User:FijiAura/sandbox

FijiAura/sandbox
	Boops boops booping in a school off the coast of Greece
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Sparidae
Genus:	Boops
Species:	B. boops
Binomial name
	Boops boops; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
	Boops canariensis Valenciennes, 1839; Box boops (Linnaeus, 1758); Box vulgaris Valenciennes 1830; Sparus boops Linnaeus, 1758;

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Boops boops (/ˈboʊ.ɒps/; from Ancient Greek βόωψ, literally 'cow-eye'), commonly called the bogue, is a species of seabream native to the eastern Atlantic.^[2] Its common name in most languages refers to its large ("bug") eyes.^{[citation needed]}

Distribution and habitat

The species is found off the coasts of Europe, Africa, the Azores and the Canary Islands, from Norway to Angola, and in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It avoids brackish waters such as the Baltic Sea. A demersal and semi-pelagic feeder, it can generally be found at a depth of 100 m (330 ft), and infrequently down to 350 m (1,150 ft).^[3]

Ecology

It consumes seaweed, crustaceans, and some plankton, in schools that rise to the surface at night. Individuals can reach 36 cm (14 in), but average 20 cm (7.9 in). Sex determination in the bogue is unclear. It has variously been described as a rudimentary intersex organism, with a few intersex individuals, or a protogynous intersex, with individuals starting out life as females, and some becoming male later on.^[3]

Human use

The species is commercially booping, with 37,830 tonnes taken in 2008.^[2] It is marketed in sizes from Small (1/2, 2/3), Medium (2/4, 3/5, 4/6), Large (4/8, 4/7, 5/7, 5/8). Sizes are not standardized, but the mentioned sizes are often used in commercial transactions. When cleaned and pan fried, broiled or baked fresh, they are good tasting, but when stored their gut flora soon spread unpleasant flavors to their flesh.^[4] Much of the catch is used for fishmeal or tuna fishing bait.

Parasites

The bogue is host to a wide variety of parasites, ranging from metazoans such as monogenean flatworms (e.g. Microcotyle isyebi^[5] and Cyclocotyla bellones) acanthocephalan spiny-headed worms, nematode roundworms, isopod and copepod crustaceans and myxozoan cnidarians to the unicellular dinoflagellate Ichthyodinium chabelardi, a parasite lethal to eggs developing in ovaries. At least 67 metazoan parasite species have been reported from the species.^[6] In the aftermath of the 2002 Prestige oil spill, the community of parasitic species inhabiting bogue caught off the coast of Spain was noticeably altered.^[7]

References

^ Pollard, D.; Carpenter, K.E.; Russell, B. (2014). "Boops boops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170251A1301787. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170251A1301787.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Boops boops". Fisheries Global Information System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Boops boops". FishBase. July 2023 version.
^ Koutsoumanis, K.; Nychas, G. J. (1999). "Chemical and sensory changes associated with microbial flora of Mediterranean Boque (Boops boops) stored aerobically at 0, 3, 7, and 10°C". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65 (2). American Society for Microbiology: 698–706. Bibcode:1999ApEnM..65..698K. doi:10.1128/AEM.65.2.698-706.1999. PMC 91082. PMID 9925603.
^ Bouguerche, Chahinez; Gey, Delphine; Justine, Jean-Lou; Tazerouti, Fadila (2019). "Towards the resolution of the Microcotyle erythrini species complex: description of Microcotyle isyebi n. sp. (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) from Boops boops (Teleostei, Sparidae) off the Algerian coast" (PDF). Parasitology Research. 118 (5): 1417–1428. doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06293-y. ISSN 0932-0113. PMID 30915549. S2CID 85528221.
^ Olmo, Ana Pérez-del; Fernández, Mercedes; Gibson, David I.; Raga, Juan Antonio; Kostadinova, Aneta (2007). "Descriptions of some unusual digeneans from Boops boops L. (Sparidae) and a complete checklist of its metazoan parasites". Systematic Parasitology. 66 (2). Springer: 137–157. doi:10.1007/s11230-006-9063-5. PMID 17318367. S2CID 25844447.
^ Pérez-del Olmo, A.; Raga, J.A.; Kostadinova, A.; Fernández, M. (2007). "Parasite communities in Boops boops (L.) (Sparidae) after the Prestige oil-spill: Detectable alterations". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 54 (3). Elsevier: 266–276. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.10.003. PMID 17118407.

External links

Photos of FijiAura/sandbox on Sealife Collection

Category:Sparidae Category:Commercial fish Category:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean Category:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea Category:Fish of the Black Sea Category:Fish of the North Sea Category:Fish described in 1758 Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

[iucn_status_11_November_2021-1] Pollard, D.; Carpenter, K.E.; Russell, B. (2014). "Boops boops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170251A1301787. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170251A1301787.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[fao2385-2] "Boops boops". Fisheries Global Information System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 16 January 2011.

[fishbase-3] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Boops boops". FishBase. July 2023 version.

[4] Koutsoumanis, K.; Nychas, G. J. (1999). "Chemical and sensory changes associated with microbial flora of Mediterranean Boque (Boops boops) stored aerobically at 0, 3, 7, and 10°C". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65 (2). American Society for Microbiology: 698–706. Bibcode:1999ApEnM..65..698K. doi:10.1128/AEM.65.2.698-706.1999. PMC 91082. PMID 9925603.

[BouguercheGey2019-5] Bouguerche, Chahinez; Gey, Delphine; Justine, Jean-Lou; Tazerouti, Fadila (2019). "Towards the resolution of the Microcotyle erythrini species complex: description of Microcotyle isyebi n. sp. (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) from Boops boops (Teleostei, Sparidae) off the Algerian coast" (PDF). Parasitology Research. 118 (5): 1417–1428. doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06293-y. ISSN 0932-0113. PMID 30915549. S2CID 85528221.

[6] Olmo, Ana Pérez-del; Fernández, Mercedes; Gibson, David I.; Raga, Juan Antonio; Kostadinova, Aneta (2007). "Descriptions of some unusual digeneans from Boops boops L. (Sparidae) and a complete checklist of its metazoan parasites". Systematic Parasitology. 66 (2). Springer: 137–157. doi:10.1007/s11230-006-9063-5. PMID 17318367. S2CID 25844447.

[7] Pérez-del Olmo, A.; Raga, J.A.; Kostadinova, A.; Fernández, M. (2007). "Parasite communities in Boops boops (L.) (Sparidae) after the Prestige oil-spill: Detectable alterations". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 54 (3). Elsevier: 266–276. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.10.003. PMID 17118407.

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