on the Southwest Corner . . . ," November 11, 2014, generated by Strausmedia on New York Press

Inter-State Tattler

  • Bennie Butler, co-owner with Jack Trotter of the Inter-State Tattler from 1928 to 1932. Benny was the father of Teddy Butler (pseudonym of Theodore B. Jones), of the Smalls Paradise clan. He started as a sports writer for the Hotel Tattler. On the initiative of Butler, he and other sportswriters founded on April 10, 1924, the Eastern Sportswriters Alliance.[14] In 1929, Butler took a break to work for Mayor Jimmy Walker's reelection campaign, while Wilfred R. Bain filled in, covering sports and theater.[15]
When the Interstate Tattler was suspended in 1932, Butler moved on to become the theatrical editor of the New York News,[16] edited for 22 years by George W. Harris (né George Wesley Harris; 1884–1948), then edited by Father Divine. The New York News was acquired by the New York Daily News in 1937. Harris, a Harvard alumnus, was New York City's first African American Alderman.
In 1935, during the Great Depression, Elmer Rice – head of the New York office of the Federal Theatre Project – appointed John Houseman to head a proposed Negro Theatre Project, who in turn, appointed Bennie Butler as his liaison officer.[17]

Butler before the Tattler

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1913: Butler began his career in journalism, working with Romeo L. Dougherty (1885–1944) at the New York News.
1915: Butler was sports and society editor for the Amsterdam News.
1918: While serving in the U.S. Marines, Butler was attached to the Navy medical unit in Brooklyn organized William Barrett Brinsmade, MD (1865–1942), known as Naval Base Hospital No. 1 at Long Island College Hospital and in Brest, France.
1919: Brief career as a comedian in vaudeville; he joined the Luke A. Scott dramatic company of New York
1919: Writer for the Kansas City Call
1922: Writer for the Negro Times[18]
Possible address in 1930
Benjamin James Jones (born 1885, North Carolina)
169 St. Nicholas Avenue
Bennie Butler, 1940
420 W. 15th Street
Possible address in 1942 (draft reg.)
Theodore Moses Jones (born April 12, 1912, Waldo, Florida)
132 Edgecombe Avenue #11
Possible address in 1942 (draft reg.)
Bennie James Jones (born May 11, 1885, Raleigh, NC)
145 West 141st Street
(contact: Mrs. Annie Jones, 319 West 116th Street)
Possible address in 1942 (draft reg.)
Ernest Henry Banks's mother, Pauline Carolina (per WWII Draft Card)
132 Edgecombe Avenue
Possible address in 1942 (draft reg.)
Bennie Butler
402 West 148th St. (born June 23, 1886, Brooklyn)
Contact: Mrs. Carrie Warley (same address)


  • Jack Trotter (né William D. Trotter; 1884–1956), co-owner with Bennie I. Butler of the Inter-State Tattler from 1928 to 1932. He went on to server many years as ad manager for the Amsterdam News.

Editors

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Hotel Tattler

  • Floyd G. Snelson was editor-in-chief of the Hotel Tattler. In his gossip column, he used the pseudonym "I Telonyou."[13] Later, Snelson was theater editor for the Pittsburgh Courier. Snelson was killed in an explosion at a French rooming house. In 1938, Snelson donated his collection of first-night programs, photographs, and other theatrical data that covered ten years to the Division of Negro Literature and History of the New York Public Library. The collection included copies of the Palm Beach Tattler, The Hotel Tattler, The Apex News, and other publications edited by Snelson.[2] Snelson had been managing editor of The Apex News, one of thirty-two weekly publications owned by The Illustrated Feature Service, which also, under the same name, published a weekly newsprint magazine inserted in sixty or more weekly publications.
The Apex News was a monthly magazine founded 1929 in Atlantic City by the Apex Publishing Co., Inc., sponsored by Sarah Spencer Washington (1889–1953), well-known beauty expert. Snelson was the founding managing editor. Archie Morgan was founding editor-in-chief and C. Whitlock was Secretary. Apex News initially maintained offices in New York and Philadelphia. Morgan was Washington's business manager for 29 years and reportedly played a big part in her success.
On August 29, 1925, Snelson was editor-in-chief of the Inter-State Tattler.[19] Snelson had been a theatrical press agent for Billie Holiday, Una Mae Carlisle, and the Ebony Club of New York.

