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• Clément Charles André Fernique (1808–1871).

• Fernique, Charles Antoine Activity Start Date: September 21, 1851 – Activity end date: August 27, 1869

• http://elec.enc.sorbonne.fr/imprimeurs Node 27117

Catalogue thématique. Catalogues et répertoires: 24. Dictionnaire des imprimeurs-lithographes du XIX^e siècle

[Thematic catalogue. Catalogues and directories: 24. Dictionary of 19th Century Lithographic Printers.]

Name: FERNIQUE First name:

• Charles, Antoine

Date of start of activity: 09/21/1851 Date of end of activity: 08/27/1869 Professional addresses: 15, rue de Clichy (1851)

City - Department: Paris Personal address: 7, rue des Poitevins

Predecessors: FERNIQUE Successors: PÉPIN

Publication

24. Dictionnaire des imprimeurs-lithographes du XIXe siècle

Corinne Bouquin et Élisabeth Parinet

http://elec.enc.sorbonne.fr/imprimeurs/

Derrière l’énorme production lithographique du XIXe siècle, il y a tout un monde d’imprimeurs spécialisés que ce Dictionnaire se propose de faire connaître à partir des dossiers de candidature pour l’obtention du brevet d’imprimeur-lithographe. Aux éléments fournis par ces dossiers déposés aux Archives nationales ont été ajoutées des informations puisées à d’autres sources : correspondances, dossiers de faillite, brevets d’invention, archives notariales, sources policières, collections d’estampes... Chacun des imprimeurs-lithographes ainsi recensés fait l’objet d’une notice rassemblant données personnelles et professionnelles, complétées de références bibliographiques et iconographiques.

Corinne Bouquin and Élisabeth Parinet

Behind the enormous lithographic production of the 19th century, there is an entire world of specialized printers that this Dictionary seeks to introduce, drawing from the application files for obtaining the printer-lithographer license. To the information provided by these files, which are stored in the National Archives, additional details have been added from other sources: correspondence, bankruptcy files, invention patents, notarial archives, police records, print collections... Each printer-lithographer listed in this dictionary is the subject of an entry that compiles personal and professional data, supplemented by bibliographical and iconographic references.

Early years and family

• link

He was married to Marie Joséphine Delanneau. He is the son of André Simon Fernique (1780–1856) and Marie Eléonore Gillotin (died 1832). They were the parents of pioneering photographer Albert Fernique (fr) (1841–1898). At the age of 11, he left school to enter an apprenticeship with Mantoux, then did his military service and, for 4 years, he practiced lithography at the train of the equables. He then worked at Aubert and "Mr. Philipon had the idea of ​​printing drawings in black and white pencils. It was [Fernique] who was tasked with finding the means to succeed. Which he achieved after four months of testing." He asked that his participation as a combatant in the July Days of 1830 be recognized by the award of a medal.

Career

In 1843, wishing to make the most of his experience, he requested the transfer to his benefit of his father's patent. He renounced it a few months later. Indeed, on September 4, 1843, Bailleul made a report in which he recognized his skills in lithography, but deplored his lack of education, advising, in conclusion, to refuse him a patent, but to give him a simple authorization for the personal possession of a press; he could thus continue to practice printing while taking lessons to improve his education. Without being exceptional, this type of decision is rare. Even though some lines written by the candidate show clumsy handwriting, a very embarrassed expression and hesitant spelling, one may wonder whether the decision was not influenced by the poor opinion that Bailleul had of the father and the good relations of the son with Philipon and Aubert for whom he worked.

The file of André Simon Fernique mentions a transmission to his son on February 21, 1851 but there is no file in the name of his son. In any case, it seems that Charles Fernique worked under his father's patent, in particular for the satirical production of the years 1847-1851, signed simply Lith. Fernique or Fernique et cie. From 1851, the signature Lith. Ch. Fernique appears on an abundant and diversified production, often in chromolithography. In June 1852, he obtained a permit to own two intaglio presses for printing business cards, letterheads and reports, to the exclusion of any other work.

He printed satirical prints by Henry Emy (1820-1874)

• Bric-à-brac caricatural: This series likely featured satirical and exaggerated depictions of everyday objects or situations, a common theme in 19th-century caricature.
• Les plaisirs du jeune âge: This could be a satirical reflection on the pleasures and follies of youth, a recurring theme in many satirical prints of the time.
• La ville et le village: Contrasting urban and rural life, this work likely humorously portrayed the differences between the city and the countryside, often highlighting the absurdities of both settings.

He also printed saitirical prints by Cham (1819–1879), the pseudonym of Amédée de Noé (1818–1879), was one of the most prominent French caricaturists and satirists of the 19th century. His humorous and sometimes biting works were widely appreciated in French society. Some of his notable works include:

• Mr. Papillon ou l'Amour autour du monde: A satirical narrative following the adventures of Mr. Papillon in search of love around the world, possibly poking fun at romantic ideals.
• L'art de réussir dans le monde: A humorous take on the "art" of succeeding in society, probably offering satirical advice or anecdotes about social ambition and behavior.
• Les tâtonnements de Jean Bidoux dans la carrière militaire: This work satirizes military life and the struggles of the titular character, Jean Bidoux, likely portraying the absurdities and challenges of a military career.

Cham also contributed to several almanacs, which were popular publications in the 19th century combining practical information, calendars, and often humorous or satirical content:

• Almanach comique (1858): A humorous almanac likely filled with jokes, caricatures, and entertaining illustrations.
• Almanach de la vigne (1860): An almanac related to wine, perhaps humorously reflecting on winemaking or wine culture.
• Almanach pour rire (1867): Another almanac for laughter, filled with comic content to entertain readers throughout the year.
• Almanach du charivari (1870): Associated with Le Charivari, a well-known satirical magazine in France, this almanac likely included political and social satire.