Inter-State Tattler

  • Geraldyn Dismond (née Geraldyn M.P. Hodges; 1895–1984) was a University of Chicago graduate who later became the managing editor of The Tattler, where she wrote the gossip column "Between Puffs" as "Lady Nicotine." She was the second wife (of four) of Henry Binga Dismond, MD (1891–1956). In 1934, she was society editor of the New York Age. Under the auspices of the "Geraldyne Dismond Bureau of Specialized Publicity," she wrote syndicated society columns for the Pittsburgh Courier, the Inter-State Tattler, the New York Daily Citizen, and the Amsterdam News until 1953. She also hosted the Negro Achievement Hour radio show for WABC. In an overlapping professional role, from 1934 to 1946, she was an administrative assistant for the Bureau of Public Health Education and Information in New York City.[21]
For Jet, she wrote the column, "Gerri Major's Society World." Major also was an associate editor for Ebony Magazine. She also contributed to Black World and Black Stars. With Doris E. Saunders, Major wrote Gerri Major's Black Society in 1976, an analysis of America's black upper class – published by Johnson Publishing Company.
Geraldyn divorced Dismond March 1934 and, in 1942, re-married Canadian baritone Gilbert Burgess Holland (born 1902), known for "Without a Song." He was the son of John Christie Holland, a pastor in Hamilton, Ontario.
Andrew A. Jackson, Jr., managing editor

Reporters

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The Hotel Tattler

  • Henri M. Stucker (né Henry Maxwell Stucker; 1893–1975), who had been a reporter with The Hotel Tattler, went out on his own to publish The Cat's Meow. He was arrested April 12, 1924, on a charge of publishing an indecent magazine.[22]

Interstate Tattler

Before moving to New York, Ulysses, with one of his brothers, Robert Lincoln Poston (1890–1924), founded two weekly newspapers – in 1919, the Hopkinsville Contender (Hopkinsville, Kentucky), and in 1920, The Detroit Contender.[23]
While in New York, U.S. Poston founded and ran the Daily Negro Times, which failed after 26 issues. He also founded and ran The New York Contender.
U.S. and R.L. Poston were both associated with Marcus Garvey. R. L. Poston was General Secretary of Marcus Garvey's organization, the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League.
He wrote for many publications, including Current History, Atlantic Monthly, and the American Mercury.
Another brother, Ted Poston (1906–1974), became the first African American reporter for the New York Post.[24]
  • Eric (Cebert) "Von" Wilkinson (né Eric Wilfred Cebert Guy Waith Von Wilkinson; born 1910 in Trinidad); on November 5, 1932, became founding editor of the "Brooklyn Page," a weekly feature of the New York Age.
  • George "Ted" Yates (né George Theodore Yates; 1905–1977) had been a well-known basketball player. Among other things, in 1927, he played pro basketball for the Commonwealth Five, one of the Black Fives that was, in 1922, the first African American pro basketball team in the world. Before 1929, Yates had been a sportswriter for the New York Age. He also had been a sports and theater writer for the Interstate Tattler from 1930 to 1932 and later, in the 1930s, covered sports and theater for the Amsterdam News. He later was editor-in-chief of the Independent Press Service (Benjamin Bart, publisher), a semi-weekly, and correspondent of the African-American Newspapers.[25] He worked about 30 years as a journalist.
photo
  • Clarence A. H. Abbott (né Clarence Augustine Herbert Abbott; 1909–1958), born in Basseterre, Saint Kitts),[27] was a columnist with the Interstate Tattler. He immigrated to New York from Basseterre April 5, 1924, and became a naturalized citizen May 8, 1935.
  • In 1929, Leroy H. Sloan (né Leroy Hampton Sloan; 1908–1976), born in Greenfield, Ohio), moved to Pittsburgh in 1928 as an employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He became the the Pennsylvania editor for the Interstate Tattler. He had completed a year course in public speaking under the curriculum of the North American Institute, Chicago, founded by Robert Everett Pattison Kline (1874–1959), who, in 1916, had founded the Department of Public Speaking at Columbia College Chicago.

Contributors

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Inter-State Tattler

  • Ted Carroll (né Theodore Carroll; 1906–1973) was a prolific sports cartoonist who contributed to the Interstate Tattler. Having served as a 1st Lt. in the U.S. Army during World War II, he is buried at the Long Island National Cemetery, Section 2S, Site 722.
Carroll was a cartoonist for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and contributed to:

Not sure

  • Dan Patchit (born abt. 1891)
  • Ferdy Accooe (né Ferdinand J. Accooe; 1889–1972). His brother Will Accooe (né William John Accooe; 1875–1904) was a composer who had collaborated in 1902 will Will Marion Cook, and, when he died, was credited for having composed all the music perfomed by Williams and Walker.[30]
  • L. Baynard Whitney (né Louis Baynard Whitney; 1898–1986), reporter
  • Edgar Rouzeau (né Edgar Theodore Rouzeau; 1905–1958), on February 16, 1942, became the first African American correspondent officially accredited to the United States Army, and, the first African American correspondent to accompany troops abroad. He worked for The Interstate Tattler, The Amsterdam News, The Norfolk Journal and Guide, The Baltimore Afro-American, and The Pittsburgh Courier. At the time of his accreditation as a war correspondent, he was manager of the New York office of The Pittsburgh Courier.[31]
  • Maurice Dancer (né Maurice Ewert Dancer; 1898–1976) wrote for the Interstate Tattler until it folded, then became the theatrical and night-life editor for the Pittsburgh Courier. He also contributed to The Show-Down, a theatrical magazine launched in 1935 and edited by Sally Cathrell.[Note 2] By 1942, according to his World War II Draft Registration, was working for the Chicago Defender. His brother, Earl Harold Dancer (1895–1943) — by way of marriage in 1943 to Viola Nicholas (née Viola Hardin; 1893–1971), a widow of the drummer Ulysses D. Nicholas (1892–1935) — was the step-father of the Nicholas Brothers.[Note 3]
  • Frank Byrd
  • Vere Johns (1893–1966)[32]
  • Laban Eric Johnson did some freelance writing for the Interstate Tattler

Business managers

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Hotel Tattler

Interstate Tattler

  • Cyril S. Reid (1893–1966), business manager
  • Ann Christine Douglas (maiden 1911–1938), business manager, a college-educated woman and voracious reader who had been deaf since age five.

Advertising

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Interstate Tattler

  • Billy Rowe (né William Leon Rowe; 1915–1997) was and editor and advertising executive for the Interstate Tatter. He also had been editor for the Harlem News and editor-photographer for the Pittsburgh Courier.[37][38] Notably, in August 1951, New York Mayor Vincent R. Impellitteri appointed Rowe to a position known as Seventh Deputy Police Commissioner, the first black in that position. He served as liaison between the police and community groups, amid some criticism from black publications. Around 1951, his wife, Isabela Rowe (née Isabela Viola Smith; 1915–2004), took over his column, "Billy Rowe's Note Book," with the Pittsburgh Courier, and renamed it "Izzy Rowe's Note Book." Before, she had written for the Courier under the byline "Isadora Smith."
Billy Rowe also had managed publicity for Joe Louis, Sugar Ray Robinson, and Sammy Davis, Jr., and later was a corporate marketing consultant for companies like Burlington Industries and General Foods.[39]
  • William Ernest Pettus (1888–1946), Philadelphia representative of the Interstate Tattler. He was a son of Sammual Bailey Pettus (1858–1925), prominent citizen of Philadelphia.

Connections

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Jack Trotter had a sister, Carrie Spencer (née Carrie Trotter; 1884–1969).

  • Jack Trotter's sister's husband, Warrick Spencer, Jr., M.D. (1878–1967), was a brother of Edward Alexander Spencer, Sr. (1876–1964), who was married to Anne Spencer (1882–1975), an acclaimed poet of the Harlem Renaissance (see Anne Spencer House).