Cham also printed many portraits of actors for the Galerie dramatique, games:

• La Campagne. Nouveau jeu de Dominos Pittoresques, 1851

and albums of illustrations for children, scores:

• La mélancolique, polka-mazurka

lithographed texts, plans...For satirical drawings and portraits, he worked mainly on behalf of the publisher and dealer Martinet.

Archival notes

Bibliography Sources:

Ministére de la Culture, Archives Nationales F18 1763; F/1d111/52

Archives Nationales F18 1763; F/1d111/52

Reference codes: F/1dIII/83 – F/1dIII/98

The documents contained in the Sub-Series F18 relate to printing, bookstore, and press censorship during the 19th century.

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The initial nominative inventory Récompenses honorifiques, insurgés de 1848 [Honorary awards, insurgents of 1848], by Monique Mayeur, Paris (2001), was dematerialized and encoded in 2020. This dematerialization was an opportunity to correct some typos and add new fields from the existing data (sex, formatting of the nature of the facts, date of death on if applicable, standardization of dates and place of birth, standardization of domicile). The files concerning the other insurrections than 1848 were set aside in the final classification plan.

• Récompenses honorifiques, Insurgés de 1848 [Honorary awards, Insurgents of 1848] (inventory-index). Established by Monique Mayeur. Archives Nationales, accessible on the GALLICA. 2001.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

• Histoire de France [History of France]. Vol. 2 (of 2). Under the direction of Marcel Robert Michel Reinhard (fr) (1899–1973) with the collaboration of Norbert Stéphane Jean-Marie Dufourcq (1904–1990). Hachette, Paris: Librairie Larousse. 1954.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) BnF 362523497; OCLC 407555 (all editions).

The files marked F/1dIII/83-F/1dIII/98, classified in alphabetical order probably in the 19th century, seem to come from at least two different producers:

The office of national guards and military affairs, 1st division of the Ministry of the Interior, the commission for the distribution of national rewards, attached to the Prefecture of the Seine.

Entry and conservation

Mode of entry

Transfer to the National Archives in [?]

Sources and references

Documents from the same source

Inventory of Rewards for the victors of the Bastille in 1789

Inventory of Rewards and aid for combatants, wounded and victims of the February days of 1830

Bibliography

References

• "Fernique, Charles-Antoine" (manuscript) (digital image 246 of 544). "Faure-Flamarens". FM (Fonds maçonnique = Masonic Fund) Files compiled by Jean Bossu (fr) (1911–1985) (118). June 29, 2014. BnF Archives et Manuscrits

FERNIQUE
Charles-Antoine

Lithographe
15 rue de Clichy
Vient de la Loge Isis Montyon
Orient de Paris
Fondateur (1857, reçu compagnon)
Loge Osiris N° 150
Orient de Paris 1863
(Annuaire de la loge, collection Baylot)
Fernique, lithographe, 15 rue de
Clichy, reçu compagnon,
1° membre des cercles
de la loge Osiris n° 150 en 1867
(Pinon, 194, et 330)
D'après les archives de la loge
à la BN, Fernique aurait démis­sionné

pour raison de santé le 3 mai 1862.

FERNIQUE
Charles-Antoine

Lithographer
15 rue de Clichy
Came from the Isis Montyon Lodge
Orient of Paris
Founder (1857, admitted as a companion)
Lodge Osiris No 150
Orient of Paris 1863
(Lodge directory, Baylot collection)
Fernique, lithographer, 15 rue de Clichy, admitted as a companion, 10th member of the circles
of the Osiris Lodge no 150 in 1867
(Pinon, 194 and 330)

According to the lodge archives at the BN, Fernique resigned for health reasons on May 3, 1862.

• Cham & Fernique (1856). Mr. Papillon ou l'Amour autour du monde [Mr. Papillon, or, Love Around the World] (in French). Cham (illustrator), Charles Fernique (lithographer). Paris: 41 rue Vivienne et 146 rue de Rivoli : Maison Martinet → Aaron Martinet (1762–1841). BnF cb400558049; OCLC 693217353 (all editions).

• "Fernique, Charles Antoine". Dictionnaire des imprimeurs-lithographes du XIX^e siècle [Dictionary of 19th Century Lithographic Printers] (online database) (in French). Database created by Corinne Bouquin (born 1963), PhD in Book History (Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University), and Élisabeth Parinet, PhD in History, History of Publishing, Sciences Po (1990), Professor Emeritus, École nationale des chartes (2014); Wikidata Q53117898. LabEx CAP (Laboratoire d’Excellence Création, Arts et Patrimoines), a French research initiative that focuses on art, creation, and cultural heritage.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Archives nationales F¹⁸ 1763 ; F/1d111/52.
• Fétis, François-Joseph (1784–1871) (1837). "Giacomelli (Joseph)" and "Giacomelli (M^me Geneviève-Sophie Billé)". Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique [Universal Biography of Musicians and General Bibliography of Music]. Vol. 4: "Ea–Gy". Brussels: Meline, Cans et Compagnie, Imprimerie, Librairie et Founderie. pp. 323–324.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

1. Via Internet Archive (Boston Public Library).

• Turner, Jane (born 1956), ed. (1996) [reprinted with minor corrections, 1998]. "Janinet, Jean-François". The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 16: "Iraq to Janoušek". Grove. Macmillan Publishers Limited. pp. 905–906. Retrieved September 15, 2024 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link) LCCN 96-13628.