Bennie Butler had a sister, Mary Ethel Jones, who was married to Jeremiah Flynn, Jr., whose uncle, John Wilson Connors (1875–1926), was, according to Chappie Johnson, the father of modern Negro baseball, having done more for players than anyone else ever did or ever will. Connors was a restaurant owner who formed the Brooklyn Royal Giants in 1904.[40]

Beauty contest winners

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Wilfred R. Bain (né Wilfred Resta Bain; 1893–1931), City Editor for the Interstate Tattler, founded the publication's beauty contests. Winners include:

  • 1922: Ora Viola Johnson of New York, "Prettiest colored girl in the United States," chosen from 475 contestants, nationwide
  • 1922: Gladys Stewart
  • 1924: Wilhelmina F. Adams (née Oritha; 1891–1987), crowned Queen of Hotel Tattler's Ball and Beauty Pageant[41] Freddie Moore (1900–1992) (nl), the jazz drummer, was a half-brother of Wilhelmina.

The Pittsburgh Courier reported that Bain's death was thought to be from foul play from gangsters. Bain had lost considerable money from the Wall Street Crash of 1929.

Sports

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1923: Howard University vs. Lincoln football game promotion

Archives

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Serial information

Hotel Tattler (weekly)
Vol. 1, No. 4, Abt. May 27, 1922
October 1922??? OCLC 32375759
Vol. 3, No. 32, August 10, 1924; LCCN sn94087426
Vol. 3, No. 52, December 28, 1924; LCCN sn88073080
The Inter-State Tattler
First issue: Vol. 1, No. 1, February 27, 1925; LCCN sn88073081
Final issue: Vol. 8, No. 34, August 25, 1932; LCCN sn88073081

OCLC WorldCat identifications

The Hotel Tattler
The Tattler
The Inter-State Tattler

Chronicling America reference identifications at the Library of Congress

The Hotel Tattler
The Inter-State Tattler
"African American Newspapers, Series 2, 1835–1956," Readex, a division of NewsBank

Millersville University

  • Inter-State Tattler, March 17, 1932, Carl Van Vechten Memorial Collection of African-American Arts and Letters, 1853–2004; Prints, 1896-1964; Inter-State Tattler, March 17, 1932.
Millersville University Special Collections; File – Box 4 (of 12), Folder 30; Identifier: 04_30_1932. (link)
Re: 5x7 photograph featuring a caricature of Fredi Washington by Sam Berman
[edit]

Hotel Tattler

Note: The Nest Club (operating under the auspices of The Nest Club, Inc.) – at 169 West 133rd Street, 2 doors east of Seventh Avenue, Harlem – was a cabaret club, founded around 1923 by John C. Carey and Mal Frazier (né Melville Hunter Frazier; 1888–1967), co-partners.
The club was managed by Johnnie Cobb (1923–1925) and Jeff Blood (1927). Among the jazz musicians who led bands there were
In 1932 the Rhythm Club (see below), which had functioned at 168 West 132nd Street, closed at that venue and began to operate in a room behind the Nest Club. The Nest Club itself closed in 1933.[43]
In 1933, Dickie Wells (who should not be confused with the famous trombonist of the same name) took over the lease and opened the Shim Sham Club.

Interstate Tattler

See also

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Notes and references

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General

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Notes

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  1. ^ The date and volume of the Hotel Tattler's first issue was imputed from a known date and issue; to wit: October 22, 1922 (Vol. 1, No. 28) 17 weeks April 16, 1922 (Vol. 1, No. 1)
  2. ^ The Show-Down, edited by Sally J. Cathrell, was a theatrical magazine, first issued November 7, 1935 (Vol. 1, No. 1). Cathrell had previously published a monthly out of Kansas City, Missouri, named The Voice. (The Voice)
  3. ^ Earl Dancer (né Earl Harold Dancer; 1894–1963), among other things, had, in 1936, produced a Broadway production featuring the Cotton Club Boys at the Comedy Theatre. He was once thought to be married to Ethel Waters. In 1943, he married a pianist Viola Nicholas (née Harden; 1893–1971), widow of the late drummer Ulysses Dominick Nicholas (1892–1935). Through her, Dancer had two stepsons: Fayard Nicholas and Harold Nicholas, who were the dancing duo known as Nicholas Brothers

Inline

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  1. ^ Voices of a Black Nation – Political Journalism in the Harlem Renaissance, Theodore Vincent (né Theodore Gregor Vincent; 1936–2009) (ed.), San Francisco: Ramparts Press (1973), pps. 29–30, 37, 157, 245; OCLC 943455528, 800627122, ISBNs 0-8786-7034-3, 978-0-8786-7034-5
  2. ^ a b "Floyd Snelson Gives Theatrical Data to N. Y. Public Library," New York Age, Vol. 52, No. 20, January 15, 1938, p. 9 (accessible via www.fultonhistory.com; free)
  3. ^ "Renaissance Men: The Harlem Intelligentsia, the African-American Press, and the Culture of Sports, 1918–1940" (PhD dissertation), by Daniel Roger Anderson (born 1965), University of Minnesota (2005); OCLC 84669690
  4. ^ Polk's Trow's New York Directory: 1924–1925, Re: "Hotel Tattler Publishing Co., Inc.," Vol. 134, p. 1165 (accessible via Ancestry.com)
  5. ^ "Morgan Awarded $1000 for Slanderous Article in Hotel Tattler, 1924," New York Age, June 19, 1924, p. 10 (accessible via fultonhistory.com; free)
  6. ^ "Interstate Tattler Reported Suspended," New York Age, December 25, 1926, p. 3 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  7. ^ "Interstate Tattler Now Controls New York News, Says Bennie Butler," New York Age, Vol. 43, No. 21, February 1, 1930, front page (accessible via www.fultonhistory.com; free)
  8. ^ "Harlem May Have Two 'Tattlers,'" Pittsburgh Courier, January 1, 1927, p. 2nd ed., p. 3 (accessible via fultonhistory.com)
  9. ^ The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers (Vol. 7, Novmber 1927 – August 1940), Robert A. Hill (ed.), University of California Press (1991), Appendix viii, p. 981; ISBN 0-5200-7208-1
  10. ^ "Schuyler Weekly Fails," Pittsburgh Courier, June 18, 1932, Sect. 1, p. 4 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  11. ^ "America Caught Up With Him," George S. Schuyler, The Crisis, Vol. 49, No. 6, Whole No. 378, July 1942, pps. 194–195
  12. ^ "Harlem Is Now Importing Most of Its Weeklies," Pittsburgh Courier, February 4, 1933, Sect. 1, p. 2 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  13. ^ a b c d The Culture of Sports in the Harlem Renaissance
    Part II: "Sportswriting and the Harlem Press. 'Jazz Journalism': Sportswriting and Popular Culture in the Black Press – Garveyism Comes to Sports: The Interstate-Tattler"
    By Daniel Roger Anderson, PhD (born 1965), McFarland & Company (2017), pps. 126–127 OCLC 1004320093
  14. ^ "Local Sports Writers Form an Organization," New York Age, Vol. 37, No. 31, April 19, 1924, p. 7, col. 5 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  15. ^ Lost Plays of the Harlem Renaissance, 1920–1940, James Vernon Hatch & Leo Hamalian (eds.), Wayne State University Press (1996), p. 18
  16. ^ The New York News and Harlem Home Journal; OCLC 17758556; LCCN sn88063292
  17. ^ "Resentment Grows At Proposed Negro Theatre Project," New York Age, December 21, 1935, p. 4 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  18. ^ "Bennie Butler, Former Tattler Editor, Now in Enforced Retirement, Talks of Past – Harlem Doesn't Seem the Same Since Tattler Suspended Publication, Opinion – Hope to Effect 'Comeback' for Self and Magazine," by Floyd J. Calvin, Pittsburgh Courier, December 24, 1932, p. 3, 2nd ed. (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  19. ^ "The Inter-State 'Tattler'" (advertisement), Richmond Planet, Vol. 42, No. 41, August 29, 1925, p. 7, Image 6 (accessible via Chronicling America; Library of Congress)
  20. ^ "Influential Black Journalists of the 20th Century," by Wayne Dawkins, NABJ Journal; Adelphi, Vol. 17, No. 3, October 31, 1999, p. 10 (accessible via ProQuest Ethnic NewsWatch at search.proquest.com/docview/224188517; subscription required)
  21. ^ Helen Armstead-Johnson Miscellaneous Theater Collections; 1831–1993 (re: b. 9 "Major, Gerri, 1979") at Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division at the New York Public Library; OCLC 122363936
  22. ^ "Henri Stucker Held to Special Sessions Account "Cat's Meow," New York Age, Vol. 37, No. 31, April 19, 1924, p. 1 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  23. ^ The Detroit Contender, Robert L. Poston (ed.), November 13, 1920; OCLC 38995153
  24. ^ "Ulysses S. Poston, Real Estate Man; Former Newsman, a Crusader for Negro Rights, Dead — Wrote for Magazines," New York Times, May 16, 1955, p. 23 (accessible via New York Times; subscription required)
  25. ^ "Ted Yates" (with photo), Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, published by the National Urban League, Vol. 8, No. 3, July-September 1945, p. 161
  26. ^ "Hubert H. Harrison papers, 1893–1927," Columbia University Libraries; OCLC 1082259870
  27. ^ "Izzy Rowe's Notebook" (column), "Since This Is ... ," Pittsburgh Courier, Vol. 49, No. 10, March 8, 1958, p. 21 (accessible via Fultonhistory.com link)
  28. ^ The Art of Ellis Wilson, (re: Tattler; alt link), by Albert Frank Sperath (born 1944) (Sperath's bio via WorldCat at 4779344737), Margaret Rose Vendryes, Steven H. Jones, Eva King, University Press of Kentucky (2000); OCLC 1097308231, 8183212085, ISBNs 978-0-8131-6047-4, 0-8131-6047-2
  29. ^ Lincoln University – Pi Lamda Psi News (1928), p. 14
  30. ^ Profiles of African American Stage Performers and Theatre People, 1816–1960 (re: "Will Accooe"), by Bernard L. Peterson, Jr., Greenwood Press (2001)
  31. ^ "A Tribute to the Negro War Correspondent," by Ethel L. Williams, Negro History Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 5, February 1945, pps. 110–116, 118–119 (accessible via JSTOR at www.jstor.org/stable/44214385; subscription required)
  32. ^ "Footlight Flickers" (ANP syndicated column), by Al Moses, Indianapolis Recorder, April 23, 1938, p. 13 (accessible via Hoosier State Chronicles; free)
  33. ^ "Elmer B. Derby Dead," New York Age, Vol. 35, No. 42, July 8, 1922, p. 8 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  34. ^ "City Oration — Elmer B. Derby Read the Declaration of Independence," The Boston Globe, July 5, 1898, p. 12 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  35. ^ Annual Report of the School Committee of the City of Boston 1898 (re: "Elmer B. Derby"), p. 257
  36. ^ Officials and Employees of the City of Boston and County of Suffolk With Their Residences, Compensation, etc,. at the Internet Archive (re: "Elmer B. Derby," p. 8) (1905)
  37. ^ "I've Been Around" (weekly column that ran in 1944), by Ted Yates, New York Age, Vol. 58, No. 10, July 31, 1943, p. 11 (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  38. ^ Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events (3rd ed.), by Jessie Carney Smith, Visible Ink Press (2013); OCLC 854922105; ISBN 978-1-57859-369-9
  39. ^ "William L. Rowe, Police Official, Dies at 82," by Anthony Ramirez, New York Times, September 23, 1997
  40. ^ "John W. Connor, Founder Organized Negro Baseball in New York, Is Dead," New York Age, July 17, 1926, front page (accessible via Newspapers.com; subscription required)
  41. ^ Wilhelmina F. Adams papers at Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division at the New York Public Library; OCLC 122455262
  42. ^ The Splendid Drunken Twenties: Selections From the Daybooks, 1922–1930, by Carl Van Vechten, University of Illinois Press (2003), p. 87, note 2; ISBN 0-2520-2848-1
  43. ^ "Selected Observations From the Harlem Jazz Scene" (masters thesis), by Jonah Johathan, Rutgers University (May 2015)
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